Current Pediatric Reviews最新文献

{"title":"A Comparative Study of the Effects of Lipid Formulations on Retinopathy of Prematurity.","authors":"Afeez K Adisa, Mahmoud Ali, Marwa M Elgendy, Diem N Lee, Biju Thomas","doi":"10.2174/0115733963422465260325075855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963422465260325075855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of visual morbidity in premature infants. Omega-3 PUFA concentrated in fish oil has been shown to reduce ROP risk through its anti-ischemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The SMOFlipid formulation is a rich omega‑3 source and may reduce ROP risk. We aimed to compare the ROP incidence and severity in preterm VLBW (<1501 g) infants receiving Intralipid versus SMOFlipid.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a single-center, retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 493 preterm VLBW infants born between 2014 and 2022 at < 30 weeks GA and /or <1501g, who received either Intralipid or SMOFlipid, and were examined for ROP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no difference between the Intralipid and the SMOFlipid groups in the incidence of ROP (41.8% versus 37.1%, P=0.291) and its severity (P=0.313). Still, the SMOFlipid group had significantly higher rates of Plus (+) disease (P<0.001). Gestational age, birth weight, mode of delivery, use of steroids, length of lipid use, use of inotropes, hyperglycemia requiring insulin, and length of hospitalization were independent predictors of ROP. PDA, sepsis, NEC, BPD, and IVH were also independently associated with ROP on multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study groups were comparable. Despite its omega‑3 content, evidence on SMOFlipid's effect on ROP remains inconsistent. The increased risk of disease suggests other unmeasured factors may influence severe ROP. As the largest study comparing IL and SMOFlipid, the preventive effect of SMOFlipid remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The impact of SMOFlipid on the incidence and severity of ROP is comparable to that of soy-based lipid emulsions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression and Correlation Analysis of Neuropeptide Family Members in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with COVID-19.","authors":"Hong Wei Li, Shang Zhi Wu, Si Xiang Tang, Li Zhao, Cheng Yu Lu, Alexander K C Leung, Kam Lun Hon, De Hui Chen","doi":"10.2174/0115733963432766260423102525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963432766260423102525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this article is to investigate the expression of neuropeptide family members and their correlation with inflammatory indicators in the peripheral blood of children infected with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from 40 hospitalized newly diagnosed children with confirmed COVID-19 infection and 17 hospitalized children with non-COVID-19 bronchial pneumonia during the same period. Baseline clinical data were collected and analyzed. Expression and correlation analysis of neuropeptide-related molecules [ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme), ACE2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2), ASCL1 (achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 1)] in peripheral blood were detected and analyzed by ELISA. Complete blood counts with differentials, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), liver enzymes, Substance P (SP), Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP), and Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) were also measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of 40 COVID-19 patients (43% males) and 17 non-COVID-19 patients (71% males) were compared. ACE2 in non-COVID-19 and moderate COVID-19 groups was higher than that in severe groups (p=0.04; p=0.03, respectively). ASCL1 in the non-COVID-19 group was higher than that in the COVID-19 group (p=0.04). ASCL1 in the non-COVID group was higher than that in the severe COVID group (p=0.02). There were no significant differences in SP, VIP, and GRP between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. ASCL1 correlated negatively with blood neutrophils (%) (r = -0.534, p<0.001), CRP (r = -0.522, p<0.001), but positively with lymphocytes (%) (r = 0.572, p<0.001), and aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0.496, p=0.001). There was no significant correlation between SCL1 and white blood cell count, platelet count, alanine transaminase, or Lactate dehydrogenase.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The negative correlation between ASCL1 and neutrophil percentage (N%) and CRP suggests that ASCL1 may modulate the inflammation associated with pediatric COVID-19, positioning it as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. The study's findings suggest that ASCL1 is downregulated in pediatric COVID-19 and correlates negatively with neutrophil percentage and CRP, indicating a potential regulatory role in COVID-19-related inflammation. Unlike adults, ACE/ACE2 are not highly expressed in children, which may partly explain the milder disease course. ASCL1 may represent a novel biomarker and therapeutic target worthy of further investigation in larger pediatric cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unlike adults, ACE and ACE2 are not highly expressed in children with COVID-19. ASCL1 in children with COVID-19 is lower than that in non-COVID-19 children. ASCL1 is negatively correlated with N% and CRP, suggesting that ASCL1 may have a role in COVID-19 inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148223694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When the Victim is a Boy: Reframing Sexual Offences Against Male Children in Indian Law.","authors":"Pragnesh Parmar, Gunvanti Rathod","doi":"10.2174/0115733963475290260515104519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963475290260515104519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In India, sexual offenses against children are gender neutralized and addressed by the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act of 2012. Still, the medical/legal literature, clinical