Depression最新文献

{"title":"Factor analysis of the Montgomery-Åsberg depression rating scale","authors":"W. Edward Craighead Ph.D.,&nbsp;Donald D. Evans Ph.D.","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:1<31::AID-DEPR3>3.0.CO;2-I","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:1<31::AID-DEPR3>3.0.CO;2-I","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A maximum likelihood factor analysis with Promax rotation was performed on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale for 340 adult inpatients in an Affective Disorders Program. Four factors were identified and labeled cognitive-pessimism, affective, cognitive-anxiety, and vegetative. Recommendations were offered for the research and clinical use of the factor scores. Depression 4:31-33 (1996). © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"4 1","pages":"31-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7162(1996)4:1<31::AID-DEPR3>3.0.CO;2-I","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72010357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation of schizoaffective bipolar disorder from bipolar disorder and schizophrenia","authors":"Dr. Mary C. Blehar Ph.D.,&nbsp;Stephen V. Faraone Ph.D.,&nbsp;Pamela J. Zeller Ph.D.,&nbsp;John I. Numberger Jr. M.D., Ph.D.,&nbsp;Ming T. Tsuang M.D., Ph.D.,&nbsp;Darrell Kirch M.D.,&nbsp;David Shore M.D.,&nbsp;John M. A. Gershefski M.S.,&nbsp;Theodore Reich M.D.,&nbsp;C. Robert Cloninger M.D.,&nbsp;N. Leela Rau M.D.,&nbsp;J. Raymond DePaulo M.D.,&nbsp;Charles A. Kaufmann M.D.,&nbsp;Jill Harkavy-Friedman Ph.D.,&nbsp;Dolores Malaspina M.D.,&nbsp;Richard E. Weise M.Ed","doi":"10.1002/depr.3050030609","DOIUrl":"10.1002/depr.3050030609","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Differential diagnosis of patients whose course of illness includes substantial psychotic and mood syndromes is among the most challenging in psychiatry. The relative temporal preponderance of one or the other of these syndromes over course of illness forms the basis for distinctions among DSM-III-R diagnoses of schizoaffective disorder (SA), bipolar disorder (BPD), and schizophrenia (SZ); and such temporal assessments may be especially difficult to make reliably. Elsewhere we report relatively low reliability of SA and a tendency for it be “confused” with SZ and BPD. In this paper, we identify clinical variables that increase diagnostic differentiation. Data are from a Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) reliability study in which patients with independently assessed DSM-III-R lifetime diagnoses of SA-bipolar subtype,(SA-BP), BPD, and SZ were also clinically assessed and diagnosed by the DIGS on two occasions by two different interviewers blind to entry diagnoses. The relative strength of DIGS-based DSM-III-R diagnoses and individual DIGS clinical variables in predicting entry diagnoses is shown in a series of logistic regression analyses. Models incorporating DIGS variables are more predictive of entry diagnoses than models using DIGS diagnoses alone. Based on DIGS information, the SA-BP group is more clearly differentiated from the BPD group than from the SZ group. Different profiles of DIGS variables distinguish the groups. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for nosologic research. Depression 3:309–315 (1995/1996). © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"3 6","pages":"309-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/depr.3050030609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85229665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in thyroid axis function: Relevance to affective disorder and its treatment","authors":"Peter C. Whybrow M.D.","doi":"10.1002/depr.3050030107","DOIUrl":"10.1002/depr.3050030107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Throughout life the thyroid economy differs for men and women. The “set point” for TSH is higher in women, they experience more goiter and nodule formation, and autoimmune thyroid disease is greater throughout life. Excluding cancer, the lifetime prevalence of thyroid disease for women is variously estimated between 2.25-4.0%, some 4 to 10 times the estimates for men.</p><p>Contrary to earlier interpretation, maternal thyroid hormones are now thought to be important in the early life of the fetus and the development of the CNS; however, after the first trimester maternal free thyroid hormone falls to reach a nadir post partum, a fact not to be discounted in postpartum psychosis.</p><p>Major depression is more common in women and approximately 5-10% have some metabolic evidence of a diminished thyroid economy. Adjunctive tri-iodothyronine has been shown to speed recovery from depression in women but not in men.</p><p>Manic-Depressive Illness in its classic form (Bipolar I) is approximately equal in prevalence between men and women. However, the malignant variant of treatment resistant rapid cycling (RC) is predominant in women and is significantly associated with Grade I hypothyroidism. Furthermore, the use of high dose thyroxine as an adjunct to anticycling medications such as lithium and the anticonvulsants with frequently mitigate the cycling and induce clinical remission.</p><p>Studies in premenopausal women (the common sufferers of RC) suggest that this pharmacologic use of thyroxine has few side effects and is without detectable increased risk of osteoporosis.</p><p>Particularly lithium, but also other clinically employed psychotropic agents, are antithyroid as well as thymoleptic injunction. The study of the interaction of lithium and thyroid metabolism at the cellular and molecular level will help inform these clinical observations. That the c-erb-A family of gene products share considerable homology at the DNA binding region across nuclear T3, glucocorticoid, and estrogen receptors may be of significance in this regard.</p><p>Thyroid screening of women with affective disorder is recommended for those who are aged 45 years or older, have a history of postpartum thyroiditis, or a family history of thyroid disease. Depression 3:33-42 (1995). © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"3 1-2","pages":"33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/depr.3050030107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86804661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidepressant augmentation with valporate","authors":"Mahendra Davé M.D.","doi":"10.1002/depr.3050030313","DOIUrl":"10.1002/depr.3050030313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"3 3","pages":"157-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/depr.3050030313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87090046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-independent dysregulation of the hpa system in a patient with rapid cycling: Longitudinal evaluation of dex/hcrh test status and comparison with a non-rapid cycling major depressive control group","authors":"Erich Seifritz M.D.,&nbsp;Matthias J. Müller M.D.,&nbsp;Martin Hatzinger M.D.,&nbsp;Ulrich Hemmeter M.D.,&nbsp;Francois Chardon M.D.,&nbsp;Kirsten I. Taylor B.S., B.A.,&nbsp;Edith Holsboer-Trachsler M.D.","doi":"10.1002/depr.3050030408","DOIUrl":"10.1002/depr.3050030408","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The combined dexamethasone-suppression/human corticotropin releasing hormone