Discover. Oncology最新文献

{"title":"LAMP2 drives M2 macrophage polarization and promotes glioma progression through autophagy.","authors":"Defu Zhao, Chuansheng Zhao, Xiuli Shang, Anan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05746-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-026-05746-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macrophages are abundant immune cells in the glioma microenvironment and are closely associated with cancer progression. Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) is a key regulator involved in the maturation of autophagolysosomes. This study employed scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq analyses to identify the potential role of LAMP2 in low-grade glioma (LGG) progression. In glioma cells, LAMP2 was upregulated, and lentiviral knockdown of LAMP2 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while increasing apoptosis. In vivo, LAMP2 knockdown suppressed tumor growth. Mechanistically, in glioma cells, LAMP2 silencing reduced autolysosome formation and impaired late-stage autophagic flux, supporting a role for LAMP2 in autophagolysosome maturation. In macrophages, LAMP2 expression was higher in M2-polarized cells, and LAMP2 overexpression enhanced M2 markers together with autophagic activity; autophagy inhibition by 3-MA attenuated these effects. Importantly, conditioned medium from LAMP2-overexpressing M2 macrophages promoted malignant phenotypes of glioma cells, supporting a macrophage-to-tumor pro-tumor effect. These findings highlight LAMP2 as a critical regulator of autophagy-mediated macrophage polarization and tumor progression, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in LGG.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13498535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intratumoral but not circulating estradiol predicts postoperative survival in men with hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Yaqi Wang, Nan Zhang, Hongye Zhao, Yewei Liu, Meng Hu, Xiaoming Wang, Panpan Ma, Shaohua Wang, Shuang Cao, Yanan Zhao, Chao Sun","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05732-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-026-05732-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sex disparity in HCC indicates vital estrogen signaling roles. The clinical significance of intratumoral and circulating estradiol (E2) remains unclear in male HCC. This study explored their correlations with clinicopathological features, postoperative survival and tumor growth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Paired tumor and adjacent liver tissues and preoperative serum were collected from 120 male HCC patients; serum from 120 healthy men served as controls. E2 levels were measured by iodine-125 radioimmunoassay, and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression, with sensitivity analyses based on cohort median, 12-month time-dependent ROC-derived cutoffs, and continuous-variable Cox models. HepG2 cells were treated with E2 and evaluated by CCK-8, colony formation, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. Mouse xenograft models were established with HepG2 cells pretreated with or without E2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intratumoral E2 was significantly lower in HCC than in adjacent tissues, while serum E2 was higher in HCC patients than in healthy controls (both P < 0.001). ERα and ERβ expression was reduced in tumor tissues (both P < 0.01). Low intratumoral E2, but not serum E2, was associated with larger tumor size and poorer postoperative survival (HR = 1.722, 95% CI 1.145-2.592, P = 0.009). E2 inhibited HepG2 proliferation and reduced PCNA expression in vitro, whereas xenografts established from E2-pretreated HepG2 cells showed reduced growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower intratumoral E2 levels were associated with larger tumor size and poorer postoperative survival in men with HCC. These findings support further evaluation of intratumoral E2 as a potential prognostic biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report and literature review of synchronous follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma with metastasis to femur.","authors":"Cai Zhenying, Liu Mengsong, Zhang Jianyong, Peng Yunsong","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05714-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-026-05714-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroid carcinoma is common, but the synchronous occurrence of bilateral tumors with discordant histology-specifically follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)-is extremely rare. It is even more uncommon for such cases to present initially with distant bone metastasis from an occult FTC, which poses a significant diagnostic challenge. We report a case of a 67-year-old male who presented to the orthopedic department with left hip pain. Imaging revealed bone destruction, and a biopsy confirmed metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Although the patient had no neck symptoms, a subsequent thyroid workup identified bilateral nodules. The patient underwent hip replacement followed by total thyroidectomy. Postoperative pathology confirmed a synchronous left-sided invasive FTC and a right-sided multifocal PTC. The bone metastasis was attributed to the FTC component. The patient was referred for radioactive iodine (I-131) therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights that metastatic thyroid cancer should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lytic bone lesions, even in patients without palpable goiters. For rare synchronous bilateral carcinomas, the prognosis is often determined by the more aggressive subtype (FTC), necessitating a multidisciplinary approach involving surgery and systemic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological features and impact on surgical axillary management of encapsulated papillary carcinoma of the breast.","authors":"Yasmine Hany Abdel Moamen Elzohery, Ahmed Orabi, Galal Ghaly, Neveen