Developmental Dynamics最新文献

{"title":"Heterozygous Med13l mice recapitulate a developmental growth delay and craniofacial anomalies seen in MED13L syndrome.","authors":"Anna K Leinheiser, Timothy T Nguyen, Kayla M Henry, Mariela Rosales, Eric Van Otterloo, Chad E Grueter","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70079","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gene transcription is crucial for embryo and postnatal development and is regulated by the Mediator complex. Mediator is comprised of four submodules, including the kinase submodule (CKM). The CKM consists of MED13, MED12, CDK8, and CCNC. In mammals, there are paralogs for CKM components, including MED13L, MED12L, and CDK19. Neurological disorders have been associated with mutations in CKM genes including MED13L syndrome. MED13L syndrome is generally characterized as a haploinsufficiency of MED13L with a broad phenotypic response due in part to a wide range of de novo mutations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We developed a Med13l heterozygous (HET) mouse model with an exon 11 deletion to evaluate whether Med13l HET mice are a viable research tool to study human phenotypes. We characterized our mouse model using growth, cardiovascular, and skeletal readouts. We observed Med13l HET mice are smaller than wildtype (WT) littermates, and over 60% of them exhibited one of two craniofacial anomalies: a pug snout with midface hypoplasia or a crooked snout. We also observed discontinuous squamosal sutures in a subset of our Med13l HETs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Med13l HET mice recapitulate MED13L syndrome phenotypes including a developmental growth delay and craniofacial anomalies. Med13l HET mice represent a novel research tool for MED13L syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial highlights","authors":"Paul A. Trainor","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.70075","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Every organism is a model organism for understanding development, evolution, disease, and regeneration, and we have only begun to scratch the surface of the interdisciplinary genetic, molecular, cellular, and developmental mechanisms that regulate these biological processes. These “Highlights” denote exciting advances recently reported in &lt;i&gt;Developmental Dynamics&lt;/i&gt; that illustrate the complex dynamics of developmental biology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Signaling in Organogenesis.&lt;/b&gt; “The synergistic link between sonic hedgehog signaling pathway and gut–lung axis: Its influential role toward chronic obstructive pulmonary disease progression” by Nidhi Mahajan, Vishal Chopra, Kranti Garg, and Siddharth Sharma.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive heterogeneous lung disease characterized by obstructive airflow due to the abnormalities of bronchitis and alveoli. The etiology and pathogenesis of COPD is however, poorly understood due to the complexity of the multitude of mechanisms involved, including gene–environment interactions, abnormal lung development, lung dysfunction, psychological distress, muscle dysfunction, and other comorbid diseases. Smoking is a key driver of the pathogenesis of COPD via the aberrant activation of SHH signaling which regulates epithelial and mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the airways. This review describes the role of SHH signaling during lung development and its dysregulation in association with the clinical features of COPD pathogenesis. The authors also link the effects of nicotine on SHH signaling and discuss a surprising link between microbiota and the gut–lung axis on COPD pathogenesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tooth Development.&lt;/b&gt; “Endocytosis mediated by megalin and cubilin is involved in enamel development” by Aijia Wang, Yangxi Chen, Xinye Zhang, Ming Liu, Shumin Liu, Renata Kozyraki, and Zhi Chen.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Amelogenesis is the process of forming tooth enamel, a highly mineralized tissue. Amelogenesis consists of a secretory stage and maturation stage, and endocytosis of enamel matrix proteins by ameloblasts during the maturation stage is critical for the mineralization of enamel. This study set out to discover the receptors that mediate endocytosis of enamel matrix proteins. Megalin and cubilin, two known endocytic receptors, are expressed by ameloblasts in mouse incisors and molars during the secretory and maturation stages of amelogenesis, but megalin was more specifically localized to the vesicle structures in an ameloblast lineage cell line. Inhibition of megalin and cubilin by receptor-associated protein (RAP) resulted in reduced the absorption of amelogenin, illustrating their key roles in amelogenesis. Megalin and cubilin function in the recycling of amelogenin during the maturation stage of amelogenesis and may contribute to the subsequent mineralization of mature enamel.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;WNT Signaling and the Evolution of Multicellularity.&lt;/b&gt; “β-Catenin localization ","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":"254 9","pages":"1016-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvdy.