Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021最新文献

{"title":"Linear relationships between grain yield and tassel traits in maize","authors":"D. L. Silveira, A. C. Filho, C. A. Wartha, Fernanda Carini, C. T. Bandeira, R. Pezzini, F. M. Somavilla","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p3228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p3228","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to verify the linear relationships between maize grain yield and tassel traits, identify traits for selection through direct and indirect effects over three crop years. Three experiments were performed with 20 maize genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Individual variance analysis showed significant genotype effects for all traits in the three crop years. However, a joint analysis demonstrated a significant genotype effect at 5% error probability for all traits, but branching space length. Furthermore, only the number of secondary branches and tassel branch number did not show significant genotype × crop year interaction. These results revealed a genotype differentiated behavior over the evaluated years, emphasizing the need to evaluate genotypes in more than one crop year. Based on phenotypic and genotypic correlation matrices and path analyses, the number of secondary tassel branches showed a positive linear relationship with grain yield; therefore, it can be used for the indirect selection of maize plants in breeding programs","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90990515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Either embryogenesis or indirect organogenesis in sugarcane: Are we missing the key points?","authors":"Manoel P L Neto, L. R. Vieira, Pedro Vitor Schumache, Mariele Rossato, Luciano Coutinho Silva, F. J. Pereira, R. Paiva, A. C. Junior","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p3082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p3082","url":null,"abstract":"Both in vitro establishment and callogenesis of sugarcane allow a production of quality regenerative material, which is necessary for in vitro clonal propagation and for genetic transformation. In this study, we establish the efficient production of calli from the RB855156, RB92579 and RB867515 cultivars and characterize their regenerative potential in relation to either an embryogenic or an organogenic origin both by morphology and by anatomy. Callogenesis was induced in MS medium with 3.0 mg L-1 2.4-D. Three antioxidants were tested: polyvinylpyrrolidone (150; 300; 600 mg L-1), citric acid (7.5; 15; 30; 60 mg L-1), and ascorbic acid (7.5; 15; 30; 60 mg L-1). The morphological characterization of the calli was performed by visual classification, and the anatomical analyses by light microscopy. The experimental design was completely randomized, containing 150 explants by cultivar to antioxidant evaluations and potential regenerative evaluation within three times of subcultures (84; 112; 140 days). We have attained the key points of our in vitro research. Calli regeneration depended on the oxidation level and genotype. Antioxidants only in the culture medium were not enough to prevent oxidation. However, citric acid (7.5 mg L-1) as a pretreatment of the explant minimized this problem. Bacterial contamination was developed for the three cultivars, inhibiting the establishment to RB867515. The disinfestation protocol was efficient for RB855156 and for RB92579 cultivars. Three varieties of calli differed in the regeneration potential. In addition, histological analysis of the calli unfolded not only that there were structural differences but also that their buds had an organogenic origin","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83086103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft computational techniques to identify cotton leaf damage","authors":"R. F. Caldeira, W. E. Santiago, B. Teruel","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p3256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p3256","url":null,"abstract":"The principal objective of agriculture is the production of a high yield of healthy crops. This yield may be improved by the automatic detection of diseases and the consequent reduction in the use of pesticides. A digital processing system for images was thus developed and used to identify lesions on the leaves of cotton plants. A collection of 60,659 images of sub-metric resolution showing samples of soil and both healthy and damaged leaves was obtained and processed with an algorithm for the extraction of texture from 102x102-pixel samples. Then they analyzed with a neuro-fuzzy classifier trained to discriminate the three types of regions (soil, healthy leaf, and lesioned leaf). The algorithm developed was able to recognize the three classes. It generated a great amount of information on recognition of background which was more consistent than leaf damage areas. Therefore, it surpassed the performance of areas of healthy leaves. A similar trend was found for sensitivity. The overall accuracy of the system was 71.2%, suggesting that the unbalanced data of the different classes had skewed the results of the algorithm, as the number of false positives for the less well represented classes