Current Pediatric Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Bruxism in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Nathalia Kanhouche, Gabriela Godoy Pizzi, Nathalia Araujo Bim, Rafael Celestino de Souza, Ana Flávia Bissoto Calvo, Isabela Floriano, Thais Gimenez, José Carlos Pettorossi Imparato, Tamara Kerber Tedesco","doi":"10.2174/0115733963252499231120092148","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963252499231120092148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis compiling data on the prevalence of bruxism in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Searches were carried out in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to identify the articles published by February 2023. Two independent reviewers, and in duplicate, employed a two-stage process to select publications. The same two reviewers performed the data extraction. Studies were included when the following eligibility criteria were met: performed in children and/or adolescents with cerebral palsy and reporting bruxism. Potentially eligible studies were read in full and excluded that: not presented numerical data on the prevalence of bruxism; not reported how the bruxism was assessed; not reported data about the cerebral palsy; and not an observational study. The risk assessment of bias was assessed by the Newcastle- Ottawa Scale. After reading the titles and abstracts of the 358 identified articles, eight articles from 1966 to 2020 were included. The main reason for not including the studies was not to report data about bruxism (59.3%), and 44.5% were excluded for not reporting data from patients with cerebral palsy. The studies were carried out in schools, university hospitals, or centers for patients with special needs (Brazil, the United States, and Egypt). The pooled prevalence of bruxism in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy was 46% (95%CI: 0.38-0.55) after removing one study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pooled prevalence of bruxism in children with cerebral palsy can be considered high since almost half of the studied population is affected by this condition. PROSPERO #CRD42021225781.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"166-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139511948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Advances in Pediatric Endoscopy in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.","authors":"Sara Isoldi, Saverio Mallardo, Paolo Quitadamo, Beatrice Leter, Salvatore Cucchiara","doi":"10.2174/0115733963268547231128101929","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963268547231128101929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decades, an increased importance has been given to gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy in the management of children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), considering that mucosal healing has been recognized as the optimal endpoint in the treat-to-target paradigm. The recent advances in technology and anesthesia have facilitated the comprehensive evaluation of the GI tract. In this review, we will discuss the role of ileocolonoscopy, upper GI endoscopy, and device-assisted enteroscopy in the work-up and management of pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis, with particular attention on non-invasive endoscopic techniques, such as wireless capsule endoscopy. We will also analyze the most commonly used endoscopic scoring systems, including small bowel scoring systems and endoscopic recurrence grading of neo-terminal ileum CD. Moreover, we will focus on the endoscopic management of complications, such as strictures, that commonly require surgery. Lastly, we will discuss cancer surveillance in children with IBD, with particular consideration of the role of high-definition endoscopic equipment and chromoendoscopy in dysplasia detection rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"154-165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139541184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Outcomes of Infections in Critically-ill Paediatric Oncology Patients: A Retrospective Observation Study.","authors":"Karen K Y Leung, Pak Leung Ho, Sally C Y Wong, Wilson Y K Chan, Kam Lun Ellis Hon","doi":"10.2174/0115733963264717231208114248","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963264717231208114248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The survival of paediatric oncology patients has improved substantially in the past decades due to advances in the field of oncology. Modern cancer treatments often come with life-threatening complications, of which infection is one of the most common causes in this patient population. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and outcomes of common infections in haemato-oncology patients during their stay in paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to identify any factors associated with these infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was conducted on all children with a haemato-oncology diagnosis or who underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and who were admitted to the Hong Kong Children's Hospital PICU over a one-year period. Infection characteristics and patient outcomes were evaluated and compared between different sub-groups. Univariable and multi-variable analyses were employed to identify risk factors associated with the development of active infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-five (36.3%) of 124 critically ill haemato-oncology admissions to PICU were associated with infections, of which 31 (25%) admissions involved bacterial infections, 26 (20.9%) involved viral infections and 6 (4.8%) involved fungal infections. Bloodstream infection was the most common type of infection. More than half (61.3%) of the bacterial infections were due to an antibiotic-resistant strain. After adjusting for confounding variables, post-HSCT status and neutropenia were significantly associated with active infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infections in critically-ill haemato-oncological patients are associated with post haematopoietic stem cell transplant status and neutropenia. Further study is warranted to review effective strategies that may mitigate the likelihood of infection