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell sequencing reveals potential novel insights into appendage-patterning and joint-development in a spider.","authors":"Brenda I Medina-Jiménez, Graham E Budd, Ralf Janssen","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Jointed appendages represent one of the key innovations of arthropods, and thus understanding the development and evolution of these structures is important for the understanding of the evolutionary success of Arthropoda. In this paper, we analyze a cell cluster that was identified in a previous single-cell sequencing (SCS) experiment on embryos of the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. This cell cluster is characterized by marker genes that suggest a role in appendage patterning and joint development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed the expression profiles of these marker genes showing that they are expressed in the developing appendages and in a pattern that suggests a potential function during joint development. Several of the investigated genes represent new and unexpected factors such as dysfusion (dysf), spätzle3 (spz3), seven-up (svp). In order to study their evolutionary origin, we also investigated orthologs of the identified appendage-patterning genes in the harvestman Phalangium opilio, a distantly related chelicerate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our work highlights the usefulness of SCS experiments for the identification of potential new genetic factors that are involved in specific developmental processes. The current data provide potential new insights into the gene regulatory networks that underlie arthropod joint development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The establishment, maintenance, and breaking of symmetry","authors":"Paul A. Trainor","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.70067","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The word symmetry is a derivative of &lt;i&gt;symmetria&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;symmetros&lt;/i&gt; in Latin and Greek, meaning to have agreement in dimensions, proportion, and arrangement. The correct development of multicellular organisms depends on the establishment of symmetry both at the whole-body level and within individual tissues and organs. In biology, symmetry comes in many forms and is associated with beauty and functional necessity, which can have evolutionary or fitness advantages. Starfish are a classic example of radial symmetry, which can be halved in any plane to produce identical parts. In contrast, bilateral symmetry is defined by a single plane that divides an organism into two identical mirror-image halves. This is typical of the majority of animals on Earth, such as butterflies, for example. It would therefore be convenient to think of symmetry as a natural state for vertebrates and their embryos. However, there is also considerable evolutionary pressure to develop asymmetry in structures with high complexity, which drives variation, diversification, and adaptation. The breaking of symmetry is therefore also a fundamental feature of normal vertebrate development and is necessary to establish the anterior–posterior, dorsal–ventral, and left–right axes of the body plan. But how is symmetry established and maintained, and what are the evolutionary and developmental consequences of repeatedly breaking symmetry? Defining the mechanisms that establish, maintain, and break symmetry is fundamental to an improved understanding of development, evolution, and disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This Special Issue on “The Establishment, Maintenance and Breaking of Symmetry” contains a diverse selection of articles that explore some of the basic mechanisms that break symmetry during anterior–posterior axis formation and left–right patterning, including morphological structures such as the node and cilia, and the molecular pathways that drive asymmetric signaling, particularly the Nodal pathway. Asymmetry is a frequent feature of developmental disorders and the development and application of new tools for quantifying asymmetry can help reveal the genetic and environmental factors that drive the establishment, maintenance, and breaking of symmetry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Breaking radial symmetry to establish anterior–posterior axis formation is a key developmental step in vertebrate gastrulation. The transient longitudinally oriented primitive streak is representative of the emerging anterior–posterior axis of birds and mammals. Pre-gastrulation pig embryos develop as a flat disc, the ancestral form of amniotes, and in this study,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Ploger and colleagues explore the expression and possible evolutionarily conserved function of &lt;i&gt;Eomes&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Tbx6&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Wnt3&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Pkdcc&lt;/i&gt; in anterior–posterior axis formation. Similarities in expression patterns in pig embryos as compared to rabbit provide the first evidence for equivalence in the number of transient axial domains. ","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":"254 8","pages":"884-886"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvdy.