Contemporary era最新文献

{"title":"MILITARY DISTRICT \"HOVERLIA\" OF THE UKRAINIAN INSURGENT ARMY DURING THE GERMAN OCCUPATION (1943-1944)","authors":"","doi":"10.33402/nd.2020-8-28-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2020-8-28-45","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, the article describes the formation and activities of the military district of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UIA) \"Hoverlia\" in the territory of the Stanislav region during the German occupation. It is shown that the military district started to be created in December 1943, at the same time Ivan Beleiovych-\"Dzvinchuk\" was appointed its first commander. The \"Hoverlia\" military district was formed based on the Ukrainian People's Self-Defense (UNS), which worked in the Stanislav region's territory during 1943, thus showing that it is a continuation of the Ukrainian liberation movement in the Stanislav region. The \"Hoverlia\" military district was being built on the territory where the underground OUN network operated for a long time. Therefore, the military district could rely on it if necessary. The \"Hoverlia\" military district was subordinate to the UIA-West General Military District, that is, to execute its orders. It is shown that according to orders and instructions issued by the UIA-West Regional Military Staff, the \"Hoverlia\" military district had to build its headquarters, set up a printing business, set up lines of communication, prepare reserve camps for UIA departments, and establish lines, delivering insurgent supplies, providing the insurgents with weapons, ammunition, food, and clothes. All the disunited OUN members had to go to the UIA and be trained there; the insurgent ranks had to be cleared of unreliable elements. The UIA divisions had to control the Carpathian and Subcarpathian forests. The formation and number of \"sotnias\" and \"kurins\" of the UIA are shown. Particular attention is paid to the UIA officers' and sub-officers' schools where recruits were trained, the programs for ordinary soldiers, and candidates for officers and sub-commanders. Special attention was paid to German and Hungarian occupation forces in the territory of the Stanislav region. The fight of Ukrainian insurgents against German and Hungarian troops, red partisans, and Soviet paratroopers is covered.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Military district of UIA \"Hoverlia\", UIA, UNS, German invaders, Hungarian troops, red partisans, Soviet paratroopers, front.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131114700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE «UKRAINIAN HOMELAND SERVICE» IN THE DISTRICT OF HALYCHYNA (1941–1944)","authors":"Andrii Aftanas","doi":"10.33402/nd.2022-10-116-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2022-10-116-126","url":null,"abstract":"The features of the «Ukrainian Homeland Service» functioning within the District of Halychyna are examined. Activities of the mentioned organization were part of the single occupation political course, where the local population had to play the role of the cheap labor force. Analyzed the internal structure of the division, and its hierarchical component. The establishment of a separate construction service for Ukrainians was aimed at aggravating inter-ethnic tensions with the Poles and inciting the confrontation between the two nations. \u0000The construction unit «Ukrainian Homeland Service» played a significant role in the economic matters of local governance and the implementation of several infrastructure projects. Despite the active propaganda and recruitment campaigns held by the occupation authorities, the residents of the District showed no interest in joining this body. Their unwillingness was caused by several factors, of special importance being oppressive living conditions in the camps, hard toil, and brutality of supervisors. Avoidance of service in the Ukrainian Homeland Service has become a priority to the young people of Halychyna, who resorted to desertion and looked for legal ways to postpone their recruitment by the construction service. \u0000The measures taken by the authorities to revive the loyal attitude of the local population failed since simultaneously continued to function a wide network of penal camps to which violators were sent. Therefore, the number of construction service units was decreasing quickly, until they ceased to exist.\u0000\u0000Keywords\u0000Ukrainian Homeland Service, District of Halychyna, Baudienst, occupation policy, «the New Order»","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129047666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MYKHAILO SOROKA IS A MORAL SYMBOL OF FIGHTERS FOR FREEDOM OF UKRAINE 1940–1980S","authors":"Y. Zaytsev","doi":"10.33402/nd.2019-7-234-243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2019-7-234-243","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the history of the Ukrainian national liberation movement of the 20th century involves explaining not only global processes and milestones, but, crucially, the role of specific figures in this movement in the context of real-time political circumstances and social changes. The proposed article is based on a sufficiently wide source base, first of all, on documents of the Soviet special services, mostly unpublished. The author considers his task to show the spiritual and ideological integrity of the character of Mykhailo Soroka, his high intelligence, thorough education, European thinking, his leadership qualities, firmness in defending his views and ignoring the insidious KGB temptations, a talent of the organizer, tolerance in comradely relations, self-initiation to the majestic prospect of creating an independent democratic Ukrainian state.\u0000\u0000An important component of M. Soroka's personal life was his marriage to a well-known member and regional leader of OUN Kateryna Zarytska. A brief account of her unique biography fails to outline the multifaceted nature and tragedy of this person's selfless. However, it clearly illustrates the anti-humanity of the Bilshovyk-communist regime.\u0000\u0000M. Soroka's speech at the trial of 1953 in Syktyvkar deserves special attention. It was an indictment of the Soviet regime. He stressed that every nation has the right to a dignified life with \"full freedom of conscience, thought, speech and assembly.\" Moreover, he can get it only in an independent state. Soroka considered the ancestry of disobedience and a sense of justice as an instrument of achieving this aim. He stated that \"if we are not attacked, we certainly do not need to defend ourselves.