in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"174-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139563103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Per and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances on Pregnancy and Child Development.","authors":"Thanuja Kilari, Ankul Singh Suresh, Rukaiah F Begum, Anuragh Singh, Pravin Venkkatesh, Chitra Vellapandian","doi":"10.2174/0115733963267526231120110100","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963267526231120110100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood obesity is significantly influenced by maternal exposure to Per and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) during pregnancy. PFAS exposure occurs through the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR-γ) receptor, leading to increased fat deposition and profound health effects in child growth and development. Despite ongoing investigations, the relationship between maternal serum PFAS concentration and child obesity requires further exploration.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to review the possible effects of Per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances exposure and their mechanism in overweight/obese children from pregnant ladies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A detailed literature survey was conducted using online databases, including Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed. The study focused on the diverse effects of PFAS on maternal and child health, with particular emphasis on neurological complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Child growth development depends upon breastfeeding and placenta health, which is disrupted by PFAS exposure, ultimately destroying the body mass index of the child. Neurotoxicity testing utilized the SH-SY5Y human-derived cell line as an <i>in vitro</i> model, revealing PFAS-induced increases in adipocyte number, reduced cell size, altered lipid conglomeration, increased adiposity, and changes in liver function. <i>in vivo</i> studies in mice and human cell lines indicated PPAR-γ and ER-α activation, leading to adiposity and weight gain through Estrogen signaling and Lipid metabolism. PFAS concentrations positively correlated in maternal sera, analyzed by liquid chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PFAS, with a long half-life of 3.5-8.5 years, is commonly found in the serum of pregnant women, crossing the placenta barrier. This exposure disrupts placental homeostasis, negatively impacting mechanisms of action and potentially leading to deterioration in pregnancy and child health. Further research is needed to comprehensively understand the complex interplay between PFAS exposure and its implications for maternal and child well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"142-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139424452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant and Benign Head and Neck Tumors of the Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Ginevra Micangeli, Michela Menghi, Giovanni Profeta, Roberto Paparella, Francesca Tarani, Carla Petrella, Christian Barbato, Antonio Minni, Antonio Greco, Giampiero Ferraguti, Luigi Tarani, Marco Fiore","doi":"10.2174/0115733963258575231123043807","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963258575231123043807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant tumors of the head and neck are rare in children, but it is important to know these lesions and identify them early in order to have a good outcome for these patients. Benign lesions of the head and neck are much more frequent and have an excellent prognosis. For this reason, it is necessary to recognize the warning signs and symptoms and understand when to refer the patient to a reference center for the treatment of these pathologies. The clinical presentation of both benign and malignant lesions in children may be similar as usually, both categories have compressive effects. This confirms the fact that the clinical diagnosis is not sufficient and always requires instrumental investigations and biopsies. In this narrative review, we analyzed both malignant lesions such as lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, thyroid tumors, salivary gland tumors, neuroblastoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and benign ones such as cystic dermoid teratoma, hemangioma, juvenile angiofibroma and fibrosis dysplasia. Indeed, we set out to discuss the most common lesions of this site by evaluating their characteristics to highlight the differentiation of malignant tumors from benign lesions and their correct clinical-therapeutic management. A literature search was carried out in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify all narrative reviews addressing malignant and benign head and neck tumors of the pediatric age. In conclusion, the care of children affected by head and neck benign lesions and malignancy must be combined and multidisciplinary. It is essential to recognize the diseases early in order to differentiate and intervene as soon as possible for the correct clinical-therapeutic management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"118-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newly Described Mutations of the <i>UNC45A</i> Gene in Infants with Jaundice and Pruritus.","authors":"Anna Degtyareva, Alina Dokshukina, Elena Filippova, Jekaterina Shubina, Ekaterina Tolmacheva, Igor Sadelov, Marina Albegova, Dmitriy Degtyarev","doi":"10.2174/0115733963264010231213103328","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963264010231213103328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cholestatic liver disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and a leading indication for liver transplantation in children. These include diseases, such as biliary atresia, Alagille syndrome, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, sclerosing cholangitis, bile acid synthesis defects, and many others.