Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021最新文献

{"title":"Aerial Robotic Systems Drones for Contact-Based Ultrasonic Wall Thickness UT Measurements at Height","authors":"Robert L. Dahlstrom","doi":"10.4043/31196-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31196-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The use of aerial robotic systems that physically contact oil and gas structural assets to obtain measurement data in offshore and marine environments carries unique challenges and operational variables. The objectives of this paper are to demonstrate, with examples, how these aerial robotic systems afford safer, cheaper, and better nondestructive testing (NDT) measurement collection methodology and allow more robust insight into assets conditions than the slower, less safe, and more expensive manual method.\u0000 To take NDT measurements such as Ultrasonic Wall Thickness (UT) Measurements at height, currently one needs to utilize a lift, ladders or other solutions to reach areas on certain assets. This can be both dangerous, due to the possibility of falls, and time consuming. Utilizing an aerial robotics platform for contact based (not visual) NDT measurements such as Ultrasonic Thickness (UT) allows workers to remain safely on the ground. Drones, with robotic arms, have the potential to improve inspection, testing and data collection. This paper explores an aerial robotic system that flies up to a structure with a metal sub-straight, then under full autonomous software control, touches a UT measurement probe to the target and records the measurement data compliant with American Petrolium Institute (API) and other standards.\u0000 The use of aerial robotics systems for NDT is still a new and novel application utilizing existing technologies such as electronic measurement readers, drones, etc. with a system of complex integrations that allows for a better application of science. Aerial Robotic NDT systems have the potential to improve the inspection, testing and data collection aspects of coated and uncoated assets, in part, by making the NDT measurement process easier and safer thus allowing for more frequent measurements and/or a larger quantity of measurement samples.\u0000 When possible, working at heights should be eliminated as part the hierarchy of fall protection stipulated by both OSHA and ANSI. For this reason alone, the use of aerial robotic systems is important now and in the immediate future Oil & Gas infrastructure, including Offshore. This paper intends to provide readers an awareness of this new technology as well as provide information about its efficacy, limitations and operational requirements.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88756742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Analysis of Rigid High-Pressure Risers for Seismic Loads","authors":"M. Sonawane, Rohit Vaidya, Hunter Haeberle","doi":"10.4043/31299-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31299-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Typically, the design of all offshore risers focuses on environmental loads i.e. wave loading, wind loads and currents. While these loads are ubiquitous in an offshore environment, accidental loading in the form earthquake induced seismic loads is an important criterion in the design of offshore structures. API RP 2A recommends site-specific studies as a basis for developing the ground motion specification of the design criteria, particularly for sites in areas of high seismicity (Zones 3–5).\u0000 Seismic loads are low probability events in most cases and there isn't enough data in the initial pre-FEED / FEED phase of project to conduct seismic studies on the riser systems. Designers have to rely on past experience, code guidance, and assumptions for design data. In this paper through the means of two (2) case studies for a region prone with high seismic activities, we will demonstrate the challenges of designing rigid High-Pressure Riser Systems for seismic loads. A comparison will be provided for assumed loads based on code guidance and loads derived from preliminary seismic studies. In addition, comparisons will be provided for the final design loads achieved after the detailed platform design. The results will show the risks of relying solely on one source of data in the design process that can imperil the fabrication / procurement process with redesign due to unforeseen loads. Design optimization through proper centralization and other mitigation strategies will be presented for the benefits of future concrete based fixed platform projects.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89101618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Fatigue Performance of Welded Tubular Connections via Flared and Thickened Pipe Ends","authors":"G. Mansour","doi":"10.4043/31165-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31165-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fatigue is a primary challenge in the design of steel catenary risers (SCRs) and different measures and methods are utilized to mitigate it. Traditional upset ends and steel lazy wave risers (SLWRs) are such methods to mitigate fatigue.\u0000 SLWRs were first used in 2009 on the Espirito Santo floating, production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel of Shell Company's Parque das Conchas (BC-10) project offshore Brazil. SLWRs have been used increasingly since then and gained popularity especially in recent years.\u0000 A novel patented tubular connection assembly referred to as Flared Thickened Ends (FTEs) improves the fatigue life of SCRs and welded connections in general. This novel assembly has many advantages. It overcomes the thickness limitation of welding traditional upset ends and reduces offshore welding time, cost, and risk.