was greater. The analysis of unbalance (F-Score) showed that, independent of the volume of data, the attributes of texture utilized yielded better results for the images containing areas of damage in relation to overall accuracy. Therefore, given the challenges involved in the automatic identification of lesions in agricultural crops, such as variations in illumination, color, and texture, as well as obstruction, overlapping, and complexity of the region of which the image was taken, the behavior of the model was deemed satisfactory. Given the hybrid nature of the model, it should contribute to the state of the art in the use of intelligent systems in agriculture. This algorithm is available at https://github.com/rafaeufg/Cotton-diseases","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73569693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treated municipal wastewater reuse for eggplant irrigation","authors":"M. A. Saab, C. Daou, I. Bashour, Antoun Maacaron, S. Fahed, Dany Romanos, Y. Khairallah, Nada Lebbous, C. Hajjar, Roula Abi Saad, Caroline Ojeil, M. Sellami, Salim Roukoz, M. Salman","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p2711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p2711","url":null,"abstract":"In the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon, the availability of freshwater is limited and therefore farmers must start using alternative water sources such as treated wastewater for irrigating crops. The present study is of great importance, since it provides evidence of some on-farm options that farmers can adopt when irrigating with treated effluent, in order to minimize the health risks. Eggplant was grown under two water quality regimes (Freshwater (FW) and treated wastewater (TW)) and two agronomic practices (no mulch (N_Mu) and use of plastic mulch (Mu)). Treatments were arranged in a split plot design with four replicates. Water quality regime was the main plot factor, while agronomic practices were the subplot factors. Water quality, soil, the marketable yield and other parameters were measured. Fruit samples were evaluated for bacterial contamination. The drip line performance was monitored. The study results revealed that the treatment with treated effluent gave more fruits.m-2, yield and mean fruit weight than the treatment using fresh water irrigation, with an increase of 3.98%, 10.74% and 5.63%, respectively. In addition, the use of mulch (Mu) resulted in an increase in yield (24.23%) and number of fruits (14.11%). Concerning the emitters’ performance and sensitivity to clogging, discharge reduction rate (Rd = 6.75%) for drippers delivering TW was lower than the admissible value of 20% discharge variation, indicating that the quality of water has little effect on emitter performance. Concerning bacterial contamination of fruits, irrigation with treated wastewater showed no contamination in terms of fecal streptococci, salmonella or E. coli. However, the fruits were contaminated with fecal coliforms that were present at a concentration less than 200 CFU.100 g-1. Following the World Health Organization Guidelines, pathogens could be reduced through post treatment health-protection control measures such as drip irrigation, product washing, disinfection and produce peeling","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76243397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural resistance of two mango Mangifera indica L. commercial cultivars to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. Penz. & Sacc","authors":"A. S. Arizpe, M. Cepeda, J. Vázquez, R. G. Velázquez, M. Badillo, A. Bautista","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p3347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p3347","url":null,"abstract":"Mexico ranks first worldwide as the largest mango exporter is one of the more produced tropical fruits worldwide. The need for strategies for the protection of crops, environment and people leads us to investigate disease control methods. The use of resistant cultivars is the most important. In addition, it is advantageous for the producer because it will reduce the cost for disease control. The objective of this research was to evaluate the natural resistance of two mango cultivars against anthracnose, using different spore doses and times of evaluation. The sampling was performed on April 15th, 2018 at an open market placed south of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. Pathogen was isolated from fruits of Tommy Atkins and Ataulfo mango cultivars showing advanced degrees of black spots collected out from at open markets in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. The pathogen purification was done by monoconidial cultures and identification was done with morphocultural criteria. Spore suspension was prepared and inoculated on ripe mango fruits using different doses and disease severity was evaluated 6 and 10 days after inoculation using millimetric sheets. A complete random factorial design of three factors was used, where: factor A stands for mango cultivars (Tommy Atkins and Ataulfo), factor B is treatments and factor C stands for times of evaluation. The results are shown as percentage and data was analyzed with factorial analysis using the