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>NGS was used as a diagnostic tool to identify the genetic cause in the patient with cholestatic syndrome and to figure out and describe what mutation will be found. In the present observation, the cholestasis syndrome with low GGT activity and intense pruritus was the leading symptom of the patient. The examination also revealed other characteristic features of osteo- oto-hepato-enteric syndrome. The patient had facial features that mimicked Alagille syndrome, which complicated the diagnostic search. Moreover, the genetic test revealed two new pathogenic variants in the <i>UNC45A</i> gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This clinical observation demonstrates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis of rare genetic diseases and using WES, which can accelerate the diagnosis compared with outdated gene panels.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"192-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Newborn Pulse Oximetry Screening for Detecting Critical Congenital Heart Defects: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Giuseppe De Bernardo, Maria Rosaria Arienzo, Flavia Barbieri, Fabio Centanni, Francesconina Moccia, Maurizio Giordano, Giuseppe Buonocore, Serafina Perrone","doi":"10.2174/0115733963315664241024043935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963315664241024043935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Critical congenital heart diseases are life-threatening, with a high morbidity rate and mortality among newborns; in fact, a newborn discharged from the hospital with undiagnosed heart disease may experience severe complications during the initial days or weeks of their life, necessitating emergency care and even death. Among all kinds of critical congenital heart disease, coarctation of the aorta is one of the most difficult to diagnose because it only becomes noticeable a few days after birth, when patients have already been discharged from the hospital. This underlines the importance of having a reliable diagnostic tool to discover these diseases. The identification of some of these patients can be achieved through newborn screening with pulse oximetry, but only a small number are diagnosed. Hence, the objective of this review was to determine the value of pulse oximetry screening for the early detection of congenital heart defects in newborns, with a focus on coarctation of the aorta. A literature search was conducted between December 2023 and February 2024 using four electronic databases: Pubmed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus to identify studies that evaluated the efficacy of pre- and post-discharge neonatal ductal saturation monitoring for the diagnosis of critical congenital heart defects before discharge. Twenty research studies with a large number of patients, demonstrating moderate sensitivity and high specificity of pulse oximetry test in detecting critical heart defects, especially coarctation of the aorta, were selected and analyzed. Many confirmations have been found of how good the specificity of screening is, reaching an average value of 99.9% in each study analyzed. The problem still lies in the sensitivity of the screening, which is not as good as the specificity, never reaching 90% in any of the studies analysed. So, it is crucial to keep up with efforts to improve the efficacy of the pulse oximetry screening method.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiology Consult for the General Pediatrician after Cardiac Manifestations from a SARS-CoV-2 Infection.","authors":"Shahnawaz Amdani, Carolyn A Altman, Devyani Chowdhury, Christina Ronai, David Soma, Jeremy M Archer, Seda Tierney, Marukus S Renno, Jacob Miller, Quang-Tuyen Nguyen, Julie S Glickstein, William B Orr","doi":"10.2174/0115733963314978240923110844","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963314978240923110844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, created a need for evidence-based guidelines for the evaluation, management, and follow-up after infection. Data have become rapidly available, creating a challenge for medical providers to stay abreast of the ever-evolving recommendations. This document, written collaboratively by pediatric cardiovascular experts, pediatricians, and sports medicine specialists, is focused on SARS-- CoV-2-related pediatric cardiac manifestations. It aims to provide a systemic review of high-yield literature related to all cardiovascular entities as a tool for primary pediatric clinicians to utilize as they consider the cardiac consequences of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, MIS-C, vaccine-related myocarditis, return-to-play, and long COVID-19 syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Current Understanding and Challenges for the Future.","authors":"Giuseppe De Bernardo, Carolina Vecchione, Carmen Langella, Carla Ziello, Grazia Parisi, Maurizio Giordano, Giuseppe Buonocore, Serafina Perrone","doi":"10.2174/0115733963318619240923062033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963318619240923062033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This perspective reviews the definition and current understanding of necrotizing enterocolitis and evaluates a future prevention approach to this multifactorial disease. An overview of the prevention approach in general is presented, where key aspects and emerging criticisms are identified. In addition, key elements of early diagnosis and treatment are presented, together with some of their challenges and ambiguities. Moreover, it concludes with emerging questions from the global community to reach a consensus on the definition, diagnosis, and management of necrotizing enterocolitis disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Way to Use Supraglottic Airway Device.","authors":"Valentina Giovanna Dell'Orto, Virginia Beretta, Chiara Petrolini, Serafina Perrone","doi":"10.2174/0115733963331390240822105658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963331390240822105658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We read a review of case reports published on Current Pediatric Reviews 2024 about the use of I-gel® in neonatal complicated intubation, and we decided to write a commentary on the benefits and limitations of using supraglottic airways in neonatal age, with a specific focus on Igel [1]. The use of supraglottic airway devices in neonatal ages is limited to particular conditions, but further research is showing the utility of these devices as the first choice in neonatal resuscitation or airway stabilization. Our commentary highlights the broader practical applications of I-gel and reinforces its role as a valuable tool in neonatal resuscitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}