{"title":"Quantitative analysis of degree of substitution/molar substitution of etherified polysaccharide derivatives.","authors":"Xue-Li Liu, Chun-Feng Zhu, Han-Chun Liu, Jia-Ming Zhu","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2054118","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2054118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the unique properties such as nontoxicity, biodegradability, availability from renewable resources, and cost-effectiveness, polysaccharides play a very important part in the science and technology field. The various chemically modified derivatives of these offer a wide range of high value-added in both food and non-food industries. Among the chemical modification, etherified polysaccharide is one of the most widespread derivatives by introducing an ether group which is commonly stable in both acidic and alkaline conditions. Hydroxyalkylation, alkylation, carboxymethylation, cationization, and cyanoethylation are some of the modifications commonly employed to prepare polysaccharides ethers derivatives. There also has been a growing tendency for creating new types of modification by combining the different means of chemical techniques. The correct determination of degree of substitution (DS)/molar substitution (MS) is crucially important. The objective of this article is to summarize developments in synthetic etherified polysaccharides, involving analytical methods for determination of MS/DS, measurement processes, and the associated mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"75-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8956314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10615106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nariman Shahid, Alia Erum, Muhammad Zaman, U. Tulain, Qurat-ul-ain Shoaib, N. Malik, R. Kausar, A. Rashid, Umaira Rehman
{"title":"Synthesis and evaluation of chitosan based controlled release nanoparticles for the delivery of ticagrelor","authors":"Nariman Shahid, Alia Erum, Muhammad Zaman, U. Tulain, Qurat-ul-ain Shoaib, N. Malik, R. Kausar, A. Rashid, Umaira Rehman","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2054117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2054117","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this contemporary work was to formulate a controlled release mucoadhesive nanoparticle formulation for enhancing the oral bioavailability of Ticagrelor (TG), a BCS class IV drug, having low oral bioavailability of about 36%. The nanoparticles can act as efficient carriers for hydrophobic drugs, due to having high surface area and hence can improve their aqueous solubility due to their hydrophilic nature. The nanoparticles (NPs) of TG were formulated using chitosan (CH) as polymer and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as cross-linker, by ionic gelation technique with varying concentrations of polymer with respect to TG and TPP. Characterization of prepared nanoparticles was carried out to assess zeta potential, size, shape, entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC), using zeta sizer, surface morphology and chemical compatibility analysis. Drug release was observed using UV-Spectrophotometer. By increasing concentration of CH the desired size of particles (106.9 nm), zeta potential (22.6 mv) and poly dispersity index (0.364) was achieved. In vitro profiles showed a controlled and prolonged release of TG in both lower pH-1.2 and neutral pH-7.4 mediums, with effective protection of entrapped TG in simulated gastric conditions. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) showed the crystalline nature of formed NPs. Hence, this effort showed that hydrophobic drugs can be effectively encapsulated in nanoparticulate systems to enhance their solubility and stability, ultimately improving their bioavailability and effectiveness with better patient compliance by reducing dosing frequencies as well.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"55 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41595996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elnaz Gholizadeh, Meriem Naim, R. Belibel, H. Hlawaty, C. Barbaud
{"title":"Novelty in the development of biodegradable polymer coatings for biomedical devices: paclitaxel grafting on PDMMLA derivatives","authors":"Elnaz Gholizadeh, Meriem Naim, R. Belibel, H. Hlawaty, C. Barbaud","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2054116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2054116","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Biocompatible and biodegradable polymers are widely used in the medical field. In some cases, the biopolymer is accompanied by an active drug, which is delivered locally in a controlled manner in order to improve the healing conditions. Poly([R,S]-3,3-dimethylmalic acid) (PDMMLA) is a synthetic amphiphilic biodegradable polymer, which unlike PLA, can be chemically modified to adapt hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, degradation kinetics, and physicochemical and biological properties. It may contain a lateral alkyl group or a functional group for coupling bioactive molecules to release during its degradation. In this work, we realized the chemical grafting of paclitaxel (PTX), a microtubule stabilizing anti-cancer agent on PDMMLA derivatives bio-polyesters following a Steglich esterification protocol. 1D and 2D NMR analyses validated the reaction with 10% (using 0.1 equivalent) of PTX on the copolymer PDMMLAH40-co-Hex60 (PDMMLA 40/60) and a maximal PTX grafting rate of 55% on the homopolymer PDMMLAH (PDMMLA 100/0). In vitro adhesion and cytotoxicity assays were carried out on HUVEC cells with PDMMLA 40/60, PDMMLA-PTX 30/10/60 and PLA.