Contemporary era最新文献

IVAN BELEIOVYCH («DZVINCHUK», «HAVRYLIV») – SOTNYK OF THE UIA, COMMANDER OF MILITARY DISTRICT 5 «MAKIVKA» 伊万·别列耶维奇(“dzvinchuk”，“havryliv”)-苏联sotnyk，“makivka”第5军区司令员

Contemporary era Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33402/nd.2021-9-284-297

Andrii Nechepurenko

引用次数: 0

THE SOVIET MYTH OF THE «UKRAINIAN PEOPLE’S REUNIFICATION» AS AN IDEOLOGICAL WEAPON AGAINST THE UKRAINIAN LIBERATION MOVEMENT 苏联神话中的“乌克兰人民统一”是反对乌克兰解放运动的意识形态武器

Contemporary era Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33402/nd.2023-11-39-54

H. Vasylchuk, V. Drozdov

{"title":"THE SOVIET MYTH OF THE «UKRAINIAN PEOPLE’S REUNIFICATION» AS AN IDEOLOGICAL WEAPON AGAINST THE UKRAINIAN LIBERATION MOVEMENT","authors":"H. Vasylchuk, V. Drozdov","doi":"10.33402/nd.2023-11-39-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2023-11-39-54","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of the Soviet myth of the «Ukrainian people’s reunification», the article has revealed the enemy image construction and dissemination process, which Soviet propaganda used in the struggle against the Ukrainian liberation movement in the annexed Ukrainian territories. The authors adhere to a contemporary methodological approach to understanding the myth as an ideologically marked narrative, which is the primary communication tool between the political regime and the masses.\u0000\u0000The role of the myth of the «Ukrainian people’s reunification» in the official historical memory’s version and the use of this myth by the Stalinist regime as an alternative to the Ukrainian national idea of unity has been clarified. The transformation of the mythologeme about the enemy in the Soviet official discourse during World War II and the post-war years has been traced. The authors have established that Soviet ideologists directed the image of the internal enemy against the Ukrainian liberation movement, portraying the national powers, which fought for the independence and unity of Ukraine, as betrayers of the Ukrainian people and attributing to them a class nature and dependence on Western states.\u0000\u0000The article has identified the main characteristics of two images of the internal enemy, «Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists» and «Ukrainian-German nationalists», which were constructed in Soviet narratives. Using the example of the party leaders’ proclamations, historical and literary essays, and propaganda articles, authors have described the attempts of the Soviet power to turn the Western Ukrainian community against the Ukrainian liberation movement and to demonstrate the futility of an independent and unity Ukraine idea. The article has also defined various ways of spreading Soviet mythology and the influence of the myth to liquidate the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and enforce ideological campaigns.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125954969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

THE STUDENT RESISTANCE TO THE SOVIET TOTALITARIAN SYSTEM IN WESTERN UKRAINE (1944–1953) 西乌克兰学生对苏维埃极权制度的反抗(1944-1953)

Contemporary era Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33402/nd.2023-11-109-118

V. Starzhets

{"title":"THE STUDENT RESISTANCE TO THE SOVIET TOTALITARIAN SYSTEM IN WESTERN UKRAINE (1944–1953)","authors":"V. Starzhets","doi":"10.33402/nd.2023-11-109-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2023-11-109-118","url":null,"abstract":"The place of student youth in the general picture of the ideological confrontation between the Ukrainian national liberation movement and the Soviet authorities in Western Ukraine in the postwar period is studied. The participation of students of higher educational institutions of the Western Ukrainian region in the movement of Resistance to Stalinist totalitarian system was analyzed. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the analysis of the ideological confrontation between the OUN and the Soviet authorities for influencing the student youth of the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR. In the course of the research, problem-historical, search methods, as well as methods of microhistory and local history were used. The main forms and methods of students’ intellectual resistance to Stalin’s totalitarian regime are determined. The peculiarities of the ideological and educational activity of the OUN among the youth and its opposition to communist education are considered. On the basis of a wide source base, it is substantiated that the Soviet ideology caused the opposition of the most active part of the students of Western Ukrainian higher education institutions. It was studied that the main methods of activity of nationally conscious youth in 1944–1953 varied from individual speeches and expressions of dissatisfaction with the Soviet government to the creation of conspiratorial nationalist organizations and groups. It was determined that underground student structures set themselves the goal of conducting oral anti-Soviet agitation, producing and distributing leaflets and nationalist literature within the walls of universities and among the population, raising the level of knowledge, spreading national education, and in some places, they performed the tasks of the OUN underground in collecting the necessary information. It was established that manifestations of individual disobedience or organized resistance were immediately blocked by the Soviet punitive structures, and bearers of the Ukrainian national idea were subjected to repression.\u0000Keywords\u0000institution of higher education, students, intellectual resistance, propaganda, totalitarian regime, western regions of the Ukrainian SSR, postwar period.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126961665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

