Depression最新文献

{"title":"Depressive symptoms: Associations with health perceptions and health behaviors","authors":"Denis Lynch Ph.D.,&nbsp;Marijo Tamburrino M.D.,&nbsp;Rollin Nagel M.A.","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<68::AID-DEPR5>3.0.CO;2-B","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<68::AID-DEPR5>3.0.CO;2-B","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The association of depressive symptoms with health behaviors and perceptions was determined for 876 patients seeing family physicians. Correlational analyses revealed stress, pain, and overall health status were moderately related to depression for males and females. Smoking was positively related to depressive symptoms in women (r = .19, <i>P</i> &lt;.001), and drinking was inversely related to depressive symptoms in men (r = −.16, <i>P</i> &lt;.01). Multiple regression analyses indicated stress, poor health, smoking, and drinking were significant predictors of depressive symptoms in women; stress, poor health, and drinking were significant in men. Health perceptions appear to be better predictors of depressive symptoms than reported health behaviors. Depression 4:68–72 (1996). © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"4 2","pages":"68-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<68::AID-DEPR5>3.0.CO;2-B","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20107292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do patients use marijuana as an antidepressant?","authors":"Amanda J. Gruber M.D.,&nbsp;Harrison G. Pope Jr. M.D.,&nbsp;Michael E. Brown M.D.","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<77::AID-DEPR7>3.0.CO;2-C","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<77::AID-DEPR7>3.0.CO;2-C","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Several lines of evidence suggest that cannabis may have antidepressant effects. However, methodologic limitations in available studies make the results difficult to interpret. We review this literature and present five cases in which the evidence seems particularly clear that marijuana produced a direct antidepressant effect. If true, these observations argue that many patients may use marijuana to “self-treat” depressive symptoms. Depression 4:77–80 (1996). © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"4 2","pages":"77-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<77::AID-DEPR7>3.0.CO;2-C","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20107294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venlafaxine: A novel antidepressant that has a dual mechanism of action","authors":"James M. Andrews M.D.,&nbsp;Philip T. Ninan M.D.,&nbsp;Charles B. Nemeroff M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<48::AID-DEPR2>3.0.CO;2-B","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<48::AID-DEPR2>3.0.CO;2-B","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common affective disorder that is associated with a range of psychiatric disturbances. The pathophysiology of MDD is commonly believed to involve the reduced availability of the monoamines, serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE), the enhancement of which is also believed to mediate, at least in part, the therapeutic effects of antidepressants. The first-generation antidepressants, the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), provide considerable efficacy but have several limitations, including (1) delayed onset of action, (2) intolerable or distressing side effects, (3) low therapeutic index, and (4) a significant proportion of nonresponders. The second-generation antidepressants, the selective-serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), mitigate some of the side effects associated with the TCAs by selectively inhibiting the reuptake of 5-HT. Venlafaxine is a new antidepressant that blocks reuptake of both 5-HT and NE. It, like the SSRIs, has a relatively benign side-effect profile. In addition, it may exert a rapid onset of action, and it appears to be particularly effective in moderate-to-severe depression and in patients who have treatment-refractory depression. Depression 4:48–56 (1996). © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"4 2","pages":"48-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<48::AID-DEPR2>3.0.CO;2-B","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20107982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of self-generated sad mood on regional cerebral activity: A PET study in normal subjects","authors":"Michael C. Gemar Ph.D.,&nbsp;Shitij Kapur M.D., F.R.C.P.(C),&nbsp;Zindel V. Segal Ph.D.,&nbsp;Gregory M. Brown M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.(C),&nbsp;Sylvain Houle M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.(C)","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<81::AID-DEPR8>3.0.CO;2-I","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<81::AID-DEPR8>3.0.CO;2-I","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the cerebral regions modulated by self-generated sad mood in normal subjects. Eleven healthy men experienced a temporary sad mood by recalling sad personal memories. Two control states were used for comparison: a resting condition, and a condition involving the recall of affectively neutral personal events. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) images were obtained using [¹⁵O]-H₂O Positron Emission Tomography. A statistical comparison of the images during negative mood and neutral recall conditions revealed that sad mood was associated with a decrease in rCBF in the left dorsolateral prefrontal, left medial prefrontal, and left temporal cortex; no increase in activity was noted in this comparison. Our results are consistent with the noted left prefrontal decrease in metabolism found in depressed patients through a variety of methodologies; however, our results contrast with findings of increased left or bilateral prefrontal activity in transient induced negative mood states reported for women (George et al., 1995, Am J Psychiatry 152:341–341) and for mixed-gender (Pardo et al., 1993, Am J Psychiatry 150:713–719) subject groups. The study brings to light a number of methodological issues, including the crucial importance of the baseline condition used for the isolation of the emotional components of a given task. Depression 4:81–88 (1996). © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"4 2","pages":"81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<81::AID-DEPR8>3.0.CO;2-I","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20107295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of association between thyroid and pineal responses to antidepressant treatment","authors":"G.M. Brown M.D., Ph.D.,&nbsp;W. Singer M.B., B.S.,&nbsp;R. Joffe M.D.","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<73::AID-DEPR6>3.0.CO;2-G","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<73::AID-DEPR6>3.0.CO;2-G","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With antidepressant treatment for major depression there are decreases in thyroid hormone levels and increases in pineal function. We have conducted a study to examine whether there is a relationship between pineal and thyroid hormone measures as well as between hormone measures and response to treatment in patients treated with desipramine. Measures of thyroid activity included thyroxine, triiodothyronine, T3 resin uptake, and TSH. Pineal function was determined by measurement of 6-suphatoxymelatonin in three consecutive 8 hour pools. Hormone measures as well as Hamilton depression scores were obtained prior to treatment and at the end of 5 weeks of treatment. As in previous studies, thyroid measures decreased, pineal activity increased, and Hamilton scores decreased significantly with treatment. No correlations were found between these measures, suggesting that if there is a relationship between them it is not a direct one. Depression 4:73–76 (1996). © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"4 2","pages":"73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<73::AID-DEPR6>3.0.CO;2-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20107293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An empirical study of the psychodynamics of suicide: A preliminary report","authors":"Susan E. Chance M.A.,&nbsp;Susan L. Reviere M.A.,&nbsp;James H. Rogers Ph.D.,&nbsp;Mark E. James M.D.,&nbsp;Salley Jessee M.D.,&nbsp;Lisseth Rojas M.A.,&nbsp;Carrie A. Hatcher B.A.,&nbsp;Nadine J. Kaslow Ph.D.","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<89::AID-DEPR9>3.0.CO;2-A","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<89::AID-DEPR9>3.0.CO;2-A","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Preliminary results from a study of psychodynamic constructs are presented based on data from inpatients following a suicide attempt. The study examines the association between four psychodynamic constructs, severity of suicidal intent, and severity of depressive symptomatology in a sample of hospitalized suicide attempters. Higher levels of suicidal intent were associated with less differentiated self and object representations and less emotional investment in relationships. More severe depressive symptoms in suicide attempters were correlated with more self-targeted anger; less eternally directed anger, higher levels of shame and guilt, more affectively negative views of relationships, greater use of maladaptive and self-sacrificing defenses, and more impaired reality testing. These findings offer some preliminary empirical support for the validity of psychodynamic theories of suicidal behavior. Depression 4:89–91 (1996). © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"4 2","pages":"89-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<89::AID-DEPR9>3.0.CO;2-A","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20107296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trimipramine and imipramine exert different effects on the sleep EEG and on nocturnal hormone secretion during treatment of major depression","authors":"Annette Sonntag M.D.,&nbsp;Barbara Rothe M.D.,&nbsp;Jürgen Guldner M.D.,&nbsp;Alexander Yassouridis PhD.,&nbsp;Florian Holsboer M.D., Ph.D.,&nbsp;Axel Steiger M.D.","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:1<1::AID-DEPR1>3.0.CO;2-S","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:1<1::AID-DEPR1>3.0.CO;2-S","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In a 4-week double-blind clinical trial we compared the effects of the tricyclic antidepressants trimipramine and imipramine on the sleep EEG and on nocturnal hormone secretion in 20 male inpatients with major depression. Both treatments produced rapid significant clinical improvement in depression without severe adverse effects. However, the two drugs had markedly different neurobiologic profiles. Trimipramine enhanced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow wave sleep, whereas imipramine suppressed REM sleep and showed no effect on slow wave sleep. Total sleep time and the sleep efficiency index increased under trimipramine but not under imipramine. Nocturnal cortisol secretion decreased with trimipramine but remained unchanged with imipramine. In contrast to imipramine, trimipramine induced an