Developmental Dynamics最新文献

{"title":"Endoderm differentiates into a transient epidermis in the mouse perineum.","authors":"Christine E Larkins, Daniel M Grunberg, Gabriel M Daniels, Erik J Feldtmann, Martin J Cohn","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70050","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In eutherian mammals, the embryonic cloaca is partitioned into genitourinary and anorectal canals by the urorectal septum. In the mouse embryo, the urorectal septum contributes to the perineum, which separates the anus from the external genitalia. During the growth of the urorectal septum, endodermal epithelium of the cloaca is displaced to the surface of the perineum, where endodermal cells are integrated into the developing skin. However, it is unknown whether the endodermal lineage of the perineum acquires true epidermal identity, an enigmatic fate for endodermal cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that endodermal cells that reach the surface of the perineum express markers of basal, spinous, and granular epidermis. During postnatal development, the endodermal lineage of the perineum epidermis undergoes terminal differentiation and desquamation and is replaced by adjacent ectoderm. Live imaging and single-cell tracking show that ectodermal cells move at a faster velocity in a lateral-to-medial direction, indicating convergence toward the narrow band of endoderm that lies between the anus and external genitalia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cloacal endoderm differentiates into a non-renewing, transient epidermis at the midline of the perineum. Differences in directionality and velocity of cell movement patterns between endodermal and ectodermal cells suggest that the perineum epidermis develops by convergent extension.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combinatorial expression of glial transcription factors induces Schwann cell-specific gene expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.","authors":"Lauren Belfiore, Anjali Balakrishnan, Yacine Touahri, Dawn Zinyk, Humna Noman, Satoshi Okawa, Jeff Biernaskie, Carol Schuurmans","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70054","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schwann cells provide peripheral nerve trophic support, myelinate axons, and assist in repair. However, Schwann cell repair capacity is limited by chronic injury, disease, and aging. Schwann cell reprogramming is a cellular conversion strategy that could provide a renewable cell supply to repair injured nerves. Here, we developed a plasmid-based approach to test the Schwann cell conversion potential of four glial transcription factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We employed four transcription factors implicated in Schwann cell differentiation and repair: Sox10, Sox2, Jun, and Pax3. Expression vectors were generated for Sox10 alone and two triple transcription factor combinations: Jun-Pax3-Sox2 (triple 1, T1) and Sox10-Jun-Sox2 (triple 2, T2). Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were transfected with these vectors, transferred to glial inductive media, and Schwann cell-marker expression was in assessed by immunostaining, flow cytometry, and qPCR. All expression vectors repressed fibroblast-specific gene expression. However, T2 was most efficient at generating O4⁺ Schwann cell-like cells, which had some capacity to myelinate denervated axons from explanted dorsal root ganglia. In comparison, T1 more efficiently induced repair Schwann cell-marker expression in converted O4⁺ cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>T1 and T2 convert MEFs to Schwann cells with different efficacies and gene expression profiles, and may provide cell-based therapies for peripheral nerve repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic evolution of EGF-CFC genes in deuterostomes.","authors":"Natalia A Shylo, Paul A Trainor","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>EGF-CFC proteins are a bilaterian innovation, but they are best known for their roles in Nodal signaling during gastrulation and left-right patterning in vertebrates. Species with multiple family members show evidence of functional specialization. For example, in mouse, Cripto is required for gastrulation, whereas CFC1 is involved in left-right patterning. However, members of the EGF-CFC family across model organisms exhibit limited sequence conservation beyond the EGF-CFC domain, posing challenges for determining their evolutionary history and functional conservation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we describe the evolutionary history of the EGF-CFC family of proteins across several branches of deuterostomes, with a particular focus on vertebrates. We trace the EGF-CFC gene family from a single gene in the deuterostome ancestor through its expansion and functional specialization in tetrapods, and subsequent gene loss and translocation in eutherian mammals. Mouse Cripto and CFC1, zebrafish Tdgf1, and each Xenopus EGF-CFC gene (Tdgf1, Tdgf1.2 and Cripto.3) are all descendants of the ancestral deuterostome Tdgf1 gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We propose that subsequent to EGF-CFC family expansion in tetrapods, Tdgf1B (Xenopus Tdgf1.2) acquired specialization in the left-right patterning cascade, and then after its translocation in eutherians to a different chromosomal location, CFC1 has maintained that specialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental development in the tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) and the evolution of vertebrate dentitions.","authors":"Anna Pospisilova, Jan Stundl, Lenin Arias-Rodriguez, Robert Cerny, Vladimír Soukup","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dentitions have diversified enormously during vertebrate evolution, involving reductions, modifications, or allocations to prey seizing and processing regions. A combination of ancient and novel features related to dental and oropharyngeal apparatuses is found in extant lineages of non-teleost fishes, such as the gars. While relevant to evolutionary-developmental studies, gars have largely been overlooked regarding how their dentition arises, thus leaving our comprehension of the evolutionary history of vertebrate dentitions incomplete.