{"title":"Drug Release and Cytotoxicity of Hyaluronic Acid and Zinc Oxide Gels, An In-Vitro Study.","authors":"Jaahnavi Lanka, Santhosh Kumar, Mohana Kumar B, Shama Rao, Shivaprasad Gadag, Usha Y Nayak","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2099647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2099647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring biopolymer, with a remarkable wound healing property. Zinc-oxide non-eugenol is a material widely used for periodontal dressing in dentistry. However, it has been reported that zinc oxide non-eugenol is toxic to osteoblasts and fibroblasts. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the drug release and cytotoxicity of HA and zinc-oxide gels. Hydrogels of HA and zinc oxide were formulated with carbopol as a carrier. <i>In vitro</i> drug release was performed by UV spectrophotometry, dialysis, and vial bag methods. Cytotoxicity assessment of HA and zinc-oxide gels was performed in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLF) and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). An inverted phase-contrast microscope was used to assess the morphological changes. At 24 and 48 hr, HPdLF cells showed the highest viability in 0.1% low molecular weight-HA (LMW-HA) with a median value of 131.9, and hGFs showed the highest viability in 5% LMW-HA with a median of 129.56. The highest viability of HPdLF cells was observed in 5% high molecular weight-HA (HMW-HA), with a median value of 127.11. hGFs showed the highest viability in 1% HMW-HA with a median value of 97.99. Within the limitations of the present study, we concluded that LMW-HA is more efficient than HMW-HA. Both HPdLF and hGF cells showed complete cell morbidity with zinc-oxide hydrogels. Therefore, zinc oxide-based gels in concentrations as low as 9% could be toxic intraorally to soft tissues that harbor gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":" ","pages":"212-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9327778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40573424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two new Cd(II)/Zn(II) coordination polymers: luminescence properties and synergistic treatment activity with ultrasound therapy on uterine fibroids.","authors":"Hong-Mei Liu, Xiao-Na Shang","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2088976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2088976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Through the self-assembly reaction of 5-substituted isophthalic acid and bis(imidazolyl) ligands with Cd(II) ion or Zn(II) ion, two new coordination polymers with the chemical formulae of [Cd(5-meo-ip)(bmip)]<sub>n</sub> (<b>1</b>) and [Zn(5-pro-ip)(bip)]<sub>n</sub>·2 n(H<sub>2</sub>O) (<b>2</b>) (5-meo-H<sub>2</sub>ip = 5-methoxyisophthalic acid, 5-pro-H<sub>2</sub>ip = 5-propoxyisophthalic acid, bmip = 1,3-bis(2-methylimidazolyl)propane bip = 1,3-bis(imidazolyl)propane) were successfully obtained and structurally characterized by a series of characterization techniques. Moreover, compounds <b>1</b>-<b>2</b> show intense blue luminescence at room temperature. Furthermore, the assessment of their treatment activity on the uterine fibroids combined with ultrasound therapy was evaluated and the specific mechanism was investigated at the same time. Firstly, the effect of compound treatment on uterine fibroids apoptosis was detected via flow cytometry. Next, the apoptotic signaling pathway activation was detected through the Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 Activity Assay Kit.</p>","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":" ","pages":"197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9225708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40399234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yimin Wu, Ling Zhang, Fudong Ma, Tao Ding, Ablikim Obolda
{"title":"Synthesis of carbazole-based dendritic conjugated polymer: a dual channel optical probe for the detection of I<sup>-</sup> and Hg<sup>2</sup>.","authors":"Yimin Wu, Ling Zhang, Fudong Ma, Tao Ding, Ablikim Obolda","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2088977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2088977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new type of carbazole-based blue-emitting dendritic conjugated polymer, poly[(9,9-dioctyl)-2,7-fluorene-co-4,4',4\"-triphenylamine-co-9-(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl)-3,6-carbazole](P), was successfully synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction. Chemical structures of monomers and polymer were verified by FI-IR and <sup>1</sup>HNMR characterizations. We found that polymer showed a special selectivity and high sensitivity for I<sup>-</sup>. With the addition of I<sup>-</sup>, the fluorescent polymer solution was obviously quenched. The polymer showed a special detection effect on I<sup>-</sup>. However, the fluorescent polymer was obviously restored when Hg<sup>2+</sup> was added to the P/I<sup>-</sup> system due to the large complexation between I<sup>-</sup> and Hg<sup>2+</sup>. The anti-interference experiments of probe P/I<sup>-</sup> showed that other background cations have a slight influence on detecting Hg<sup>2+</sup>, and the calculated detection limit of Hg<sup>2+</sup> reached 9.7 × 10<sup>-8</sup> M, which could be a potential application for a two-channel cyclic detection of I<sup>-</sup> and Hg<sup>2+</sup>. Additionally, it was found that the theoretical values were in agreement with the experimental data.</p>","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":" ","pages":"184-196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/76/TDMP_25_2088977.PMC9225711.