increase in prolactin secretion compatible with its known antagonism at dopamine (D₂) receptors. Imipramine induced a decrease in growth hormone secretion during the first half of the night. Neither of the drugs induced significant changes in plasma testosterone concentration. We conclude that trimipramine is an antidepressant with sleep-improving qualities that possibly acts through inhibition of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system activity by a yet unknown mechanism. Depression 4:1-13 (1996). © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:1<1::AID-DEPR1>3.0.CO;2-S","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20107298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive therapy versus fluoxetine in the treatment of dysthymic disorder","authors":"David L. Dunner M.D.,&nbsp;Karen B. Schmaling Ph.D.,&nbsp;Helen Hendrickson M.D.,&nbsp;Joseph Becker Ph.D.,&nbsp;Adam Lehman Ph.D.,&nbsp;Carolyn Bea B.S.","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:1<34::AID-DEPR4>3.0.CO;2-F","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:1<34::AID-DEPR4>3.0.CO;2-F","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We studied the effects of a fixed dose of fluoxetine (20 mg) or cognitive psycho-therapy in a 16 week trial of patients with dysthymic disorder. More patients assigned to fluoxetine dropped out of the 16 week treatment (33%) than those assigned to cognitive therapy (9%), but this difference did not attain statistical significance. Both treatments showed improvement over baseline conditions at 8 weeks and further improvement at 16 weeks. There were no statistically significant group differences in treatment response. No follow-up data were collected so the enduring effects of the treatments are unknown. An optimal treatment for dysthymic disorder may be combined psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for a longer period of time. Depression 4:34-41 (1996). © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"4 1","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:1<34::AID-DEPR4>3.0.CO;2-F","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20108364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression in patients with coronary artery disease","authors":"Michael B. Gonzalez B.S.,&nbsp;Ted B. Snyderman B.A.,&nbsp;Jeffrey T. Colket B.S.,&nbsp;Rebekka M. Arias B.S.,&nbsp;Jan W. Jiang M.D.,&nbsp;Christopher M. O'Connor M.D.,&nbsp;K. Ranga Krishnan M.D.","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<57::AID-DEPR3>3.0.CO;2-C","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<57::AID-DEPR3>3.0.CO;2-C","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Depression is more prevalent in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) than in the general elderly population. Although CAD patients with depression have higher mortality rates, depression is often not recognized and treated in these patients. We administered structured psychiatric diagnostic interviews to 99 inpatients with CAD and diagnosed 23% with a major depressive episode (MDE) by DSM-IV criteria. Severity of medical illness and family history of psychopathology were indicators for increased risk for MDE. These findings may facilitate the recognition of CAD patients at greater risk for MDE. Depression 4:57–62 (1996). © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"4 2","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<57::AID-DEPR3>3.0.CO;2-C","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20107983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six month follow-up of early-onset chronic depression","authors":"Vito Agosti M.S.W.,&nbsp;Jonathan W. Stewart M.D.","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<63::AID-DEPR4>3.0.CO;2-G","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<63::AID-DEPR4>3.0.CO;2-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study sought to characterize the morbidity and treatment behavior of 49 patients with early-onset chronic depression, 6 months after terminating treatment at a university-based psychopharmacology research clinic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with and without early-onset chronic depression were selected to participate in a naturalistic follow-up study. Assessments were conducted blind to patients' histories. Patients' depressive symptoms, psychosocial functioning, and post-discharge treatment histories were assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After termination, the mean length of recovery for the sample was 3.6 months. When they left the clinic, 78% (38/49) were euthymic. At follow-up, 37% (14/38) of these had relapsed; while 45% (17/38) remained in remission for 6 months. During the follow-up period, 47% of the patients were on antidepressants.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-three percent of the patients who relapsed, or were depressed when they left the clinic, did not enter treatment, 50% of whom cited insufficient resources as the primary reason for not receiving care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After leaving a depression research clinic, a substantial portion of patients with early-onset chronic depression remained recovered during a 6-month period, but financial impediments prevented a majority of those who did poorly from entering treatment. Depression 4:63–67 (1996). © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"4 2","pages":"63-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:2<63::AID-DEPR4>3.0.CO;2-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20107984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}