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible role of microtubules in vesicular transport of matrix protein during sea urchin larval biomineralization.","authors":"Areen Qassem, Tsvia Gildor, Smadar Ben-Tabou de-Leon","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biomineralization is a vital biological process through which organisms produce mineralized structures such as shells, skeletons, and teeth. Microtubules are essential for biomineralization in various eukaryotic species; however, their specific roles in this process remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we investigated the structure and function of microtubule filaments and their co-localization with matrix and focal adhesion proteins during the elongation of the calcite spicules of the sea urchin larva. First, we show that inhibiting microtubule polymerization using Nocodazole in whole embryos and isolated skeletogenic cell cultures results in a significant reduction of skeletal growth and affects skeletal morphology. Next, we demonstrate that microtubule filaments elongate from around the skeletogenic nuclei to the biomineralization compartment where they overlap with active focal adhesion kinase. The expression of spicule matrix proteins overlaps with microtubule filaments around the nuclei and with microtubule filaments that elongate to the spicule cavity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We propose that vesicles bearing matrix proteins are trafficked on microtubules to the spicule cavity where their exocytosis is assisted by focal adhesions. The role of microtubules in biomineralization from unicellular algae to human bones suggests that the proposed microtubule-guided vesicle transport into the biomineralization compartment could be a common mechanism in Eukaryotes' biomineralization.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of novel genes regulating the development of the palate.","authors":"Ashwin Bhaskar, Sophie Astrof","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) has generated thousands of knockout mouse lines, many of which exhibit embryonic or perinatal lethality. Using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), the IMPC has created and publicly released three-dimensional image data sets of embryos from these lethal and subviable lines. In this study, we leveraged this data set to screen homozygous null mutants for anomalies in secondary palate development. We analyzed optical sections from 2987 embryos at embryonic days E15.5 and E18.5, representing 484 homozygous mutant lines.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>Our analysis identified 44 novel genes implicated in palatogenesis. Gene set enrichment analysis highlighted biological processes and pathways relevant to palate development and uncovered 18 genes jointly regulating the development of the eye and the palate. These findings present a valuable resource for further research, offer novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying palatogenesis, and provide important context for understanding the etiology of rare human congenital disorders involving malformations of the palate and other organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole tissue imaging of cellular boundaries at sub-micron resolutions for deep learning cell segmentation: Applications in the analysis of epithelial bending of ectoderm.","authors":"Sam C P Norris, Jimmy K Hu, Neil H Shubin","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To understand cellular morphology, biologists have relied on traditional optical microscopy of tissues combined with tissue clearing protocols to image structures deep within tissues. Unfortunately, these protocols often struggle to retain cell boundary markers, especially at high enough resolutions necessary for precise cell segmentation. This limitation affects the ability to study changes in cell shape during major developmental events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We introduce a method that preserves cell boundary markers and matches the refractive index of tissues with water. This technique enables the use of high-magnification, long working distance water-dipping objectives that provide sub-micron resolution images. We subsequently segment individual cells using a trained neural network segmentation model. These segmented images facilitate quantification of cell properties of the entire three-dimensional tissue. As a demonstration, we examine mandibles of transgenic mice that express fluorescent proteins in their cell membranes and extend this technique to a non-model animal, the catshark, investigating its dental lamina and dermal denticles-invaginating and evaginating ectodermal structures, respectively. This technique provides insight into the mechanical environment that cells experience during developmental transitions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pipeline, named MORPHOVIEW, provides a powerful tool to quantify in high throughput the 3D structures of cells and tissues during organ morphogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptozotocin induced hyperglycemia in the axolotl.","authors":"Pernille Lajer Sørensen, Anita Dittrich, Henrik Lauridsen","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes is a group of diseases characterized by loss of β cell mass and/or function, resulting in hyperglycemia. With no established curative treatment, this has initiated research in β cell regeneration. Current animal models have either limited regenerative capacity (mice) or small size and evolutionary distance from humans (zebrafish). There is a need for new models to study endogenous regeneration pathways. This study proposes the axolotl salamander (Ambystoma mexicanum) as a model for studying the regeneration of β cells and aims to establish a protocol for STZ-induced hyperglycemia to mimic a diabetic state.