Gamal Fathy Ali, Eman Ali Khalaf, Hazem Abdelazim, Sherif Nasser Taha, Mohamed Fathy Abdelfattah Abdelrahman Elithy","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05609-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-026-05609-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) is a rare breast malignancy accounting for approximately 0.5-1% of all breast cancers. Although generally associated with favorable outcomes, the presence of invasive carcinoma may influence axillary nodal involvement, treatment decisions, and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinicopathological and imaging characteristics of EPC, assess the frequency of associated invasive disease and axillary lymph node involvement, and determine their impact on surgical axillary management and oncological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included all consecutive patients diagnosed with EPC and treated surgically at Baheya Center for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Egypt, between 2017 and 2024. Clinical, radiological, pathological, treatment, and follow-up data were reviewed. Patients were classified as pure EPC, EPC associated with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), or invasive EPC. Survival outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 113 patients with EPC were included. Histopathological evaluation demonstrated pure EPC in 22 patients (19%), EPC associated with DCIS in 17 (15%), and invasive EPC in 74 (65%). Most patients were postmenopausal, and the majority of tumors exhibited favorable biological characteristics, including high hormone receptor positivity and low HER2 expression. Axillary metastases were identified in 15 patients (13.2%) and occurred exclusively in tumors associated with invasion. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed in 82 patients (72.5%), axillary dissection in 11 (9.7%), and no axillary surgery in 20 (17.6%). Invasive EPC was associated with larger tumor size, higher pathological stage, and increased nodal involvement compared with non-invasive EPC. During follow-up, loco-regional recurrence occurred in four patients and distant metastases in three patients, all within the invasive EPC subgroup. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated excellent overall and disease-free survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EPC is an uncommon breast malignancy with an overall favorable prognosis, but it remains a diagnostically and therapeutically challenging entity because of its heterogeneous pathological spectrum and the variable presence of associated invasive carcinoma. It needs individualized axillary management, with routine axillary staging potentially unnecessary in carefully selected patients with pure EPC, while invasive EPC warrants more comprehensive surgical assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic disparities in survival of patients with superficial colorectal cancer.","authors":"Shuo Chen, Shuang Zhao, Jingtao Li, Shiyu Du","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05726-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-026-05726-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited data are available regarding the impact of socioeconomic disparities on the survival of patients with superficial colorectal cancer (SCRC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used population-based data from the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program registry to conduct a retrospective cohort study to examine the impact of gender, race, geographic location, and socioeconomic factors on survival outcomes in SCRC patients. Additionally, we explored how socioeconomic factors influenced survival in SCRC patients when stratified by age at diagnosis. To assess the influence of socioeconomic factors on overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), we employed the Cox proportional hazards model, adjusting for relevant clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>50,671 SCRC patients were included in the final analysis. Compared to patients aged 20-39, older age groups showed progressively higher hazards of CSS, with adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) of 1.21 (95%CI 0.85-1.72) for the 40-49 age group, 1.45 (95%CI 1.05-2.00) for the 50-59 age group, 1.97 (95%CI 1.43-2.70) for the 60-69 age group, and 4.25 (95%CI 3.11-5.82) for those aged 70 or older. Statistically significant increases in CSS hazard were observed in the 50-59, 60-69 and 70 years or older age groups. The AHR for OS among patients aged 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and 70 or older was 1.54 (95%CI 1.18-2.01), 2.24 (95%CI 1.75-2.86), 4.07 (95%CI 3.20-5.18), and 10.98 (95%CI 8.65-13.94), respectively. Female patients had higher 5-year CSS (by 0.80% points) and OS (by 2.50% points) rates compared to male patients. Black patients showed comparable CSS to White patients. However, their OS was significantly lower (AHR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14), corresponding to a 1.70-percentage-point reduction in the 5-year OS rate. Furthermore, among patients aged 50-59, the hazard of death was elevated for those who were unmarried (AHR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.68-2.15) or had low income (AHR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.62-3.18) alone, but it was markedly higher for those possessing both risk factors (AHR = 3.63, 95% CI 2.17-6.10). Rural residents also demonstrated a survival advantage, particularly in the 40-49 age group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found significant socioeconomic disparities in SCRC survival, with older age, male gender, Black race, unmarried status, and lower income associated with poorer outcomes. Moreover, we identified a critical intersectional pattern in which marital status and income were jointly correlated with inferior survival outcomes. Potential strategies including expanded screening coverage, optimized medical care accessibility and culturally adapted health policies are