\u0000 When FTEs are used in simple SCRs, they render simple SCRs a robustly viable alternative at significantly lower cost, shorter schedule, and with many additional advantages as compared to SLWRs. Of the many advantages, simple SCRs are more straightforward to configure, analyze, design, and install using varied installation methods and vessels. Simple SCRs use less materials and offer better long-term integrity, especially for insulated SCRs. In addition, they have a smaller footprint and are less prone to clashing than SLWRs.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78984454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deepwater Riser & Mooring Life Cycle Digital Integrity Management","authors":"D. Renzi, Varadarajan Nadathur, Steve Wong, Michael Zhang, Yong Chen, L. Zarate, S. Fan, D. Ayewah, I. Chakraborty, S. Kucukcoban, Matt Mistric, K. Kurrus","doi":"10.4043/31145-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31145-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 API SC2 has issued integrity management recommended practices to compliment the planning, design and construction standards that has led to a GOM installed base of 50 floating production facilities. Integrity management involves risk-based inspections in which the collection and analysis of characteristic and conditional data determines if integrity can be assured. The challenge to manage unstructured data with the same design and construction approaches yields inefficient and repetitive activities that can be time-consuming and may lead to a less optimal outcome.\u0000 The primary objective of the study is to understand the benefits of utilizing a digitized IM approach which involves high resolution metocean data to determine fatigue damage accumulation for tendons and risers instead of traditional design/assessment methods that use condensed metocean criteria data.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87302477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Use of ROV Remote Operations from Shore in the Gulf of Mexico","authors":"Simao Silva, Blake Terrell, Mark Philip, Nicholas Rouge, Diogenes Angelidis, Julio Sosa, R. Collins, Zain Rauf","doi":"10.4043/31019-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31019-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Oil and gas companies across the spectrum are moving toward digitalization. Leveraging technology to access real-time data has allowed companies to streamline activities and gain operational efficiencies while at the same time improving worker safety by reducing the number of personnel required offshore. This evolution optimizes operations by enabling better decision-making by subject matter experts (SMEs) located around the world working as one interconnected team. Functions once performed exclusively by offshore personnel are being carried out today by onshore workers via remote technology. By capitalizing on the ability to communicate offshore via high-speed internet, it is now possible to carry out ROV operations using a team that includes onshore based personnel.\u0000 A recent project illustrates how ROV activities controlled from an onshore remote operations center in Louisiana were carried out successfully on a production Tension Leg Platform (TLP) in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM).\u0000 The technology used onboard the TLP is not new; operators have been remotely managing a range of functions on offshore assets for years. However, the project does apply this proven approach to ROV piloting operations for the first time commercially in the GoM.\u0000 Transferring ROV control from the offshore platform to a facility onshore is possible using a communication link that connect real-time data from the offshore asset to the onshore remote operations center (OROC). The two-way communications link provides a redundant system in which controls can be executed either from the offshore platform or from the remote operations center, allowing specialized roles that historically have been executed offshore, including that of the ROV pilot, subsea engineer, and company representative directing the work, to be transferred to a land-based team. The increase in data required from the offshore asset for the GoM project was managed via a dedicated link that provided data transfer at a minimum speed of 3 Mbps upload/download with a fail-safe system that automatically default control to the offshore ROV team in case of any failures in the communication link.\u0000 Remotely piloting an ROV from shore and coordinating with an offshore crew not only delivered a reduction in HSE exposure but reduced overall personnel costs on the asset by more than 30% for 24 hours of operations. This approach to ROV operations has the potential to reduce costs by reducing the number of workers required offshore even further if additional staff associated exclusively with the project subsea work scope is directed to work remotely from shore.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"381 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80689798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsea Chemical Storage and Injection- Qualification of HAMPRO 70V Pump","authors":"Brede Thorkildsen, L. McKenzie, S. Følkner, François-Xavier Pasquet, Pierre-Jean Bibet","doi":"10.4043/31172-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31172-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The development of Subsea Chemical Storage & Injection (SCS&I) technology is a continuation of the trend to move more of the hydrocarbon production systems subsea. This is driven by a need to make exploitation of remote resources profitable; unlock single-line long tie-backs and subsea to shore architectures, and to enable tie-ins with otherwise constrained topside infrastructure. The SCS&I System is also a significant contributor to the development of \"All-Electric\" subsea architecture where the umbilical is reduced to a power and communication cable only.