SAS® 9.1 software. C. gloeosporioides was identified in mango cultivars; with hyaline conidia of 16.90 to 25.12 µm length and 4.33 to 5.18 µm width. The results show cultivars resistant to anthracnose in the study area. Natural resistance against anthracnose was as 80.00 to 93.67 %, thus, mango cultivars showed a certain resistant degree","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90889436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of different varieties of sugarcane to irrigation levels in the Cerrado","authors":"Elson de Jesus Antunes Júnior, J. A. Junior, Carolina Carvalho Rocha Sena, D. Casaroli, A. W. P. Evangelista, R. Battisti","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p2978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p2978","url":null,"abstract":"The Cerrado is under full expansion of sugarcane cultivation. However, the climate of this biome limits the production of sugarcane due to a marked water deficit. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate different varieties of sugarcane in two cultivation cycles in response to irrigation levels in the Cerrado. The experiment was conducted in Goiânia-GO, Brazil, from March 2016 to March 2018, during the cycles of plant-cane and ratoon cane in pots. The experiment was completely randomized in a 5 x 6 factorial design. The treatments were five varieties of sugarcane (RB867515, CTC11, SP860042, IAC873396, and IAC911099) and six levels of supplementary irrigation (100, 80, 60, 40, 20 and 0% of the ETc determined by weighing lysimeter), and four replications. Eight biometric analyses were performed 45 days apart. At the end of each cycle, the quality of the raw material was determined through technological analysis. At the initial development phase (between March and August), when growth is low, we found that it is better to use an irrigation level that provides at least 40% of ETc, since the Cerrado environment does not increase sugarcane height. At the growth phase (between September and March), there is active growth corresponding to 74% of the cane's height. Therefore, the ideal irrigation is that at least 80% of the ETc be provided at the growth stage to support the sugarcane to reach a maximum growth and consequently favorable technological indexes. The supplementary irrigation level of 60% of ETc accelearted the process of maturation of sugarcane for a 12-month cycle. We conclude that the level of supplementary irrigation using greater technical viability for the cultivation of sugarcane in the Cerrado is 60% of the ETc. The varieties most adapted to this production environment are RB867515 and IAC873396","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"PC-26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84854293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fruit development of groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.) in dryland","authors":"D. N. Sholehah, S. Hariyanto, H. Purnobasuki","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p3318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p3318","url":null,"abstract":"Physalis angulata are widespread in the tropics with high bioactive compounds and pharmacological effects. This paper aims to identify the stages of fruit development and changes in physicochemical properties to provide comprehensive data on optimal fruit utilization. This study used CM 1 accession found in Madura Island with purplish stems and fruit peels. After 30 days of cultivation, the plant was transplanted into a polybag containing red Mediterranean soil and manure (5:1). It is grown in a greenhouse for 90 days to observe. The experimental design was completely randomized. The stages were selected as treatments: 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 Day After Anthesis. The study used 15 replications with a total of 15 plants used, except for chemical analysis which used five replication with three plants for each replication. Observations were carried out during the reproductive phase and the parameters included fruit phenology, physical character, and chemical characteristics. The result showed that the growth stage of P. angulata consists of fully opened flower, fruit development (fruit set and fruit expansion), and ripening fruit (starting ripe, advanced ripe, and eating ripe). The optimal fruit stage for consumption is 21 days after anthesis, which has a diameter of 13.58 mm, a weight of 1.69 g and firmness of 3.40 N, total soluble solids of 14.96 Brix, total titratable acid of 0.0011%, and vitamin C 20.91 mg/100 g.