THE FIRST RUSSIAN-CHECHEN WAR IN THE OPINION OF THE UKRAINIAN SOCIETY AND POLITICAL ELITE 第一次俄罗斯-车臣战争在乌克兰社会和政治精英看来

Contemporary era Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33402/nd.2021-9-217-225

Pavlo Tkachuk

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READING INTERESTS OF UKRAINIAN YOUTH IN HALYCHYNA IN THE LATE 19th – THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY 十九世纪末至二十世纪初乌克兰青年在哈利奇纳的阅读兴趣

Contemporary era Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33402/nd.2022-10-3-11

Olena Hanusyn

{"title":"READING INTERESTS OF UKRAINIAN YOUTH IN HALYCHYNA IN THE LATE 19th – THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY","authors":"Olena Hanusyn","doi":"10.33402/nd.2022-10-3-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2022-10-3-11","url":null,"abstract":"The study, based on memoirs, analyzes readers' interests, the role of reading, and the culture of reading of Ukrainian youth in the early 20th century. In the memoirs, there are not mentioned all the literature one read during one's studies, but mostly only some individual works. The most readable works and genres have been outlined, including works on Ukrainian literature and history, adventure novels, socialist literature, humorous magazines, and brochures on puberty. Emphasis is placed on the fact that «extracurricular» reading or informal reading had, first of all, a self-educational goal, in those areas that were of interest to young people or those that were not taught in schools, i.e. satisfied intellectual needs. Foreign literature was read mainly in Polish translations. An essential group of authors read by high school students were Polish classics A. Mickiewicz, J. Slovatsky, J. Kraszewski, and G. Mickiewicz, who were also included in the school curriculum. The most often mentioned in memoirs Ukrainian writers were T. Shevchenko, P. Kulish, M. Kostomarov, H. Kvitka-Osnovianko, I. Franko.\u0000\u0000Ukrainian youth received books from scientific, public, and private libraries, in pupils' and students' societies, borrowed, and bought very infrequently. The school tried to control students' extracurricular reading by using punishment. If you read a certain genre of literature (mostly radical socialist), you could be expelled from a real school, gymnasium, or university. «Undesirable» literature included satirical works, romance novels, detective stories, and forensics.\u0000\u0000Keywords\u0000readers' interests, literature, high school and university students, Halychyna.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130902570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A FELLOW AMONG FELLOWS: FATHER-MITRAT TITUS VOYNAROVSKY AND HIS ENVIRONMENT 一个人中的一个:父亲米特拉特·提图斯·沃纳罗夫斯基和他的环境

Contemporary era Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33402/nd.2021-9-253-263

O. Pasitska

引用次数: 0

BOGDAN HAVRYLISHYN AND CULTURAL LIFE IN THE POST-WAR DI-PI CAMPS ON THE TERRITORY OF GERMANY (1945–1947) 战后德国境内的迪皮难民营中的波格丹·哈夫里林和文化生活(1945-1947)

Contemporary era Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33402/nd.2023-11-264-276

P.M. Gavrylyshyn

{"title":"BOGDAN HAVRYLISHYN AND CULTURAL LIFE IN THE POST-WAR DI-PI CAMPS ON THE TERRITORY OF GERMANY (1945–1947)","authors":"P.M. Gavrylyshyn","doi":"10.33402/nd.2023-11-264-276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2023-11-264-276","url":null,"abstract":"This study highlights part of the life of the Ukrainian scientist and well-known philanthropist Bohdan Dmytrovych Gavrylyshyn (1926–2016), related to his stay and participation in cultural life in the DP camps on the territory of Germany after the end of the Second World War. An analysis of scientifi c works devoted to the topic of Ukrainian displaced persons in post-war Europe was carried out. Characteristic features of their daily life in the camps, cultural and religious life, household arrangements, establishment of education for children and youth, etc. are highlighted and described. Based on the study of memories and interviews, the important moments of Bohdan Gavrylyshyn’s life in the period under consideration have been established. The important factors that influenced the formation of his personality, worldview, and, accordingly, his further life, were traced and noted. Considerable attention is paid to the general historical picture of events, the number and prevalence of camps in the western occupation zones of Germany and Austria, living conditions in them, international agreements regarding the fate of displaced persons, etc. Acquaintance and integration of young immigrants from different parts of Ukraine is considered. As a plastun, during his stay in the camps for overgrown persons, he joined the «Forest Devils» camp. Already in retirement, he devotes himself to Ukraine, in particular, he became the head of the Regional Plast Council (2006–2008) and created the Plast Development Fund in 2008. The negative phenomena of camp life are also considered, in particular, the risk of repatriation to the USSR, the uncertainty of the future, poor nutrition, insufficient conditions for training, lack of funds, etc. Among the factors that provided certain favorable opportunities for young people, a large percentage of the Ukrainian intelligentsia who had the desire and willingness to open schools stands out. This gave them the opportunity to complete secondary education, which would give them a chance to enter universities in different parts of the world. Bohdan Gavrylyshyn also used this opportunity, later entering a university in Canada.\u0000Keywords\u0000Bohdan Hawrylyshyn, Germany, Bavaria, camps for Displaced Persons, Plast, scouts, culture, gymnasium.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131911107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