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this pilot study, five streptozotocin (STZ) protocols were tested, and the most effective one was identified on the basis of glucose tolerance tests. Blood glucose levels were monitored to track both disease progression and remission. Histological examination of the pancreas and systemic effects of STZ treatment were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Induction of a diabetes-like state (hyperglycemia) in axolotls was possible with STZ, but variability among animals suggests the need for a higher degree of normalization or larger sample sizes. Histological regeneration was not observed, though blood glucose levels normalized over time. Some STZ-treated animals developed edema, but its cause remains unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pancreatic injury induces β-cell regeneration in axolotl.","authors":"Connor J Powell, Hani D Singer, Ashley R Juarez, Ryan T Kim, Elane Kim, Duygu Payzin-Dogru, Aaron M Savage, Noah J Lopez, Kara Thornton, Steven J Blair, Adnan Abouelela, Anita Dittrich, Stuart G Akeson, Miten Jain, Jessica L Whited","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes is a condition characterized by a loss of pancreatic β-cell function, which results in the dysregulation of insulin homeostasis. Using a partial pancreatectomy model in axolotl, we aimed to observe the pancreatic response to injury.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here we show a comprehensive histological characterization of pancreatic islets in axolotl. Following pancreatic injury, no apparent blastema-like structure was observed. We found a significant, organ-wide increase in cellular proliferation post-resection in the pancreas compared to sham-operated controls. This proliferative response was most robust at the site of injury. Further, an increase in nuclear density was observed, suggesting compensatory congestion as a mechanism of regeneration. We found that β-cells actively contributed to the increased rates of proliferation upon injury. β-Cell proliferation manifested in increased β-cell mass in injured tissue at 2 weeks post-injury. At 4 weeks post-injury, we found organ-wide proliferation to be extinguished while proliferation at the injury site persisted, corresponding to pancreatic tissue recovery. Similarly, total β-cell mass was comparable to sham after 4 weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest a non-blastema-mediated regeneration process takes place in the pancreas, by which pancreatic resection induces whole-organ β-cell proliferation without the formation of a blastemal structure. This process is analogous to other models of compensatory congestion in axolotl.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12412420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial highlights","authors":"Paul A. Trainor","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.70057","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.70057","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Every organism is a model organism for understanding development, evolution, disease, and regeneration, and we have only begun to scratch the surface of the interdisciplinary genetic, molecular, cellular, and developmental mechanisms that regulate these biological processes. These “Highlights” denote exciting advances recently reported in &lt;i&gt;Developmental Dynamics&lt;/i&gt; that illustrate the complex dynamics of developmental biology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“Neural induction: New insight into the default model and an extended four-step model in vertebrate embryos” by Mohsen Saghal, &lt;i&gt;DevDyn&lt;/i&gt; 254.7, pp. 785-811, https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.70002. Neural induction is the process by which naive or uncommitted ectodermal cells differentiate into neural progenitor cells and ultimately give rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems. In vertebrates, this is thought to involve the inhibition of BMP signaling, mediated by the underlying mesoderm. Neural differentiation was therefore considered the default fate of naïve ectoderm unless instructed to acquire an epidermal cell fate in the presence of BMP signaling. However, both FGF signaling activation and Wnt inhibition were subsequently found to be required to suppress the BMP signaling, leading to a “pro-FGF” model of neural induction. This review highlights historical and recent findings that elucidate the mechanism of neural induction in vertebrates, and the author proposes a more refined four-step Activation, Stabilization, Transformation, and Elongation model of neural induction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“Urodele amphibian newt bridges the missing link in evo-devo of the pancreas” by Ryosuke Morozumi, Kazuko Okamoto, Eriko Enomoto, Yuta Tsukamoto, Mitsuki Kyakuno, Nanoka Suzuki, Ichiro Tazawa, Nobuaki Furuno, Hajime Ogino, Yasuhiro Kamei, Masatoshi Matsunami, Shuji Shigenobu, Kenichi Suzuki, Hitoshi Uemasu, Noriyuki Namba, and Toshinori Hayashi, &lt;i&gt;DevDyn&lt;/i&gt; 254.7, pp. 812-828. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.763. The pancreas in mammals, performs an exocrine function by producing pancreatic juice containing various digestive enzymes, and an endocrine function, by producing several hormones that regulate blood glucose levels. The acquisition of an endocrine function occurred during the fish to amphibian transition, highlighting the evolutionary significance of amphibians in pancreas development. To date, most studies on amphibian pancreas development and physiology have centered on anurans, and most notably &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt;. By comparison, pancreas development and function in urodeles, such as newts, remains underexplored. This study investigated the development of the pancreas in the urodele, &lt;i&gt;Pleurodeles waltl&lt;/i&gt;, revealing that the pancreas in the newt comprises a single organ with exocrine tissue characterized by acinar structures and endocrine tissue forming islets. Furthermore, the newt possesses unique pancreas-like tissues on their intestines. Thus, the newt pancreas exhibits a morphology similar to that of the mamma","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":"254 7","pages":"783-784"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvdy.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}