\u0000 TechnipFMC https://www.technipfmc.com/ and Total https://www.total.com/en are collaborating to develop and qualify the SCS&I technology components and system.\u0000 In order to make the SCS&I technology competitive and field developments profitable, the reliability of the equipment is paramount. The HAMPRO 70V injection pump is one key component in the system for which high reliability must be ensured.\u0000 The objective of the qualification program is to confirm the adequate performance of the HAMPRO 70V pump in the following areas:\u0000 The reliability of the chemically exposed parts and the impact of chemical fluid cleanliness The reliability of the pump and motor rotating parts and the impact of lubricant performance The reliability of the electrical components The impact of transient behaviour on the pressure compensation system, rotating parts and electrical components\u0000 Due to the similarity of design, smaller versions of the HAMPRO pump will also be qualified by the activities in the program.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82354620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Offshore Structural Analysis Using Response-Based Time-Domain Approach","authors":"J. Kyoung, Sagar Samaria, J. O’Donnell, S. Tallavajhula","doi":"10.4043/31280-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31280-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Demand for life extension assessments of floating offshore platforms continues to grow worldwide. Conventional structural analysis methods have limited ability to accurately capture non-linear environmental loading, non-linear loading by the mooring and riser systems, and resulting higher order hull responses. The uncertainties are typically managed by the factors of safety applied in the structural analysis. Time domain structural analyses have long promised to improve analysis accuracy and reduce these uncertainties. This paper describes a comprehensive and practical time domain structural analysis methodology applied to a deep-water semi-submersible-type floating platform including results for structural strength and fatigue. In addition, the time domain structural analysis was extended for use in fracture mechanics and the assessment of notional weld flaws to facilitate specification of impactful non-destructive examination (NDE).\u0000 Present time domain structural analysis methodology employs a response-based finite element analysis (FEA) conducted in the time domain. All external environmental loads and inertial forces are converted to a response-based stress-time history. Previously, conventional time domain structural analysis involves massive computation resources to resolve solutions at every time interval. Present methodology significantly improves computational efficiency to be practical in real-world problems. The improvement is achieved by decomposing the structural response into a set of multiple load components selected on the bases of function for hull motion response and environmental loadings. Structural response in time domain is directly obtained by synthesizing the load components. An actual time domain structural response is captured effectively and efficiently to simulate the strength and fatigue criterion for the structure with consistent environmental loads and hull responses.\u0000 Utilizing the level of detail provided by the time domain structural analysis methodology, a fracture mechanics evaluation of notional initial flaws (engineering criticality assessments – ECAs) can be conducted providing meaningful technical basis for in-service NDE and life extension assessments. The procedures for fatigue crack growth and fracture documented in BS 7910 were employed to derive the smallest initial flaws (critical initial flaws) that may result in structural failure during a facility's lifetime.\u0000 A comparison indicates that conventional structural analysis methods provide conservative results for both structural strength and fatigue damage calculations resulting from the linear assumption of environmental loads and hull responses. Present time domain structural analysis methodology provides an innovative, cutting-edge approach providing accuracy and fewer uncertainties, which can be pragmatically used during a typical project.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91298486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrophobic Dielectric Sealing Material Enabled Highly Reliable Electrical Connectors for Downhole Data and Power Transmission Application","authors":"Huai-xiao Xia, N. Settles, David DeWire","doi":"10.4043/31288-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31288-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A high-strength dielectric sealing material has been developed for sealing electrical connectors, feedthroughs, bulkheads, and interconnectors. X-ray diffraction analyses have identified that the microstructures of the sealing material could be of amorphous and α-phase mixed morphology, α+β mixed phase, and β-phase dominated tetrahedral microstructure, which primarily depend upon the material processing temperature. The electrical insulation resistance of the β-phase dominated sealing material have nearly two times higher than that of α+β mixed phase sealing material. Both β-phase dominated and α+β mixed phase sealing materials have shown water repelling properties, while amorphous glass phase has shown hydrophilic properties. If a 5,000MΩ insulation resistance is also regarded as baseline for a downhole electrical connector, the maximum operation temperature of α+β mixed phase sealing materials is around 240°C while that of the β-phase dominated sealing material can be up to 300°C. Furthermore, a thermo-mechanical modeling has been developed to quantify if a designed electrical connector has sufficient reliability in the hostile wellbore or downhole environments. The temperature- and pressure-dependent seal compression have suggested that the temperature-related safety factor should be chosen in the range from 2.0 to 5.0 while the pressure-related safety factor should be chosen in the range from 1.5 to 2.0 to ensure 10-20 years electrical connector downhole operating reliability. The qualification tests from prototyped electrical connectors, under 260°C/32,000PSI simulated water-fluid based conditions, have demonstrated that such high-strength sealing material sealed electrical connector could be integrated with logging while drilling (LWD) or/and measurement while drilling (MWD) tools for providing long-term reliable signal, data, and electrical power transmission services, regardless of a water-based or moisture-rich wellbore or/and downhole environment.