\"\u0000Keywords: Soroka, Zarytska, arrest, court, detention, OUN-North, uprising, independent Ukraine, rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134365123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIRECTIONS OF STEPAN HAIDUCHOK'S ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE UKRAINIAN GYMNASTICS SOCIETY «SOKIL-BATKO» IN LVIV (1910-1914)","authors":"A. Sova","doi":"10.33402/nd.2021-9-237-252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2021-9-237-252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125725429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE IDEOLOGICAL CONFRONTATION OF UKRAINIAN FOREIGN AND SOVIET RESEARCHERS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THE OUN ACTIVITIES","authors":"Nataliia Nadurak","doi":"10.33402/nd.2019-7-124-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2019-7-124-149","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the level and features of research of OUN activities in the 1930–1940s by Ukrainian foreign and Soviet historiography. A historiographical reflection and comparative analysis of works on this problem are carried out, the methodological and ideological confrontation of Ukrainian foreign and Soviet authors is described. The author describes the debatable, the least researched issues and concludes that in the Soviet historiography regarding the Ukrainian nationalist movement, an \"image of the enemy\" was formed, events were falsified. It was summed up that the generally accepted statements among Soviet historians were charges of the OUN leadership in collaboration with the German intelligence and the Polish government, as well as allegations of leading influence on the OUN of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC). It is emphasized that the Soviet authors introduced the documentary sources of the Soviet special services into scientific circulation, in which many facts of the population's cooperation with the OUN and information about its activity in Western Ukraine were presented. A large number of historical works on this issue underscore its significance and relevance in the 1950-1980s. The author finds that the first in-depth study of various aspects of the activities of the OUN and the creation of a significant scientific heritage are the main achievements of the Ukrainian foreign historiography on this issue. At the same time, she notes that, from a methodological point of view, these researches were on the border between memoirs and historical studies since they were influenced by authors' affiliation with a particular group of the Ukrainian nationalist movement. It is pointed out that the specifics of a significant part of Ukrainian foreign publications was the material politicization, the deliberate concealment of unfavorable problems, and facts. However, Ukrainian foreign historians proved that in the 1930-1950s, the Ukrainian nationalist movement, which gained unprecedented development and popularity, was a significant political force in Western Ukraine. The memoirs of participants of the liberation movement, which became an important achievement of Ukrainian foreign historiography, are analyzed. The author concludes that both Ukrainian foreign and Soviet historiography were active representatives of the confrontation of competing political systems, and their research do not meet the criteria of science.\u0000Keywords: foreign historiography, Soviet historiography, modern Ukrainian historiography, Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, Ukrainian nationalist movement.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124810454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRECONDITIONS AND CAUSES OF THE RUSSIAN-GEORGIAN ARMED CONFLICT: A VIEW OF UKRAINIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY","authors":"Yulia Livinska","doi":"10.33402/nd.2021-9-226-236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2021-9-226-236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125317679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"READING AS A «SERIOUS» LEISURE ACTIVITY OF RURAL TEACHERS OF HALYCHYNA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY","authors":"Oksana Hodovanska","doi":"10.33402/nd.2022-10-185-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2022-10-185-190","url":null,"abstract":"The leisure time of rural teachers in Halychyna in Soviet times has been studied, taking into account the main conditions that determined it. It was found that the socio-economic actuality of Soviet reality, living in rural areas, traits of teacher's labor, cultural traditions of society and its intellectual inquiry, and personal aspirations or preferences were the governing conditions for the formation of teachers’ leisure time. Special attention was paid to reading as a way of spending teachers’ free time after their professional, family, or household responsibilities. Oral-historical narratives recorded with former teachers in the villages of Lviv and Ternopil regions, unpublished cases of the departments of Soviet education of Ivano-Frankivsk and Lviv regional archives, and published documents of the Soviet period are analyzed.\u0000\u0000The «serious» teachers’ leisure pastime is stated – it is reading art books and Soviet periodicals, watching movies in rural clubs, participating, and most often organization of themed holidays, evenings, and concerts. It is concluded that the boundaries between teachers' free time and their professional, family, or household responsibilities are blurred.\u0000\u0000The leisure time of teachers was «professionalized», put it otherwise it acquired the features of a «supplement» to work and preparation for it. The choice of possibilities for its holding depended on their professional activities and their social «loads».\u0000\u0000It is proved that the construct of «leisure time» was one of the Soviet social policy and social engineering elements. Soviet social engineering aimed not only to guide, control, or intimidate people by using a variety of approaches but also to fill their free time most effectively. Soviet social engineering embodied the concept of «culture» with its ideological content in the formation of the Soviet «lifestyle». One of the common practices of «culture» was reading.\u0000\u0000Keywords\u0000reading, leisure time, Soviet period, teachers, Halychyna, everyday life.