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we complement this knowledge gap by studying dental development in the tropical gar, Atractosteus tropicus. We follow ontogenetic changes from the initiation, tooth germ addition to the establishment of the larval replacing dentition. We pay attention to the progressive appearance of tooth fields, the emergence of dental patterns, the development of folded dentin morphology, and features related to tooth resorption and replacement. Furthermore, we identify snout elongation as the critical period when the general dentition layout becomes established.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study depicts the gar oropharyngeal apparatus as a system that is established based on patterned initiation, differential growth, replacement, and complex shaping of teeth. These features form a reference standpoint for the likely developmental processes employed in dentitions of fossil stem and crown bony vertebrates, including ray-finned fishes and tetrapods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.70043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential sensitivity of midline development to mitosis during and after primitive streak extension.","authors":"Zhiling Zhao, Rieko Asai, Takashi Mikawa","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70045","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Midline establishment is a fundamental process during early embryogenesis for Bilaterians. Midline morphogenesis in non-amniotes can occur without mitosis, through Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) signaling. By contrast, amniotes utilize both cellular processes for developing the early midline landmark, the primitive streak (PS). This study focused on the role of cell proliferation for midline development at pre- and post-PS-extension stages and analyzed PCP signaling components at post-PS-extension stages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In contrast to pre-PS-extension stages, embryos under mitotic arrest during the post-PS-extension preserved notochord (NC) extension and Hensen's node (HN)/PS regression judged by both morphology and marker genes; although they became shorter, their lengths remained proportional to the embryo length. Laterality and segmentation of paraxial mesoderm were lost upon mitotic arrest. Accompanied by mitotic arrest-induced embryonic size reduction, cells including midline tissue displayed hypertrophy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has identified at least two distinct mitosis sensitivity phases during early midline development: One is PS extension that requires both mitosis and PCP, and the other is mitotic arrest-resistant midline development at post-PS-extension stages, with a still undefined influence by PCP signaling components.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontogeny of RSPO1, FOXL2, and RUNX1 during ovarian differentiation in the marsupial tammar wallaby.","authors":"Monika R Paranjpe, Yu Chen, Geoff Shaw, Marilyn B Renfree","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>RSPO1 and FOXL2 are female sex-determining genes involved in the differentiation and organization of the ovary in some eutherian mammals. Mutations or loss of function of these genes are associated with partial to full sex reversal in mice, humans, and goats. RUNX1 may also play a role in ovarian development, but its expression in marsupials has not been examined as yet. We studied the conservation and protein localization of RSPO1, FOXL2, and RUNX1 orthologs in the marsupial tammar wallaby (Notamacropus eugenii) compared to other vertebrates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RSPO1, FOXL2, and RUNX1 were highly conserved in their sequences across all vertebrates examined. The localization of these proteins in the tammar ovary was studied from Day 18 postpartum to adulthood. RSPO1, FOXL2, and RUNX1 were expressed in the granulosa cells of the early ovary and granulosa cells of the mature ovary, while RSPO1 expression was also found in the intra-ovarian rete and cell membrane of germ cells during the period of germ cell meiosis and meiotic arrest.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RSPO1, FOXL2, and RUNX1 are highly conserved in the vertebrate ovary-determining pathway and were expressed in the tammar wallaby in a manner consistent with their role in the ovarian differentiation of eutherian mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryonic cerebrospinal fluid pressure in fetal mice in utero: External factors pressurize the intraventricular space.","authors":"Koichiro Tsujikawa, Reina Muramatsu, Takaki Miyata","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous experiments inducing leakage of embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) suggest the necessity of intraventricular CSF pressure (P_CSF) for brain morphogenesis. Nevertheless, how embryonic P_CSF occurs is unclear, especially in utero.