Discover. Oncology最新文献

{"title":"A bibliometric analysis reveals a dynamic growth in the use of artificial intelligence in oral cancer research over three decades.","authors":"Irna Sufiawati, Anisa Insyafiana, Rifat Rahman, Adi Idris","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-03293-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-03293-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral cancer (OC) remains a significant malignant neoplasm in both the developed and developing world. Artificial intelligence (AI) has had a significant impact on scientific disciplines, including oncology by transforming data analysis and predictive capabilities. Recent advancements in AI have enabled researchers to integrate and synthesize multidimensional datasets, infer patterns, and predict outcomes, ultimately enhancing shared decision-making between patients and clinicians. This bibliometric analysis aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of AI in OC research over the last three decades. Our analysis of 351 articles retrieved from SCOPUS between 1998 and 2024 using VOSviewer highlights the dynamic growth of AI in OC research. The significant trends in publications and citations reflect the increasing interest and impact of this field. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, funding agencies, and researchers, guiding future efforts to integrate AI technologies into oral oncology practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay between innate-like T-cells and microRNAs in cancer immunity.","authors":"Mohammad Javad Yousefi, Yashmin Afshar, Amirmohammad Amoozadehsamakoosh, Alma Naseri, Fereshteh Soltani, Niloufar Yazdanpanah, Kiarash Saleki, Nima Rezaei","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-03234-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-03234-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Innate-like T cells (ILTCs) have recently emerged as a new target of several cancer immunotherapies. Some unique features, such as rapid MHC-independent recognition of antigens, performing heterogeneous anti-tumor activities, and being less susceptible to tumor-induced suppression, suggest promising roles of ILTCs in cancer immunology. On the other hand, these cells exhibit a dualistic nature in cancer, which includes both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects, highlighting the importance of the complex regulatory environment of their functioning and activation. The functions and evolution of ILTC are greatly influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules that mediate post-transcriptional regulation. Considering the kind of ILTCs, miRNA, and cancer type, this interaction resembles both a tumor promoter and suppressor. ILTC functions and evolution are closely associated with microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNA molecules that play posttranscriptional regulatory roles. Depending on the type of ILTCs, miRNA, and cancer, this interaction resembles both a Tumor promoter and a tumor Suppressor. This review addresses the complicated relationship between ILTCs and different miRNAs, such as miR-155, let-7 s, and miR-181a, expressed in tumor cells, ILTCs, or packed in tumor-derived exosomes. We will underscore the synergetic effects of the expression of miRNA in tumor and immune cells, influencing ILTC's function and cancer progression. We emphasized the recent and innovative therapeutic approaches, novel delivery systems, and CAR-T cell-based strategy, and the therapeutic potential of modifying the expression of miRNA to regulate the miRNA expression to modulate ILTC activity and improve cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knockdown of CSF1R molecules enhances the antitumor effects of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes in bladder cancer.","authors":"Jingxuan Peng, Dongjie Li, Boyu Xiang, Zhongyi Li, Zhengyan Tang","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-03244-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-03244-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we preliminarily investigated the efffects of the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) molecules on CD8⁺ T cells in bladder cancer (BLCA) and the underlying molecular mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effects of CSF1R in CD8⁺ T cells on BLCA cell proliferation, migration and, invasion were determined by cell-killing assay and transwell assays.For in vivo experiments, tumours tissues were divided into four portions: (1) histological staining, (2) flow cytometry detection, (3) mRNA gene sequencing analysis, and (4) qPCR validation. Information related to 161 bladder cancer patients with BLCA at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from 2019 to 2023 was collected. The pathological tissues were subjected to immunofluorescence. By calculating the Jordon index, CD8⁺ T cells with CSF1R expression at or above 0.39-fold were included in the high-expression group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Knocking down of CSF1R in CD8⁺ T cells inhibited BLCA proliferation, migration, and invasion. Flow cytometry revealed that it could lead to increased infiltration of immune cells. mRNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot (WB) results suggested that creatine kinase (Ckm) was significantly decreased after CSF1R knockdown.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provides novel insights into the roles of CSF1R in BLCA progression and the underlying crosstalk between tumour metabolism and the immune microenvironment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive analysis through Mendelian randomization of immunological markers and sphingolipid metabolism.","authors":"Dunpeng Yang, Wentian Zhang, Qibin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-03224-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-03224-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung cancer pathogenesis involves complex interactions between immune system components and metabolic pathways. However, the causal relationships between these factors remain unclear. This study aimed to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to establish causal links between immunological markers, metabolic factors, and lung cancer development, while integrating multi-omics data for comprehensive molecular characterization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a two-sample MR analysis of 731 immunological features and 1,400 metabolites using inverse-variance weighted methodology. The analysis was supplemented with single-cell expression profiling, functional enrichment analysis, and machine learning approaches. Multiple MR methodologies, including MR-Egger and heterogeneity testing via Cochran's Q statistic, were employed to validate findings. We specifically investigated the mediating role of sphingomyelin in the relationship between T cell %lymphocyte levels