THE ORGANIZATION OF UKRAINIAN NATIONALISTS AND THE UKRAINIANINSURGENT ARMY IN THE CONTEXT OF LIBERATION MOVEMENTS: ANATTEMPT OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 解放运动背景下的乌克兰民族主义者组织与乌克兰起义军:比较分析的尝试

Contemporary era Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33402/nd.2019-7-150-177

O. Pahiria

{"title":"THE ORGANIZATION OF UKRAINIAN NATIONALISTS AND THE UKRAINIAN\u0000INSURGENT ARMY IN THE CONTEXT OF LIBERATION MOVEMENTS: AN\u0000ATTEMPT OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS","authors":"O. Pahiria","doi":"10.33402/nd.2019-7-150-177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2019-7-150-177","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the activities of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) through the prism of anti-colonialism theory with the application of the historical-comparative method. Despite the obvious influences of fascism and national-socialism on the OUN ideology and program in the 1930s – early 1940s, the Ukrainian nationalist movement typologically is closer to the category of anti-colonial and national liberation rather than fascist movement. The OUN ideology and program had not been static and dynamically evolved from admiring authoritarian and totalitarian models to the democratic turn in 1943. While on all stages of its activities, the organization pursued one strategic goal and tasks – to fight for Ukraine's independence, to overcome the legacy of foreign rule and colonialism, and to establish a nation-state. The OUN and UPA phenomenon was inherent against the backdrop of similar national liberation and anti-colonial movements in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The article comprises a comparative analysis of ideologies, programs, and the political toolbox of various liberation movements that operates from the common comparative base – the stateless status of the respective nations and their desire to exercise their right to self-determination and to liberate from national subjugation. Most of the liberation movements were radical and practiced violence against their political opponents, and almost all developed a rigid internal discipline and hierarchy. At the same time, such typology does not eliminate all controversial issues surrounding Ukrainian nationalists' history, including the involvement of OUN/UPA members in war crimes and crimes against humanity.\u0000Keywords: the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), liberation movements, colonialism, comparative studies","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133781216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

YEVHEN KONOVALETS AND THE «PROSVITA» 叶夫恩隐藏我们并建议我们

Contemporary era Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33402/nd.2021-9-264-273

I. Khoma, M. Shevchenko

引用次数: 0

RUSSIAN-GEORGIAN WAR OF 2008: REACTION OF UKRAINIAN POLITICUM 2008年俄格战争:乌克兰政治的反应

Contemporary era Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33402/nd.2022-10-198-212

P. Artymyshyn

{"title":"RUSSIAN-GEORGIAN WAR OF 2008: REACTION OF UKRAINIAN POLITICUM","authors":"P. Artymyshyn","doi":"10.33402/nd.2022-10-198-212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2022-10-198-212","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes assessments of Ukraine's political environment regarding the Russian-Georgian war of 2008 – the military conflict between Georgia on the one hand and Russia and the separatist groups of South Ossetia and Abkhazia on the other, the «hot» phase of which fell on August 8–12. It is stated that although Ukrainian and foreign historiographies already have some work on this military confrontation in the Caucasus, in all these cases it is mostly an analysis of the events of August 2008 in Georgia only through the prism of political history with a predominant chronology of the conflict. The main stages of the Russian-Georgian military confrontation in August 2008 and further attempts to resolve it through diplomacy are briefly outlined.\u0000\u0000It was stated that the «hot phase» of the confrontation on the territory of Georgia immediately became the center of attention of Ukrainian politicians. From the first day of the military conflict among Ukrainian political circles, there were two camps – pro-Georgian and pro-Russian – attitudes to which were correlated personal and collective political, ideological, mental, and even pragmatic sympathies, often turning from assessments of the foreign policy situation for disputes and discussions within the country.\u0000\u0000It is noted that the circles close to the then President Viktor Yushchenko took an openly pro-Georgian side, and the Ukrainian head of state himself visited Tbilisi against the background of the threat of Russian occupation in support of his counterpart Mikheil Saakashvili. It is stressed that the neutral attitude to military actions in the Caucasus prevailed among Ukrainian politicians, especially among Prime Ministers Yulia Tymoshenko and Volodymyr Lytvyn, who headed the bloc of the same name in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. It is shown, that representatives of the Party of Regions and the Communist Party of Ukraine took a pro-Russian stance in assessing the military conflict, blaming official Tbilisi for the start of hostilities and supporting the idea of recognizing Russia’s independence after Abkhazia and South Ossetia. It is concluded that despite the presence of such a diverse palette of views, it was not possible to adopt a clear consolidated official position within the walls of the parliament, despite the relevant appeals of Speaker Arsenii Yatseniuk.\u0000\u0000Keywords\u0000Russian Federation, Georgia, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, war, politicum, Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117173834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0