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"64 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49487033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two new supramolecular Ag(I) coordination polymers: luminescent properties and treatment activity on glioblastoma","authors":"Xiao-Feng Yan, Yu-Qiang Sun, Qing-Wei Li","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2041785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2041785","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Two new Ag(I) coordination polymers, namely [Ag(bpp)]·0.5 n(1,5-NDSA)·n(H2O) (1) and [Ag2(bpp)2]n·n(2,7-NDSA)·2 n(H2O)·n(CH3CN) (2) (Na2(1,5-NDSA) = sodium 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate dibasic, Na2(2,7-NDSA) = sodium 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate dibasic, bpp is 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane), were generated via the solution evaporation method under room temperature. Moreover, the solids of these two compounds display strong luminescence emission at RT. And the application values of the compounds against the glioblastoma treatment were determined, and the corresponding mechanism was simultaneously tested. The analysis of CCK-8 was first implemented and the glioblastoma viability was measured. The real-time RT-PCR was next performed, and the signaling pathway activation of VEGF in glioblastoma cells was tested after treating by the above compound.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"47 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48078327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Beatriz Morales Cepeda, Luis A Macclesh Del Pino, Claudia Esmeralda Ramos Galvan, Eric Joaquín González Pedraza, Luciano Aguilera Vazquez
{"title":"Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerin with CaCO<sub>3</sub> in a batch reactor.","authors":"Ana Beatriz Morales Cepeda, Luis A Macclesh Del Pino, Claudia Esmeralda Ramos Galvan, Eric Joaquín González Pedraza, Luciano Aguilera Vazquez","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2037215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2037215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present work, a reaction methodology was implemented using a batch reactor, which synthesized glycerol carbonate (GC) using glycerin and CaCO<sub>3</sub>. A crystallographic analysis of CaCO<sub>3</sub> was performed to determine its crystalline form. The obtained product was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C). Our analysis demonstrated that the obtained product with the implemented reaction methodology has GC, FTIR showed the signals of the carbonyl groups, and the NMR spectrum confirmed the presence of cyclic carbonate structure in addition to linear carbonates. The thermogravimetric study showed that the thermal stability of the product is highly similar to that reported for GC. These results exhibit that the synthesis process produces linear and cyclic carbonates.</p>","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":" ","pages":"25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8843122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39930702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic effect of two transition metal coordination polymers on ovarian cancer by regulating the expression of estrogen receptor.","authors":"Jin Zhao, Lan Du","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2033432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2033432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, via using a ligand featuring oxalamide groups N,N'-bis(4-phthalic acid) (H<sub>4</sub>L), two new Cu(II) and Co(II)-containing coordination polymers with the chemical formulae of [Cu<sub>2</sub>L(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>4</sub>]<sub>n</sub> (<b>1</b>) and [Co(H<sub>2</sub>L)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>n</sub> (<b>2</b>) have been successfully prepared via reaction of the corresponding metal salts with the H<sub>4</sub>L ligand. The as-prepared two coordination polymers have been studied via the single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. Their therapeutic effect and mechanism for ovarian cancer was evaluated and explored. Firstly, the inhibitory activity of the new compounds on the proliferation of the ovarian cancer was measured with CCK-8 assay after compound treatment. Besides, the relative expression of the estrogen receptor on the ovarian cancer cells after compound treatment was also determined with real-time RT-PCR assay.</p>","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":" ","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8843167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39930701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new 3D heterometallic coordination polymer: luminescent property and nursing application value on acute cerebral infarction.","authors":"Li Cong, Yun-Zhi Pan, Ying-Hui Qin, Ji-Na Jiang","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2033431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2033431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the solvothermal reactions of flexible tetracarboxylic acid ligand with the Cd(II) and Ca(II) ions, we acquired a new heterometallic coordination polymer formulated as {[Cd<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>(L)<sub>2</sub>(DMF)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>7</sub>]·(DMF)·2(H<sub>2</sub>O)}<sub>n</sub> (<b>1</b>, H<sub>4</sub>L is 5-(bis(4-carboxybenzyl)amino)isophthalic acid, DMF is N,N'-Dimethylformamide). Furthermore, the solids of <b>1</b> shows ligand-centered luminescence at room temperature. It not only evaluated the treatment and nursing application value on acute cerebral infarction, but also explored the related mechanism. Above of all, ELISA assay measured the content of the MMP-9 released into the cerebrospinal fluid, and the real time RT-PCR was implemented and the NF-κB activation in the brain tissue was measured.</p>","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":" ","pages":"12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8820831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39780932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Senthilkumar, Sasmita Dash, R Vigneshwari, E Paulraj