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using a Landis water manometer, we measured P_CSF in fetal mice isolated from the amniotic cavity (P_CSF-ISO) and found that P_CSF-ISO rose from 20 Pa at embryonic day (E) 10 to 100-110 Pa at E14-16. At E13, intraventricular injections of ≥3 μL of saline elevated P_CSF-ISO by ~30%, whereas those of inhibitors of CSF secretion decreased P_CSF-ISO by ~30%. Shh-mediated cerebral wall expansion did not significantly increase P_CSF-ISO. Removal of the brain-surrounding contractile tissues decreased P_CSF-ISO by 80%-90%. We then found that the intraamniotic pressure measured in utero (P_AF-IU) declined from 2000 Pa at E10 to 500 Pa at E15-18 but was always much greater than P_CSF-ISO. Direct measurement of P_CSF in utero (P_CSF-IU) at E13 and E15 coupled with the measurement of P_CSF-ISO under hydrostatic pressure loading to mimic P_AF-IU at various embryonic ages revealed the following relationship: P_CSF-IU = P_CSF-ISO + P_AF-IU.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The P_CSF of mice in utero is influenced by external factors, most strongly by intraamniotic pressure and less strongly by brain-confining tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial highlights","authors":"Paul A. Trainor","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.70049","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Every organism is a model organism for understanding development, evolution, disease, and regeneration, and we have only begun to scratch the surface of the interdisciplinary genetic, molecular, cellular, and developmental mechanisms that regulate these biological processes. These “Highlights” denote exciting advances recently reported in &lt;i&gt;Developmental Dynamics&lt;/i&gt; that illustrate the complex dynamics of developmental biology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“Elp1 function in placode-derived neurons is critical for proper trigeminal ganglion development” by Margaret and Hines and Lisa Taneyhill, &lt;i&gt;DevDyn&lt;/i&gt; 254.6, pp. 494–512. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.749.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cranial sensory nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system and are responsible for relaying sensory information to the central nervous system. The trigeminal (V), epibranchial (geniculate (facial VII)), petrosal (glossopharyngeal IX), and nodose (vagal X) ganglia house neuronal cell bodies and supporting glia of the sensory nerves, which innervate the face, tongue, mouth, and digestive tract. The ganglia are derived from two embryonic cell populations, cranial neural crest and neurogenic placodes, however, the molecules and pathways that mediate reciprocal interactions between them during ganglion development remain poorly understood. Recently, the authors identified Elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 1 (Elp1) as a potential regulator of trigeminal ganglion development, which when perturbed can cause familial dysautonomia, a neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disease. Here the authors characterize the spatiotemporal expression of Elp1 in avian embryos as the trigeminal ganglion initially assembles. &lt;i&gt;Elp1&lt;/i&gt; is expressed in migratory cranial neural crest cells and later in undifferentiated neural crest cells and placode-derived neurons that contribute to the trigeminal ganglion. Knockdown of &lt;i&gt;Elp1&lt;/i&gt; in trigeminal placode cells reveal its critical functions in placode-derived neurons during trigeminal ganglion development, providing additional insight into the etiology of trigeminal nerve deficits in familial dysautonomia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“Spatiotemporal distribution of neural crest cells in the common wall lizard &lt;i&gt;Podarcis muralis&lt;/i&gt;” by Robin Pranter and Nathalie Feiner, &lt;i&gt;DevDyn&lt;/i&gt; 254.6, pp. 551–567. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.758. Neural crest cells are a migratory cell population considered unique to vertebrates and fundamentally important for their evolution and variation. Reptiles which comprise ~12,000 species, are renowned for their numerous morphological adaptions, many of which are neural crest cell derived, which have facilitated their radiation and adaption to nearly every ecological niche on the plant. Hence there is considerable interest in the evolutionary origins of neural crest cells and while studies in squamates have increased our understanding of neural crest cell specification, migration, and differentiation across vertebrates, evolutionary changes in neura","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":"254 6","pages":"476-477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvdy.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA repair during embryonic epidermal stratification.","authors":"Fumiya Meguro, Katsushige Kawasaki, Yoshito Kakihara, Maiko Kawasaki, Makoto Fukushima, Finsa Tisna Sari, Vanessa Utama, Alex Kesuma, Jun Nihara, Takehisa Kudo, Akira Fujita, Kaya Ichikawa, Kazuaki Osawa, Takeyasu Maeda, Koichi Tabeta, Makio Saeki, Atsushi Ohazama","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Genomes are constantly exposed to a myriad of DNA-damaging agents. Robust DNA repair mechanisms protect DNA by removing or tolerating damage. However, it remains unclear whether these mechanisms are required for organogenesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple epithelial layers are essential for skin function, including body protection. The epidermis is initiated as a single layer and then stratifies in utero. Stratification did not occur in mice with epithelial conditional deletion of the DNA repair molecule Reptin (Reptin^fl/fl;K14Cre). DNA damage was observed in the mutant epidermis but not in the wild-type epidermis. The mutant epidermis also showed reduced cell proliferation and upregulated p53 expression. Stratification was restored when p53 was deleted in the Reptin mutant mice by generating Reptin and p53 double mutant mice (Reptin^fl/fl;K14Cre;p53^-/-).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the wild-type epidermis, DNA is likely damaged at the initiation of embryonic stratification and promptly repaired by DNA repair mechanisms involving Reptin.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}