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40399235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improvement of two Mn<sup>2+</sup> coordination polymers on cognitive function of aged rats after anesthesia.","authors":"Hao-Lin Zhang, Qiang Jia, Fen Tian, Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2090678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2090678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two Mn<sup>2+</sup> coordination polymers (CPs) with the scientific terms of {[Mn(TTPA)·(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]·H<sub>2</sub>O} <i><sub>n</sub></i> (<b>1</b>) and {[Mn(TTPA)·(H<sub>2</sub>TTPA)]·2DMSO} <i><sub>n</sub></i> (<b>2</b>) were favorably created on the basis of multidentate linking organic ligand 2,5-bis-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-terephthalic acid (H<sub>2</sub>TTPA) in the conditions of solvent-presupposed thermal reaction. To measure the influence of two Mn<sup>2+</sup> coordination polymers with novel structures, the ELISA assay and real-time RT-PCR assay were conducted in this present research. First of all, the ELISA assay was conducted to measure the content of inflammatory cytokines released into the hippocampal tissue. In addition to this, the relative expression of the TAU protein in the brain was further determined with real-time RT-PCR assay.</p>","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":" ","pages":"205-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9225759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40399236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The preparation of novel AIE fluorescent microspheres by dispersion polymerization.","authors":"Hui Wang, Zhizhou Liu, Xueyan Nan, Tong Wang, Xuming Sun, Liang He, Pengli Bai","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2088969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2088969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An approach to prepare monodisperse polystyrene microspheres with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics has been developed which shows promising applications in fluorescence-encoding. The micron-sized, monodisperse polystyrene microspheres with AIE molecules were perfectly synthesized by two-stage dispersion polymerization. Fluorescent AIE monomer was synthesized by Suzuki reaction, confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). These AIE fluorogens (AIEgens) exhibited unique properties such as bright green emission in solid state and increased emission in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution with the increase of water content. The influence of the AIE molecules concentration to microspheres synthesis was well investigated. The reaction conditions were optimized to obtain the functional polystyrene microspheres with a size distribution around 3%. The novel microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry. According to these results, two-stage dispersion polymerization was proved to be an efficient pathway for the preparation of AIE fluorescent and functionalized microspheres, which could be used in many biomedical industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":" ","pages":"175-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/da/57/TDMP_25_2088969.PMC9225794.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40399233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. M. Nizardo, Dzul Fadli Alimin, Maria L A D Lestari
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of dual-responsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-N-methylolacrylamide) nanogels","authors":"N. M. Nizardo, Dzul Fadli Alimin, Maria L A D Lestari","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2086412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2086412","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article reports the synthesis of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-N-methylolacrylamide) (P(NVCL-co-NMA)) nanogels and investigates their thermo-/pH-responsive behavior. The formation of nanogels was synthesized using free radical emulsion polymerization by varying the monomer composition of NVCL:NMA, and their molecular structure was characterized by 1H-NMR and FTIR. It was found that the nanogels were successfully prepared, and the nanogels exhibited LCST-type phase transition behavior. Cloud point transition temperature (Tc) was studied as a function of copolymer composition, MBA concentration, and pH of the solution by exploring their changes in turbidity using UV–vis spectrophotometer. Our studies reveal that Tc nanogels increased with increasing concentration of NMA, which is due to the hydrophilicity of NMA. Our research also demonstrated that the increase in MBA percentage could decrease the Tc of the synthesized nanogels. Interestingly, P(NVCL-co-NMA) nanogels showed not only a thermoresponsive behavior but also a pH response with increasing Tc in a strong acidic environment owing to the H-bonds within the polymer chains. The results show that nanogels with initial monomer composition of NVCL and NMA of 75% and 25%, respectively, and using 4% of MBA showed Tc around 35°C at pH 7.4. In addition, DLS studies also confirmed this result since the particle sizes became much larger after surpassing the temperature of 35°C. Due to this founding, such nanogels might have potential application in controlled release. Nevertheless, further studies regarding the adjustment of Tc are still needed.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"155 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46275924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Cu(II)-based coordination polymer: catalytic properties and treatment activity on stroke","authors":"Pengfei Gao, Ji-rong Liu","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2086396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2086396","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A fresh Cu(II) coordination polymer, i.e., [Cu3(Hmbdc)2(mbdc)2(dmphen)2]n (1, H2mbdc = isophthalic acid, dmphen = 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), has been generated with the hydrothermal reactions between Cu salts and the mixed ligands of 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and isophthalic acid. Moreover, the catalytic activity of 1 was evaluated via degrading the Congo red with a method of Fenton with an excellent degradation efficiency of 95.8% at 100 min. Next, the application value of compound on stroke was assessed, and the related mechanisms were explored at the same time. First of all, the tumor necrosis factor-α and recombinant rat IL-1β content released into the plasma were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection kit. Besides, the activation of the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway activation in cerebral vascular endothelial cells was also determined with real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assay.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"148 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43387142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Waqas, H. Sadia, Muhammad Imran Khan, M. Omer, M. Siddique, Shaista Qamar, Muhammad Zaman, M. H. Butt, M. W. Mustafa, Naeem Rasool