{"title":"Aceclofenac-loaded pluronic F108/L81 mixed polymeric micelles: effect of HLB on solubilization.","authors":"M Senthilkumar, Sasmita Dash, R Vigneshwari, E Paulraj","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2028373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2028373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pluronic block copolymers have phase behavioural characteristics which are extensively studied for drug delivery applications. In this study, we explored hydrophilic pluronic F108 (HLB = 27), hydrophobic pluronic L81 (HLB = 2) and their mixed micelles acting as solubilising mediums for model drug aceclofenac. The drug solubilisation and interactions have been analysed using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Rheology studies, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope, Dynamic light scattering, Cloud point and partition coefficient measurements. The investigation from UV-spectrophotometry demonstrated that mixed pluronic entrapped greater number of aceclofenac molecules than both the neat pluronics at same concentration. Excimer formation was evidenced from fluorescence spectra with pyrene as a probe. The rheological studies showed difference in viscosity over low shear range. Studies on FTIR demonstrated probable bonding between the aceclofenac and mixed pluronic molecules. The DLS studies on mixed pluronic showed swelling of micellar diameter from 317.6 nm to 413.5 nm. Thermodynamic parameters of the above system revealed higher partition coefficient value for mixed pluronic and spontaneity in drug solubilisation. This study can be exploited to use a hydrophobic copolymeric micelle in mixed pluronic formulation for better drug solubilisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8803101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39882524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xian Li, Yawen Huang, Xu Ye, Quan Long, Wen Yuan, Li Fan, Qiuxia Peng, Jiajun Ma, Junxiao Yang
{"title":"Low dielectric resins derived from hyperbranched carbosilane oligmers functionalized by benzocyclobutene groups.","authors":"Xian Li, Yawen Huang, Xu Ye, Quan Long, Wen Yuan, Li Fan, Qiuxia Peng, Jiajun Ma, Junxiao Yang","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2021.2003556","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15685551.2021.2003556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycarbosilanes have been considered as potential materials used in electronic packaging and circuit boards owing to their excellent low-dielectric performance. In this work, we prepared new hyperbranched carbosilane oligomers (HCBOs) which were functionalized by benzocyclobutene (BCB) groups. HCBOs can be thermally cured to produce transparent (HCBRs) with low dielectric constant and high thermostability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"24 1","pages":"362-370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8667947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39817780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication, Characterization and Toxicity Evaluation of Chemically Cross linked Polymeric Network for Sustained Delivery of Metoprolol Tartrate.","authors":"Sumaira, Ume Ruqia Tulain, Alia Erum, Muhammad Ajaz Hussain, Sidra, Nadia Shamshad Malik, Ayesha Rashid, Rizwana Kausar, Nitasha Gohar, Nariman Shahid, Mahwish Siddiqui","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2021.2003995","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15685551.2021.2003995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural mucilages are auspicious biodegradable polymeric materials. The aim of the present research work was to elucidate the characteristics of quince mucilage-based polymeric network for sustained delivery of metprolol tartrate and its toxicity evaluation. Mucilage was extracted by hot water extraction, and characterization of quince mucilage was accomplished by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Different batches of quince mucilage polymeric network were prepared by free radical polymerization by utilizing varying ratios of quince mucilage, acrylamide and crosslinker. Degree of swelling depends on concentration of mucilage, monomer and also on crosslinking density of polymeric network. FTIR illustrates proficient grafting, and morphological (scanning electron microscopy) analysis signified porous design. Hence, quince mucilage-based design was encouraging for sustained delivery of metprolol tartrate and acute toxicity evaluation proved that mucilage-based network was safe for oral drug delivery system.</p>","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"24 1","pages":"351-361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8667954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39817779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}