and lung cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MR analysis identified 25 blood cell phenotypes significantly linked to lung cancer susceptibility, with memory antigen-presenting cells showing notable risk association (OR = 1.0763, 95%CI: 1.0147-1.1417, P = 0.0145). Seventy-six metabolites demonstrated causal influences on lung cancer pathogenesis, particularly within sphingolipid metabolism pathways. Single-cell profiling revealed significant differential expression of six genes (APCDD1L, CNTNAP4, GNG13, KIRREL2, LINC00628, and LIPK) between normal and tumor tissues. Machine learning models constructed from these findings demonstrated robust predictive performance in both TCGA and GEO datasets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Through rigorous MR analysis, this study establishes causal relationships between specific immune markers, metabolic pathways, and lung cancer development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma in inguinal region complicated with membranous nephropathy: a case report.","authors":"Xinyun Qiang, Jieyu Lu, Mujie Ye, Ruitong Xu, Qiyun Tang","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-03097-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-03097-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare, malignant tumors characterized by variable incidence rates globally, with an overall trend of increasing frequency. The gastrointestinal tract and lungs are the most common primary sites for NENs. Between 11% and 22% of NENs present without an identifiable primary site, with the liver being the most frequent site for metastases. However, metastasis to the inguinal lymph nodes remains uncommon. Tumor-associated kidney disease can occur in association with both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Membranous nephropathy is the most prevalent pathological type of tumor-associated kidney disease in patients with solid tumors, and its occurrence in patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma is extremely rare. This article discusses the case of a 72-year-old male patient with metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma of unknown primary origin, presenting with inguinal metastasis and membranous nephropathy. It details the patient's clinical presentation, diagnostic process, treatment plan, and prognosis, with the goal of increasing awareness and understanding of this rare condition and reviewing pertinent literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of the clinical and biological significances of polyamine metabolism in glioma.","authors":"Fei Bai, Kexin Zhai, Tiantian Yao, Yuxia Zhou, Yongxiang Zhao, Guanghui Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-03126-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-03126-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyamines, including spermidine, spermine, and putrescine, are polycationic alkylamines in mammalian cells. However, the prognostic impact of polyamine in glioma remains unclear. In the present study, we performed bioinformatic analysis to characterize the expression of polyamine metabolism family members in patients with glioma. A prognostic gene model was conducted based on the 13 prognostic polyamine metabolism genes. The nomogram exhibited excellent performance in predicting the survival rates of glioma patients. Enrichment analysis showed that the characteristics of genes related to polyamine metabolism affected glioma in many ways, especially related to tumor inflammation, hypoxia and IL6/JAK/STAT3 pathway. In vitro experiments demonstrated that targeting SMS protein could effectively inhibit the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. What's more, IHC staining was conducted on glioma tissue microarrays to confirm the expression patterns of genes related to polyamine metabolism in glioma tissues. In summary, polyamine metabolism is a powerful prognostic indicator and can be used as a promising target to strengthen the personalized treatment of glioma.The developed system can improve our understanding of the role of polyamine metabolism in gliomas, paving the way for more precise and effective treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging molecular insights and clinical application: non-coding RNAs, targeted drug delivery, and metastatic breast cancer therapy.","authors":"Sohini Chakraborty, Satarupa Banerjee","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-03090-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-03090-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common types of malignancy diagnosed globally. Metastasis plays a major role in most of the cancer-related mortality among affected patients. Despite the advances in the areas of early detection and localized treatment modalities, there prevail several challenges which the therapeutic strategies encounter, like drug resistance, tumor heterogeneity, and drug delivery. This review presents a comprehensive and detailed overview of organ-specific metastasis that occur in BC, specifically emphasizing key sites such as the bone, liver, lung, and brain. It also outlines the significance of various therapies like chemotherapies, endocrine therapies, targeted therapies and immunotherapies that have been clinically approved to date. The review specifically emphasizes the molecular mechanisms by which non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) act to exert their effects in regulating drug resistance. It also addresses the new advances in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (DDS) that function to enhance the specificity of treatments while simultaneously reducing systemic toxicity. Beyond ncRNAs, this review also explores other critical mechanisms of drug resistance in metastatic BC, including efflux transporter activity, target gene mutations, and micro-environmental factors, to mention a few. Moreover, the review also discusses the clinical significance of combination therapies and new therapeutic strategies, including the use of repurposed drugs and the concepts of personalized medicine. A greater understanding of the ncRNA-mediated signaling pathways, in combination with the latest advances in drug delivery systems, has the potential to greatly improve therapeutic efficacy and could result in more favorable clinical outcomes in the treatment of metastatic BC (MBC).