challenge (DEX/hCRH) test was repeatedly applied in a rapid cycling patient (RC) with bipolar illness during different affective states. The results were compared to a matched control group (n = 8) of non-rapid cycling major depressive disorder patients in whom the DEX/hCRH test was applied at the beginning and end of a 6-week antidepressant treatment program. RC had normal DEX suppression tests but exhibited exaggerated cortisol and ACTH responses to hCRH. Furthermore, RC's hormone responses were unaffected by the current clinical state (depressive, hypomanic, euthymic), and significantly exceeded the hormone responses of the control group at the beginning (acute) and the end (remitted) of their treatment. These findings suggest that severe and irreversible hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system dysregulation may characterize rapid cycling. Depression 3:204–208 (1995). © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"3 4","pages":"204-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/depr.3050030408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91505019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex hormones, orcadian rhythms, and depressive vulnerability","authors":"Barbara L. Parry M.D.","doi":"10.1002/depr.3050030108","DOIUrl":"10.1002/depr.3050030108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of this review is to delineate the chronobiologic studies of mood disorders linked to the reproductive cycle in women. The experimental designs range from baseline studies of sleep and melatonin circadian rhythms to challenge designs utilizing light therapy and sleep deprivation as experimental perturbations. In summary, melatonin profiles, the best marker for circadian rhythmicity in humans, are abnormally blunted in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Further, light therapy and sleep deprivation, chronobiologic interventions designed to correct underlying circadian rhythm disturbances, are effective in reducing particularly depressive symptoms in PMDD and may have benefit in other reproductive-related depressions in women such as postpartum or menopausal depressions. Depression 3:43–48 (1995). © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"3 1-2","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/depr.3050030108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72794553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of depression in cancer: Gender differences","authors":"Mary L. DeFlorio M.D., M.P.H.,&nbsp;Mary Jane Massie M.D.","doi":"10.1002/depr.3050030112","DOIUrl":"10.1002/depr.3050030112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Depression is the psychiatric syndrome that receives the most attention in individuals with cancer. We review 49 studies of prevalence of depression in individuals with cancer and describe the data available on gender differences. The special fears and concerns of women with cancer are described. Depression 3:66–80 (1995). © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"3 1-2","pages":"66-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/depr.3050030112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72605778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women's increased vulnerability to mood disorders: Integrating psychobiology and epidemiology","authors":"Dr. Mary C. Blehar Ph.D.,&nbsp;Dan A. Oren M.D.","doi":"10.1002/depr.3050030103","DOIUrl":"10.1002/depr.3050030103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Beyond the repeatedly confirmed finding that women greatly outnumber men among those diagnosed with mood disorders lies a widely-varying set of hypotheses that attempt to explain affective disorders from various perspectives. This article reviews the epidemiological and diagnostic factors that account for the finding. In addition, we review some of the current hypothetical constructs of the etiology and pathophysiology of depression and their potential relevance to the disproportionate number of women with unipolar depression. Particular attention is paid to the unique biological stages of a women's life and the differences between the biology of men and women. We also review some of the potential social, psychological, and environmental factors that might particularly promote the development of depression in women. Depression 3:3–12 (1995). © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"3 1-2","pages":"3-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/depr.3050030103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84808157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis revisited: Role of gonadal steroids","authors":"Elizabeth A. Young M.D.","doi":"10.1002/depr.3050030105","DOIUrl":"10.1002/depr.3050030105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sex differences in HPA axis regulation have been documented in other species, particularly in rats, where estrogen regulates cortisosteroid binding globulin (CBG). Given that depression is more common in women, gonadal steroids may impact upon the HPA axis dysregulation often seen in depression. A number of our studies comparing HPA axis dysregulation in depressed men and women suggest that there are differences. We suggest that gonadal steroids may play a modulatory role in premenopansal depressed women. In particular, estrogen increases the level of CBG providing a greater buffering capacity against hypercortisolemia. In addition, progesterone can function as a glucocorticoid antagonist, thus blocking some of the negative sequellae of hypercortisolemia. Following menopause, the incidence of resistance to dexamethasone suppression increases to almost 100%, suggesting that loss of gonadal steroids is an important aspect of the age-HPA axis interaction. Depression 3:20–27 (1995). © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"3 1-2","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/depr.3050030105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79417586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: Therapeutic alternatives to the tricyclics in the treatment of major depression","authors":"Professor David L. Dunner M.D.,&nbsp;Stuart A. Montgomery Ph.D., M.D.","doi":"10.1002/depr.3050030502","DOIUrl":"10.1002/depr.3050030502","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Around 8% of the industrialized world are affected by major depressive disorder, which is often a recurrent or chronic disorder. Although a common condition, it is under-recognized and under-treated in the primary care setting. When it is diagnosed, long-term treatment is often needed and tolerability is an important consideration. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRb) are as effective as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), but are not associated with their often unacceptable and sometimes serious side-effects. In this review, SSRIs are explored as therapeutic alternatives to TCAs for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Depression 3:215–224 (1995/1996). © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11179,"journal":{"name":"Depression","volume":"3 5","pages":"215-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/depr.3050030502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82544478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}