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"2009 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82590284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertilizing model for Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) using mixture design approaches","authors":"Chien-Chang Chiu, Hu Peng, Ching-Ying Liao, Yu-Chu Chen, Chong Wang","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p2638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p2638","url":null,"abstract":"Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.), a cereal plant native to Taiwan, was used for wine making, insect repellant, and health promotion. Therefore, using appropriate experimental design and modeling approach is of importance to predict the effect of the interaction among nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) on djulis yields. In this study, a mixture design approach was applied to investigate the effects of interactions among nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the grain yields of djulis plants. Based on a three-variable including N, P, and K with each maximum of them was of 200 g (6 m2)-1, a mixture design approach was employed by 42 experiments in 14 study plots to obtain an optimal combination of N : P : K= 100 : 200 : 100 (g / 6 m2)-1) to predict an optimal dry djulis yield of 52.80 g / plant in this study. This study revealed that the linear mixture of N, P, and K and the interaction of P and K had marked effects on the yields of djulis. Moreover, the results were fitted to a quadratic polynomial equation using a multiple regression analysis. Our data showed this mixture design is a reliable approach to develop a model that can be used to predict the djulis yields","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75630497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecophysiology and production of red pitaya under different light conditions","authors":"E. Almeida, M. C. D. M. Corrêa, R. O. Mesquita, Maria Izabel Galão, Júlio César DoVale, Marcelo de Sousa Silva, João Paulo Cajazeira, Ronialison Fernandes Queiroz","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p3099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p3099","url":null,"abstract":"In commercial orchards of red pitaya fruit, yellowish cladodes frequently occur, mainly in the warmest months of the year. The measurement of probable interferences on the ecophysiology and production of red pitaya and their correlations are unprecedented and may present a basis for commercial producers. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different light conditions on growth, anatomy, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchanges, and the production of red pitaya in Fortaleza (CE).\u0000The experimental design was carried out in randomized blocks (RDB), with five treatments, five replications, and two plants per plot. The treatments consisted of five levels of luminosity: full sunlight, 35, 50, 65, and 80% shading, with the use of PVC shade screens. At 365 days, morphological, biochemical, physiological, and anatomical characters were analyzed. The fruit production was estimated from the first fruit emission, which occurred 186 days after the experiment installation. It is concluded that the luminosity conditions interfere with a variably in the growth, anatomical structures, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchanges, and production, as well as on their correlations. The crop presented high phenotypic plasticity and adequately acclimated to cultivation in full sunlight, obtaining the highest production. Moreover, this study recommended cultivating in full sunlight and at 35% shading, which showed the greatest performances in terms of ecophysiological variables and productive yield.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78588193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain sorghum under pre- and post-flowering drought stress in a semiarid environment","authors":"Andrey Antunes de Souza, A. Carvalho, E. A. Bastos, M. J. Cardoso, M. P. M. Júlio, P. Batista, Bruno Henrique Mingote Julio, Carmela Vaz Campolina, A. Portugal, C. B. Menezes, S. M. Oliveira","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p3162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p3162","url":null,"abstract":"Sorghum is one of the most drought-tolerant cereals. However, strong water stress, especially during the reproductive phase, causes significant grain yield reduction. Drought events are common in second crops planted after soybean harvest in Brazil. The objective of the present study was to assess grain sorghum hybrids grown under pre- and post-flowering drought stress. Twenty-five hybrids were subjected to two water stress environments (pre- and post-flowering) and one environment with non-water stress. The experimental design was a split plot based on a randomized complete block with three replicates. Water stress pre-flowering reduced plant height, accelerated flowering, and increased panicle index compared with water stress post-flowering. Both pre- and post-flowering stress reduced yield, by 45% and 48%, respectively. Grain mass was greatly affected by stress occurring post-flowering but not by that occurring pre-flowering. Therefore, the reduction in yield caused by pre-flowering stress is due more to the reduction of grain number in the panicle, whereas the reduction when stress occurs post-flowering is due more to reduction in grain size. The plant chlorophyll index decreased when stress occurred pre-flowering and reverted after irrigation had resumed, demonstrating recovery in the photosynthetic capacity of the sorghum plant. With post-flowering stress, the chlorophyll index decreased significantly 30 days after the stress, affecting grain filling, with consequent yield loss","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72934719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}