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"582 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91449318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Offshore Platform Topsides Structural Design: Using Topology Optimization to Generate Novel Design Concept","authors":"Zhongwei Li, Aimin Wang, Jonathan M. Wang, O. Dasilva","doi":"10.4043/31304-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31304-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paper presents topology optimization performed for the concept study of a semi-submersible platform topsides structure. The topsides truss system consisting of I beams carries the equipment payload and the environment loads. The structural weight needs to be reduced in order to maximize the allowable equipment weight, and the structural strength criterion must be satisfied for the harsh ocean environment. Topology optimization is a powerful tool to generate designs that optimally distribute the structural material for the balance between structural weight and strength. A finite-element-based topology optimization method assigns a density value to each structural element and updates this density value using topology optimization algorithms during each design iteration. Elements in the load-transferring path retain high density value at the end cycle and form an efficient structural shape under the given design load conditions and constraints. The topology optimization generated novel and optimal geometric arrangements for the topsides structure. Two corresponding innovative topsides truss concepts were developed. The new topsides designs were compared with an existing benchmark design for the structural weight and strength to demonstrates the advantages of topology optimization over conventional empirical approach for offshore platform topsides structural design. At the same strength level, the novel designs reduced the structural weight significantly. One novel design was selected for practical semi-submersible designs at Exmar Offshore Company.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90685902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Approach to Multiphase Flow Regime Prediction Through Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD","authors":"M. Straw, R. Aglave, Rodolfo Piccioli","doi":"10.4043/31096-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31096-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents recent advances in multiphase modelling methods in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). It uses case studies to show how integration of advanced multiphase modelling approaches can improve the fidelity and realism of simulation of separation and process systems; helping improve design and performance.\u0000 CFD has been widely used to aid the design and operational performance of many separation and multiphase production and process systems; often providing significant insight and performance improvement.\u0000 Traditionally, numerous compromises or simplifications must be made when simulating complex multiphase flows and their transitions within production and separation systems using CFD. For example, the modelling methods applicable to capture gas-liquid or liquid-liquid interface behaviour are not suitable (or practical) to also capture gas columns, liquid films or liquid entrainment phenomena, that may be important to quantifying overall system performance. To accommodate different multiphase phenomena and flow regimes, multiple CFD simulations or approaches have often been required. This can limit the insight or fidelity of a given simulation or, in some cases, mean overall performance cannot be fully quantified (even though useful performance indicators may still be identified).\u0000 Here, the authors present advances in hybrid multiphase modelling and how integration of multiphase modelling approaches enables multiple multiphase flow regimes and their transition to be captured through CFD simulation. The paper will demonstrate how these advances enables simulation of more complex behaviours with increased fidelity.\u0000 Examples, case studies and validation cases are presented demonstrating phenomena including bulk liquid interface break-up, liquid film formation and entrainment of droplets plus their break—up and deposition. The examples will be presented in the context of the improvements possible in simulation fidelity and realism, of multiphase systems, and how this can impact the insight and value gained from CFD simulation in this complex field.\u0000 The work presented shows how new developments and evolution of CFD-based predictions can advance how the industry uses this approach and the value that can be obtained.\u0000 It highlights how integration of the most advanced modelling approaches and methods is key to the next stage of application of CFD to enable better representation of the full range of fluid mechanics that are critical to many separation and multiphase system designs and performance.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74390948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}