suspicion, and judicial discourse continue to be implicitly gendered, resulting in poor detection rates of sexual offenses against male children and inadequate interpretation thereof. The available evidence base is consistent in indicating that a large proportion of child sexual abuse victims are males. Social stigma, delayed presentation, and lack of physician knowledge complicate underreporting and diagnosis. Male children present late and mostly without any visible physical injury, making it challenging to interpret and legally prove. This short communication proposes a structured and evidence-based classification of sexual offenses against male children, explicitly in line with the current Indian legal system. The classification includes penetrative sexual assaults, nonpenetrative sexual assaults, sexual harassment, sexual exploitation, and child sexual abuse materials, including aggravated and institutional abuses, in relation to the relevant sections of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita. Through the integration of patterns of abuse common in male victims, which include anal/sexual/penetrative abuse, coercive acts, non-contact crimes, and online abuse, with corresponding legal provisions under the POCSO Act, this classification scheme aims to address the gaps between medical diagnosis and legal determination. In addition, the article provides information on major medico-legal concerns, including the mandatory reporting law, the absence of tangible evidence, and the importance of meticulous medical documentation of the history of the abuse, behavioral symptoms, and evidence from the Internet. Collaboration among experts from various disciplines, such as pediatric medicine, forensic science, law enforcement agencies, and child protection services, is also vital. Male children should be considered vulnerable victims, too. With a POCSOoriented and male-friendly classification scheme, improved awareness and understanding in cases of child sexual abuse in India can be achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Etiology to Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Pediatric Community-acquired Pneumonia.","authors":"Yachana Mishra","doi":"10.2174/0115733963444102260330000256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963444102260330000256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant contributor to illness and hospitalization among children worldwide. Pediatric CAP continues to provide a challenge to clinicians, despite considerable progress in medical research and immunization initiatives, owing to its varied origin, symptomatology that overlaps with other respiratory illnesses, and evolving microbial patterns. This review aims to (1) consolidate existing knowledge on the etiology and pathogenesis of pediatric CAP, (2) critically assess the significance of emerging biomarkers and diagnostic instruments in clinical decision-making, and (3) delineate modern treatment strategies and preventive measures to enhance patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From scientific articles published over the last 10 years in different scientific platforms, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, potentially relevant literature was compiled to update on biomarkers and innovative diagnostic tools for pediatric CAP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In pediatric CAP, microbial pathogenesis is a critical background metric. Eight biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum amyloid A (SAA), and S100 proteins, have been reviewed with new diagnostic algorithms and instruments to assess disease severity and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>To demonstrate the current status of pediatric CAP diagnosis and therapy, seventeen clinical studies have been included. By integrating clinical expertise and developing efficient treatment strategies, this study offers a comprehensive perspective on improving outcomes for children with CAP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding the disease's context is crucial for treatment, research, and prevention. In addition to minimizing diagnostic ambiguity, antibiotic usage, antimicrobial resistance, and biomarker roles and clinical value in pediatric CAP must be addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the Clinical and Genetic Landscape of UQCRC2-related Mitochondrial Complex III Deficiency: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Verónica Bindi, Carolina Crespo, Francisco García, Kim Jihye, Hernán Eiroa, Luis Pablo Gravina, Hilda Verónica Aráoz","doi":"10.2174/0115733963454034260430145544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963454034260430145544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects are clinically heterogeneous and often challenging to diagnose. Complex III deficiency caused by UQCRC2 variants is exceptionally rare, with only a limited number of patients described worldwide. Reporting new cases is essential to expand the clinical and molecular landscape of this disorder and to provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe a female patient with UQCRC2-related complex III deficiency who experienced recurrent episodes of metabolic decompensation characterized by hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, and renal tubular dysfunction from early childhood. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed white matter lesions associated with mild neurological symptoms. During metabolic crises, management included intravenous glucose infusion and strict avoidance of prolonged fasting. At age 15, supplementation with coenzyme Q10 was introduced, followed by complete cessation of hospitalizations and a sustained clinical stabilization. Genetic testing identified compound heterozygosity for a known missense variant and a novel frameshift variant in UQCRC2. A literature review of previously reported cases confirmed the broad clinical variability, ranging from severe neonatal presentations to milder phenotypes with survival into adolescence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of UQCRC2-related complex III deficiency and suggests that targeted supplementation with coenzyme Q10 may contribute to improved longterm outcomes. Early recognition of metabolic crises, avoidance of fasting, and genetic confirmation are crucial for diagnosis and management. Further reports are needed to clarify genotype-phenotype correlations and to define the therapeutic role of coenzyme Q10 in this rare mitochondrial disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147981010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Narrative Review of Dietary Interventions and Supplementation for the Prevention and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis.","authors":"Anabelle M Y Ngai, Kam Lun Hon, Alexander K C Leung","doi":"10.2174/0115733963386609251201111619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963386609251201111619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects 20% of children, with persistent itching and repeated scratching that may interfere with daily activity and impair quality of life. Given the chronicity of the disease and its significant impact on quality of life, many parents and patients are interested in identifying alternative and \"natural\" therapies for the prevention and treatment of AD, such as nutritional supplements and dietary modifications. This article provides a narrative overview of dietary and nutritional interventions for the prevention and treatment of AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using PubMed Clinical Queries with the filter \"Therapy,\" scope \"Broad,\" and the keywords \"atopic eczema\" and \"atopic dermatitis,\" the following dietary and nutritional interventions from recent meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials in the prevention and treatment of AD in children were reviewed up to May 2025: empirical maternal antigen avoidance, elimination diet in infants, hydrolyzed milk formula, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), omega-3, vitamin D, vitamin E, and probiotics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is evidence that patients with AD have lower serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels, but maternal vitamin D supplementation does not decrease the risk of AD in offspring. For treatment, there is some evidence suggesting that vitamin D can decrease disease severity. There is no strong evidence supporting the use of GLA, omega-3, vitamin E, or other micronutrient supplementation for the prevention or treatment of AD. Evidence regarding the use of probiotics is limited by methodological issues in meta-analyses attempting to pool studies that use different strains and species.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Given the chronic nature of the disease and its significant impact on quality of life, many patients and parents are interested in alternative and \"natural\" therapies for AD, such as nutritional supplements and dietary modifications. There is substantial interest in primary prevention of AD, particularly through maternal and perinatal nutritional interventions. Some probiotics show a modest reduction in AD incidence, and formulations containing multiple bacterial strains appear to be more effective. The use of blood-specific IgE or skin prick tests to guide dietary exclusions with the goal of improving disease severity or control remains controversial, with very limited evidence of benefit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Many patients and parents are interested in alternative therapies such as nutritional supplements and dietary modifications due to the chronic, non-curable nature of AD and its associated quality-of-life impairment. There is also considerable interest in primary prevention through maternal and perinatal nutritional interventions, although strong evidence of efficacy is lacking. Some probiotics demonstrate beneficial effects with modest reductions in the rate of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147971369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NTRK Gene Fusions in Pediatric Soft-Tissue Tumors: Diagnostic Significance and Clinical Decision-making.","authors":"Gunvanti Rathod, Pragnesh Parmar","doi":"10.2174/0115733963458167260414053701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963458167260414053701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>Neurotrophic Tyrosine Receptor Kinase (NTRK) gene fusion is a newly identified and targetable oncogenic driver in various pediatric soft tissue tumors. This perspective aims to emphasize the diagnostic role and evolving practice of NTRK gene fusion in clinical practice, especially in the context of tumor-agnostic targeted therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a perspective review article based on the published literature on pediatric oncology and pathology, specifically the epidemiology, clinicopathologic features, diagnosis, and therapeutic outcomes of NTRK fusion-positive tumors. Special emphasis is placed on practical diagnostic algorithms and clinical trials of TRK inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NTRK gene fusion is highly prevalent in certain pediatric tumors, such as infantile fibrosarcoma, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, and secretory carcinomas, and may be used as a defining marker for these tumors. Pan-TRK immunohistochemistry is effective as a screening test for NTRK fusion-positive tumors, while RNA-based next-generation sequencing is used as a confirmatory test. TRK inhibitors such as larotrectinib and entrectinib have shown promising efficacy in pediatric tumors, with response rates of 70-80%.