proposed as future research directions, which may help alleviate clinical disparities and facilitate health equity in SCRC management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13518721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148825211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel hypoxia-related signature for predicting prognosis, immune characteristics, and therapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Chengting Wu, Yuanqin Du, Juhong Jia, Xinyuan Chen, Longda Wu, Yaran Zhao, Qian Peng, Jiazhi Li, Yanhua Lai, Dewen Mao, Yanfei Wei","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05691-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-026-05691-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop and validate a hypoxia-related gene signature for prognostic assessment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to explore its associated biological characteristics and immune features. In addition, a self-established human tissue cohort was used to verify the expression stability of the identified signature genes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The TCGA-LIHC cohort was used as the training set to identify differentially expressed hypoxia-related genes associated with overall survival. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and Cox regression analyses were subsequently applied to construct a prognostic model. The predictive performance of the model was externally validated using the GSE14520 and GSE116174 cohorts. Functional enrichment and immune microenvironment analyses were performed to characterize the biological differences between risk groups. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted in a human tissue cohort, including normal liver tissues, adjacent non-tumorous tissues, and HCC tissues, to validate the expression patterns of the four signature genes (TMEM45A, PPARGC1A, EFNA3, and STC2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A four-gene hypoxia-related prognostic signature was established and successfully stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited significantly poorer overall survival in both the training and validation cohorts. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that high-risk tumors were associated with activation of pathways related to cell-cycle progression, MYC targets, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metabolic reprogramming. Immune analyses demonstrated increased M0 macrophage infiltration and elevated expression of multiple immune checkpoint genes in the high-risk group. qRT-PCR validation further confirmed the differential expression patterns of the four signature genes in human HCC tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This four-gene hypoxia-related signature demonstrated robust prognostic performance across multiple independent cohorts and was associated with distinct metabolic and immune characteristics in HCC. qRT-PCR validation further supported the expression stability of the identified genes in human tissues. These findings provide a useful framework for prognostic stratification and future investigation of hypoxia-related biological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13469028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148723082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional roles and clinical implications of pseudogenes signatures as emerging biomarkers in cancer.","authors":"Mohamed Bakr Zaki, Nadia M Hamdy, Mai A Abd-Elmawla, Nehal I Rizk, Doaa Fathi, Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud, Rehab A Ismail, Ahmed S Doghish, Ahmed I Abulsoud","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05324-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-026-05324-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pseudogenes' possible functions in gene control and illness have now come to light. However, it has been recognized that numerous pseudogenes play a critical role in the regulation of their respective parent genes, and it is well-established that pseudogenes influence oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Moreover, pseudogenes are being emphasized for their possible use as diagnostic cancer and prognostic biomarkers. Defining, contextualizing, classifying, and discussing the evolutionary relevance of pseudogenes are all aspects of their complex nature that this article explores. An examination of the clustering and co-expression patterns of pseudogenes, as well as the potential regulatory tasks they may perform, is undertaken. This review seeks to investigate the implications of pseudogenes in various cancer types. Pseudogenes' evolution, biogenesis, and classifications, with in silico analysis, will be reported comprehensively. Additionally, the current review will enumerate the potential of pseudogenes as diagnostic biomarkers and their prognostic significance (good vs. bad) in different cancers. The review elucidated their various functions in cancer and concluded the need for further research to fully understand the roles of pseudogenes in health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mendelian randomization analysis of inflammatory proteins and lung adenocarcinoma risk.","authors":"Heyi Tan, Shirong Ma, Yi Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05708-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-026-05708-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the potential causal effects of six circulating inflammatory proteins on lung adenocarcinoma risk using Mendelian randomization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genetic instrumental variables were selected from genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for six inflammatory proteins (beta-nerve growth factor, C-C motif chemokine 25, cystatin D, interleukin-18, tumor necrosis factor, and VEGF-A). Three Mendelian randomization methods, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis as the primary method, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median analysis, were applied with a relaxed instrument selection threshold of P < 1 × 10^-5. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and the stability of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the six inflammatory proteins examined, C-C motif chemokine 25 (CCL25) showed a significant causal association with increased lung adenocarcinoma risk (IVW OR = 1.055, 95% CI: 1.021-1.090, P = 0.0013), which survived Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (threshold P < 0.0083). Beta-nerve growth factor, cystatin D, interleukin-18, tumor necrosis factor, and VEGF-A did not show significant associations after correction. Sensitivity analyses did not indicate substantial horizontal pleiotropy, though interleukin-18 showed evidence of heterogeneity (Cochran Q P = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among six circulating inflammatory proteins, C-C motif chemokine 25 was significantly associated with increased lung adenocarcinoma risk, whereas the remaining five proteins showed null associations after correction for multiple testing. These findings suggest a specific rather than generalized role of inflammatory mediators in lung adenocarcinoma risk. Results should be interpreted cautiously because of the relaxed instrument selection threshold and the need for external validation in independent populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148976049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the anti-tumor effects of myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) and its bioactive constituents.","authors":"Huanyun Zhang, Mengran Guo, Yuwen Li, Fengbo Wu","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05628-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-026-05628-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of malignant tumors is plagued by intricate challenges of pathogenesis and drug resistance, which continuously drive the scientific community to explore novel therapeutic strategies. Natural products, with their inherent chemical diversity and multi-targeted effects, have emerged as a crucial direction in anticancer research. Commiphora myrrha, commonly referred to as myrrh, is a traditional medicinal resin with a long-standing history in therapeutic use, and its preclinical anticancer properties have gradually garnered increasing attention. Studies have identified that the primary bioactive constituents of myrrh include sesquiterpenes, triterpenoid compounds, steroids, and phenolic derivatives. These bioactive components exert their antitumor effects through multiple mechanisms, such as inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, regulating the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, and remodeling the tumor microenvironment. However, current research on myrrh's anticancer effects still faces challenges, including the complexity of its constituents, unclear mechanisms of action, and insufficient validation of its efficacy in physiologically relevant models. Future research is expected to overcome these obstacles through multi-omics integration and the design of targeted delivery systems. This review aims to summarize the research progress on myrrh and its active components in the field of anticancer therapy, with a focus on their potential mechanisms of action and the key knowledge gaps that remain to be addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13545172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the prognostic nutritional index at baseline and follow-up in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.","authors":"Muhammet Cengiz, Ayşe Nuransoy Cengiz, Oktay Bozkurt, Gozde Erturk Zararsiz, Ahmet Kursat Disli, Ridvan Gonul, Kamuran Yuceer, Irfan Bugday, Aleyna Erakcaoğlu, Emel Mutlu Ozkan, Mevlude Inanc, Metin Ozkan","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05672-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-026-05672-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) represent a population with a higher proportion of elderly patients compared to other patient groups. Androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPISs) are frequently used in current treatment regimens. Although the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) is widely utilized, its stand alone capacity to accurately predict overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of PNI in mPC patients treated with ARPIs and to optimize survival predictions by developing integrated multivariable logistic and Cox regression models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PNI was calculated at baseline and third month after treatment initiation. To assess cross-sectional predictive capability, multivariable logistic regression models were developed for OS and PFS events, and their diagnostic performance was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Subsequently, time-to-event dynamics and hazard ratios were analyzed using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The multivariable logit model demonstrated robust predictive performance for survival outcomes. Utilizing the model-derived optimal probability cutoff of 0.343, patients were successfully stratified into distinct prognostic cohorts. The high-probability risk group (≥ 0.343, n = 86) exhibited a significantly worse prognosis, with accelerated curve decline and earlier, more frequent mortality. In contrast, the low-probability group (< 0.343, n = 51) showed a favorable prognosis, maintaining an approximate 30% survival rate up to the 75th month (Log-rank p = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evaluating nutrition alone is not enough to predict how mPC patients will progress. By tracking PNI changes over time and combining them into multivariable logistic model, we can much better predict overall survival and progression-free survival. In practice, using our model's 0.343 cutoff score allows us to easily catch high-risk patients early on, helping physician step in with personalized nutritional and medical support.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}