{"title":"Development and characterization of niosomal gel of fusidic acid: in-vitro and ex-vivo approaches","authors":"M. Waqas, H. Sadia, Muhammad Imran Khan, M. Omer, M. Siddique, Shaista Qamar, Muhammad Zaman, M. H. Butt, M. W. Mustafa, Naeem Rasool","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2086411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2086411","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Niosomes are multilamellar vesicles that efficiently deliver active substance into skin systemic circulation or skin layers. They are used in topical drug delivery system to enhance the skin permeation of active substance. So, the prime objective of this study was to develop a niosomal gel of fusidic acid to increase its skin permeation. Different formulations of niosomes of fusidic acid were designed by varying the cholesterol to surfactant ratio. Formulations containing fusidic acid, cholesterol, dihexadecyl pyridinium chloride, Span 60, or Tween 60 were prepared by thin film hydration method in rotary evaporator. The thin film formed in rotary flask was hydrated by phosphate buffer saline of pH 7.2. The niosomes formed were characterized through entrapment efficiency, size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. The S3 formulation containing span 60 showed the highest entrapment efficiency (EE) of niosomes, so it was incorporated into Carbopol gel. Determination of pH, spreadability, rheological, and ex vivo permeation studies was conducted of niosomal gel. The results of ex vivo permeation studies showed high permeation of fusidic acid when gel was applied to an albino rat skin. According to the results and previous studies of niosomes, it can be concluded that niosomes enhanced the permeation of fusidic acid through the skin.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"165 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42466081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vu Quoc Trung, Tran Thi Thuy Duong, Nguyen Thi Dua, N. N. Linh, Lai Dang Cuong, Dao Phuong Thao, Vo Khac Huy, Nguyen Hoang Ha Phuong, Nguyen Hien, Duong Khanh Linh, Vu Quoc Manh, N. T. Chinh, T. Hoang, L. Van Meervelt
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of some novel polythiophene derivatives containing pyrazoline","authors":"Vu Quoc Trung, Tran Thi Thuy Duong, Nguyen Thi Dua, N. N. Linh, Lai Dang Cuong, Dao Phuong Thao, Vo Khac Huy, Nguyen Hoang Ha Phuong, Nguyen Hien, Duong Khanh Linh, Vu Quoc Manh, N. T. Chinh, T. Hoang, L. Van Meervelt","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2086413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2086413","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Eight polythiophene derivatives containing pyrazoline side groups were synthesized by a chemical oxidative coupling polymerization using FeCl3. The crystal structures of four monomers were determined which confirm the almost perpendicular orientation of the thiophene and pyrazoline rings, while the other substituents are more coplanar. Analyses of IR, 1H-NMR, Raman and UV-Vis spectra demonstrated that the suggested polymerization was successful to generate the synthesized polythiophenes with the expected structures. The morphology of the synthesized polythiophenes was studied by SEM. The different substituents attached to the 1- and 3-positions of the pyrazoline side chain led to differences in optical properties, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability of the synthesized polythiophenes. By adding a pyrazoline side chain to polythiophenes, some polymers achieve good solubility, electrical conductivity of about 1.3 × 10–6 S/cm, high fluorescence intensity (above 40,000 a.u.) at 505–550 nm and thermal stability up to 590°C in the air.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"136 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48213331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Zn(II) coordination polymers: therapeutic activity and nursing application values against coronary heart disease","authors":"Sheng-Min Sang, Min-Xia Zhang","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2086397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2086397","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the current research, two coordination polymers (CPs) have been produced solvothermally on the basis of a semi-rigid multifunctional tricarboxylate, i.e., 5-(3,4-dicarboxylphenoxy) nicotic acid (H3L), and the chemical compositions of the two compounds are [Zn(H2L)2(H2O)2] 1 and [Zn(HL)(2,2'-bpy)] (2, 2,2'-bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), respectively. The structures and CHN analysis of both complexes were researched. The structural analysis results show that complex 1 features a 2D layered network with sql-type topology and complex 2 demonstrates a 2D layered network with uninodal hcb topology. The therapeutic activity and nursing application values of compounds against coronary heart disease were explored, and their relevant mechanism was assessed in meantime. The endothelin (ET) and prostacyclin (PGI2) contents released by the arterial endothelial cells into plasma were determined with ELISA assay. In addition to this, the alpha granule membrane protein 140 (GMP140) on the platelet was determined with real-time RT-PCR assay.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"128 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47067369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}