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite advances in the management of pediatric tumors, certain issues remain regarding testing algorithms for NTRK fusion-positive tumors and the management of acquired resistance to TRK inhibitors. The long-term safety of TRK inhibitors in pediatric populations, especially infants, needs to be addressed to enable effective management of NTRK fusion-positive tumors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NTRK gene fusions are a critical marker for pediatric soft tissue tumors and are used for precision medicine in these tumors. NTRK gene fusions are used as diagnostic markers for infantile fibrosarcoma, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, and secretory carcinomas, and they play a critical role in the management of these tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Events Associated with Over-the-counter Antidiarrheals in Children: An Observational Real-world FAERS-based Disproportionality Analysis Study.","authors":"Kannan Sridharan, Gowri Sivaramakrishnan","doi":"10.2174/0115733963435966260123055002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963435966260123055002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over-the-counter (OTC) antidiarrheal medications are commonly used despite potential risks for diarrheal management in children. We aimed to assess the reported suspected adverse events associated with OTC antidiarrheals from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a disproportionality analysis of suspected adverse event reports pertaining to commonly used antidiarrheals in the pediatric age group (aged < 16 years) as follows: bismuth subsalicylate, diphenoxylate, atropine/diphenoxylate, kaolin, pectin, and loperamide. Spontaneous reports from the FAERS database between March 2004 and June 2024 were obtained and analyzed using frequentist and Bayesian signal detection criteria to identify potential safety signals.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Loperamide accounted for the highest number of reports (n=256) of the total 311. Cardiac conduction abnormalities, lethargy, paralytic ileus, and fatalities with loperamide, and central nervous system adverse events with diphenoxylate and atropine/diphenoxylate were the key safety signals identified. Significantly higher mortality rates were observed with diphenoxylate and atropine/diphenoxylate compared to loperamide and bismuth subsalicylate (p = 0.00001). These findings are broadly consistent with existing clinical and regulatory literature and support existing recommendations cautioning against the routine use of certain antidiarrheal agents in young children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified significant risks associated with OTC antidiarrheal use in children. This emphasizes the need for caution among healthcare providers and caregivers. Judicious use is recommended in the pediatric age group, considering the potential severity of these adverse events. Continued pharmacovigilance is essential to ensure the safety of pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The EAT Algorithm: A Visual Tool to De-escalate Food Avoidance Anxiety in Parents.","authors":"Kam Lun Hon, Alexander K C Leung, Gilbert Chua, Ting Fan Leung","doi":"10.2174/0115733963423293251226104705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963423293251226104705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Managing parental food avoidance anxiety and concerns about their children, especially those with atopic disease, can be challenging and, at times, frustrating. The purpose of this article is to describe the usage of a simple schematic algorithm to counsel food-phobic parents. Anonymized brief cases are described to illustrate the utility of the EAT graphic algorithm, which is designed to counsel parents in managing concerns about food-avoidance anxiety. The application of the EAT algorithm in five diverse cases successfully guided dietary decisions, reduced unnecessary food avoidance, and aligned parental management with clinical evidence. The EAT algorithm provides an easy-to-understand visual schematic that can empower clinicians to counsel parents effectively, potentially reducing unnecessary testing and promoting a more normalized diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147456280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programs of Postural Education with Physical Activity in School Settings: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Gabriella Lavarda do Nascimento, Alexia Nadine Puel, Priscilla Moretto, Antonio Almir Junior Lima, Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo Guimarães, Anelise Sonza","doi":"10.2174/0115733963432290260121104400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963432290260121104400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate scientific evidence related to the protocols and effects of PEPs using theoretical and practical approaches and physical activity in school environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and registered on the PROSPERO platform. The search was conducted in five electronic databases until December 2024. Randomized controlled clinical trials, non-randomized clinical trials, and quasi-experimental, interventional, and longitudinal studies published over the last 10 years were included. The studies involved children and adolescents with typical development, participating in postural education interventions in school environments that involved physical activity. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro Scale, and the risk of bias was evaluated using ROB 2_cluster and ROBINSI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1,147 identified records, 11 studies met the eligibility criteria, involving 35-4,695 participants aged 5-16 years. While most studies reported improvements in postural knowledge and health education, findings on postural habits, pain reduction, and muscular endurance were inconsistent. Randomized clinical trials and most other studies exhibited good and reasonable methodological qualities, respectively. High and moderate risks of bias were prevalent.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Variability in assessment methods, interventions, and physical activity components limits standardization, yet studies aim to prevent postural changes and promote postural care to improve health in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PEPs incorporating physical activity show promise in improving postural knowledge, though evidence on long-term benefits for low back pain and postural behaviors remains inconclusive. Future research should standardize protocols and assess sustained outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147462622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}