Functional significance of earthworm clitellum in regulating the various biological aspects of cell survival and regeneration.

Abstract

Earthworms are a highly abundant species in nature, with nearly 7000 different species being discovered. Despite the similarities in morphology among earthworm species, their regeneration capabilities vary based on the clitellum. The clitellum plays a crucial role in the clitellum-dependent worms, as it is involved in the processes of regeneration and reproduction in earthworms. The fascinating characteristic of the clitellum, which serves as a hub for stem cells in clitellum-dependent worms, plays a crucial role in various biological processes that require further exploration. This review focuses on the overall physiological functions and uncovers the lesser-known roles of the clitellum that have been documented in various research articles. In recent times, numerous studies have been conducted using the earthworm model to explore various areas. In that regard, the clitellum's different roles in regulating and controlling stem cells, the regeneration process, regulation of organogenesis, stress response, aging, autotomy, and various features have been briefly discussed. Ultimately, we emphasized the unique and versatile role of the clitellum in the animal model, making it an ideal choice for studying development, regeneration, stem cells, organogenesis, toxicology, autotomy, and aging response.