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127336394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEGAL STATUS OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES OF INTERWAR HALYCHYNA","authors":"O. Ruda","doi":"10.33402/nd.2022-10-69-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2022-10-69-80","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigates interwar Poland language legislation, which regulated the legal status of the Ukrainian language in local government bodies of Halychyna. The legal status of the Ukrainian language in the region was determined by the Constitutions of 1921 and 1935, laws, normative acts, and orders of ministries to name a few. An impact of the law «On the state language and the language of governance of the state and administrative authorities» of the Polish Diet from July 31, 1924, on the legal status of the Ukrainian language in self-governing bodies, is analyzed. According to the law, the Polish language was recognized as the state and official language in the administrative institutions of Halychyna, while using Ukrainian was permitted only in the administration of local authorities and local government bodies. As investigated, Ukrainian residents were eligible to apply in their native language and receive a response in the same language from local governing bodies only in Lviv, Stanislaviv, and Ternopil voivodships. In contrast, in the territory of Volyn and Polissia, while being allowed to submit statements or oral appeals in their native language to self-governing bodies, they additionally had to express a request to receive an answer in Ukrainian.\u0000Most of the provisions of the Constitutions of 1921 and 1935, laws, and orders that regulated the use of the Ukrainian language in local government bodies, were not completely implemented, which was primarily because it was Polish officials who headed the local government bodies in Halychyna, and choosing to provide answers in the state or Ukrainian language, was usually decided in favor of the state one.\u0000Keywords\u0000Halychyna, Poland, language legislation, legal status, Ukrainian language, local government bodies.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122280600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UKRAINIANS OR POLES? STRATEGIES FOR THE SURVIVAL OF POLES–SPECIAL SETTLERS IN THE 40–50S OF THE 20TH CENTURY IN A TOTALITARIAN STATE (According to the archives of the Head Offi ce of the Ministry of Internal Aff airs in Lviv region)","authors":"V.Ye. Zaitseva","doi":"10.33402/ukr.2022-36-154-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2022-36-154-169","url":null,"abstract":"Some behavioral strategies for the survival of the Polish population in Western Ukraine in the 40–50s of the 20th century were determined based on the secret documents of the Archives of the Head Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Lviv region. It is outlined that after World War II there was a widespread tendency for Ukrainians to enroll in village councils, to conceal and reticence the Polish nationality. Features of Polish assistance to Ukrainian insurgents are revealed. The reasons for helping Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UIA) soldiers have been clarified: from coercion and family ties to personal choice. It was noted that Poles, suspected by the MGB of «gang involvement» in the UIA, were convicted as Ukrainians. The documents in which their Ukrainian nationality is written are listed. The accounting and personal files of the accused were analyzed in detail.\u0000\u0000Previously unknown biographical episodes of Polish special settlers have been revealed. Their Polish nationality is revealed in the course of the case and accusations are made to dispel suspicions of aiding the OUN. Rehabilitation of Polish ancestry was a strategy for survival in difficult conditions. This was done to avoid deportation to special settlements in Siberia or imprisonment. Further strategies of substantiation of pre-war Polish ancestry in special settlements and their purpose are gradually traced, namely: due to Polish origin from leaving the Soviet Union to Poland, or returning home. It was noted that special settlers were forbidden to return home, but the Soviet authorities allowed them to travel to Poland only based on applications from Polish relatives, despite the documented Polish nationality. Also, the results of these strategies and the fate of special settlers are indicated.\u0000\u0000Keywords\u0000Ukrainians, Poles, nationality, special settlements, survival strategies, Western Ukraine, Poland.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131265232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ORIGIN AND FORMATION OF INFORMATION AND MEDIA STRUCTURES OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN 1991-2014","authors":"Roman Poroniuk, Olha Hapeieva","doi":"10.33402/nd.2022-10-213-223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2022-10-213-223","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the process of formation and transformation of public relations structures in a system of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine: press centers in commands of families and types of troops (forces) of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, press services of operational commands, positions of divisional (brigade), as well as the accompanying process of optimizing the number of military printed periodicals in 1991–2014.\u0000\u0000The main focus is on the study of the source complex of departmental organizational and administrative acts on the activities of public relations structures and documents stored in the personal archives of former employees of the press services of operational commands for the period determined by the chronological framework of scientific intelligence. Most sources were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.\u0000\u0000It has been investigated that Ukraine was one of the first countries of the former USSR to create a system of public relations in its own armed forces, which is evidence of the democratic path of development of our state. It is proved that despite the significant reduction in the number of military media and the constant search for the optimal model of information and media support of military construction activities in Ukraine managed to retain highly qualified journalists and further ensure the implementation of assigned tasks.\u0000\u0000Keywords\u0000Armed Forces of Ukraine, mass media, public relations, military press, media, information war, press service.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128980139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}