</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jet lag-induced circadian disruption elevates glioma risk by altering molecular profiles in distinct brain regions.","authors":"Yong Zhang, Wanling Zheng, Rufei Dai, Tianyi Ma, Zonghan Li, Jichen Li, Jiawei Shen","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-03253-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-03253-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the mechanism underlying chronic jet lag (CJL)-induced circadian disruption stimulating glioma-related gene expression across distinct brain regions, and to examine the regulatory role of core clock genes in modulating neural oncogenic susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This experiment was initiated with the establishment of an animal model of CJL (6-h light-cycle advances every 2 days for 10 or 30 days) in wild-type and clock gene-deficient mice (Bmal1^-/-, Per1/2^-/-, and Cry1/2^-/-). Then, tissues harvested from six neural regions (i.e., hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, raphe nuclei, and nucleus accumbens) were subjected to tissue-specific qPCR profiling of cancer-related genes (C-MYC, MDM-2, GADD45A, and p53). Additionally, bioinformatics analyses (DAVID, ConsensusPathDB) was employed to identify pathway interactions, with statistical validation using ANOVA and t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CJL induced brain region-specific dysregulation of oncogenic pathways, with marked activation of oncogenes (C-MYC↑, and MDM-2↑) in hypothalamic and striatal regions, while suppression of tumor suppressors (GADD45A↓, and p53↓) in hippocampal and cortical regions. Clock gene mutations amplified these effects, particularly in Bmal1^-/- mice, indicating core clock components as critical modulators of neural oncogenesis. Meanwhile, sex-dependent differences emerged in cerebellar tumor suppressor responses to CJL. Besides, pathway analysis revealed circadian-glioma crosstalk through p53-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle regulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chronic circadian disruption acts as a brain region-specific oncogenic stressor, driving transcriptional reprogramming of cancer pathways in a clock gene-dependent manner. Mechanistically, our study may establish a relationship of circadian dysfunction with glioma risk, underscoring the necessity for sex-stratified chronotherapeutic approaches in neuro-oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol-related disorders are associated with short-term outcomes in lung cancer patients undergoing VATS lobectomy: a 5-year retrospective analysis.","authors":"Shanshan Wu, Xianying Zhu, Kangming Pan, Weibin Wu, Yue Chen, Xiaoying He, Hai Li, Hongyu Guan","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-03262-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-03262-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol abuse/dependence has been associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. This study aims to evaluate the impact of alcohol abuse/dependence on short-term surgical outcomes in lung cancer patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) covering the years 2016 to 2020, focusing on 13,273 lung cancer patients who had undergone VATS lobectomy. Patients were categorized based on their history of alcohol abuse/dependence. A 1:2 nearest-neighbor propensity-score matching was performed to align the alcohol exposure group with control subjects. The study assessed several outcomes, including the incidence of short-term postoperative complications, in hospital mortality rates, length of stay, and overall hospital costs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After matching, 333 patients with alcohol abuse/dependence were compared to 660 without. Patients with alcohol-related issues exhibited significant higher complication rates, including postoperative acute respiratory insufficiency (OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.63-4.13), pulmonary collapse ( OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.11-2.65), pneumonia ( OR, 4.77; 95% CI, 2.29-9.94), blood transfusion (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.26-7.41), mechanical ventilation (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.56-5.98), and sepsis/shock (OR, 8.50; 95% CI, 2.86-25.26). Furthermore, patients with alcohol abuse/dependence who underwent VATS lobectomy had significantly elevated hospital costs (P = 0.006) and a prolonged length of stay (P < 0.001). Trend analyses indicated a progressive increase in the incidence of various postoperative complications-including acute respiratory insufficiency, pulmonary collapse, pneumonia, supraventricular arrhythmias, gastrointestinal issues, blood transfusion requirements, mechanical ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, and sepsis/shock-correlating with the severity of alcohol abuse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings reveal the substantial effect of alcohol exposure on short-term outcomes for lung cancer patients undergoing VATS lobectomy. The adverse influences of alcohol abuse/dependence were particularly pronounced in this surgical context. These results emphasize the necessity for preoperative risk stratification in these high-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association and interaction network analysis of immune cell subgroups in cervical cancer microenvironment based on Mendelian randomization.","authors":"Yan Cai, Nanxing Jiang, Yan Wang, Min Ji, Wenzhe Shen, Qiming Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-03238-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-03238-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interactions among cell subgroups in the cervical cancer immune microenvironment play crucial roles in tumor development, but their causal relationships remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed Mendelian randomization to analyze causal associations between immune cell subgroups and cervical cancer. Multiple statistical methods, including inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and simple mode approaches, were used to evaluate effect sizes. Hierarchical clustering, UMAP, and t-SNE were applied for cell subgroup classification, combined with MIF signaling pathway analysis for cell-cell interaction networks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most immune cell subgroups showed effect estimates close to 1.000 (95%CI: 0.997-1.002) with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed eight major cell populations: regulatory T cells, T cells, epithelial cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, ciliated epithelial cells, B cells, and fibroblasts. Cell-cell interaction network analysis demonstrated extensive connectivity among immune cells and between immune and epithelial cells, with particularly strong interactions between monocytes and other immune cells. MIF signaling pathway analysis further confirmed the close relationship between regulatory T cells and T cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study systematically revealed the causal associations among cell subgroups in the cervical cancer immune microenvironment using Mendelian randomization, providing new insights into understanding tumor immune microenvironment regulation mechanisms and potentially offering theoretical basis for optimizing cervical cancer immunotherapy strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}