{"title":"Gut Escherichia coli promotes lung cancer by increasing circulating STAMBP production.","authors":"Xinpei Li, You Mo, Shijie Shang, Meng Wu, Shuling Ma, Zijun Zhai, Qian Song, Dawei Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-02206-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-02206-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Excessive abundance of gut pathogens and inflammatory lung damage are potential risk factors for lung cancer. Nevertheless, the exact function of inflammatory proteins in mediating the nexus between gut microbiota and lung cancer remains elusive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We first executed Mendelian randomization analysis with the inverse variance weighting method as the primary method, followed by a sensitivity analysis of the results. Finally, we carried out in vitro experiments and database analyses to corroborate our conclusions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After multiple tests, we identified that the gut genus Parasutterella and species Escherichia coli (E. coli) were tied a heightened risk of lung cancer, while Bacteroides salyersiae was a protective factor against lung cancer. Circulating STAM-binding protein (STAMBP) and C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 23 were considered potential risk factors for lung cancer. In vitro experimental results indicated that the E. coli supernatant significantly induced lung cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle transition but suppressed cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, E. coli increases the production of STAMBP to promote lung cancer progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicated that gut E. coli can potentially increase STAMBP secretion, thereby promoting lung cancer progression. This research delivers a new viewpoint for analyzing the carcinogenic mechanism of E. coli as well as the subsequent prevention and management of lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yawen Song, Zheng Hou, Longting Zhu, Yan Chen, Jingyu Li
{"title":"Oxidative stress as a catalyst in prostate cancer progression: unraveling molecular mechanisms and exploring therapeutic interventions.","authors":"Yawen Song, Zheng Hou, Longting Zhu, Yan Chen, Jingyu Li","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-02245-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-02245-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy among men worldwide, with its incidence and mortality rates steadily increasing. Although androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with androgen receptor inhibitors has shown significant efficacy in treating prostate cancer, resistance to treatment remains a major challenge, particularly in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a class of highly reactive molecules, can induce oxidative stress within cells, thereby affecting cellular survival and function. In cancer cells, elevated ROS levels not only promote proliferation and invasion but also contribute to the malignancy of tumors by modulating the tumor microenvironment, enhancing angiogenesis, and facilitating extracellular matrix remodeling. This review systematically explores the pathways of ROS generation in prostate cancer, their interaction with the androgen receptor signaling pathway, and the role of external factors such as obesity and aging in promoting ROS production. The findings highlight that ROS drive prostate cancer progression through multiple mechanisms, including altering the tumor microenvironment, activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), and regulating miRNA expression. By providing a comprehensive analysis of ROS-mediated mechanisms in prostate cancer, this review offers new insights into the development of targeted antioxidant therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of preeclampsia in breast cancer risk: insights from Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Chenfei Qian, Ganwei Xiong, Shihao Hong, Linzhe Miao, Yitao Guo","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-02248-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-02248-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between preeclampsia and breast cancer risk is still debated, with observational studies yielding inconsistent results. This research aims to clarify the causal link between preeclampsia and breast cancer using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are significantly associated with preeclampsia, which served as genetic instruments. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) approach was applied, primarily using inverse variance weighting (IVW) to assess the causal impact of preeclampsia on breast cancer risk. To strengthen our findings, a meta-analysis of IVW estimates from both discovery and validation cohorts was performed, complemented by sensitivity analyses to investigate heterogeneity and potential horizontal pleiotropy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the discovery cohort, IVW analysis revealed a potential inverse relationship between preeclampsia and breast cancer risk (OR, 0.971; 95% CI, 0.947-0.996; P = 0.022). However, the validation cohort did not demonstrate a significant causal association (OR, 0.992; 95% CI, 0.975-1.008; P = 0.327). The combined meta-analysis indicated that preeclampsia might be linked to a lower risk of breast cancer (OR, 0.986; 95% CI, 0.972-0.999; P = 0.041). In subgroup analysis, preeclampsia was found to have a potential association only with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer (OR, 0.956; 95% CI, 0.916-0.999; P = 0.043), while no significant link was observed with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (OR, 0.972; 95% CI, 0.945-1.000; P = 0.051). Sensitivity analyses indicated no significant heterogeneity or evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This MR study, supported by a robust meta-analysis, suggests that preeclampsia may have a protective effect against breast cancer, especially ER-negative breast cancer. However, to firmly establish this relationship, additional prospective studies with larger populations are warranted. Moreover, further exploration of the biological mechanisms underlying this potential association is needed through both in vitro and in vivo research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xing Xiong, Li Zeng, Fanhui Zeng, Yu Huang, Linghua Jia
{"title":"Bioinformatics exploration of the S1PR1 receptor in various human cancers and its clinical relevance.","authors":"Xing Xiong, Li Zeng, Fanhui Zeng, Yu Huang, Linghua Jia","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-02241-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-02241-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>S1PR1 (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1) plays a critical role in key cancer-related processes such as cell migration, proliferation, and survival. While its functions are well-established in the cardiovascular and immune systems, its mechanism in cancer remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate the expression, mutations, post-translational modifications, and immune infiltration of S1PR1 across different cancers, and particularly focus on its potential as a therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized HPA, GTEx, TCGA and CPTAC bioinformation databases to evaluate the expression level of S1PR1 between normal and cancer tissue. Sequence conservation and phylogenetic analysis of S1PR1 are assessed by NCBI and Pfam database. Gene mutations, methylation, phosphorylation, and immune infiltration of S1PR1 were analyzed by cBioPortal, MethSuv, CPTAC and TIMER2.0 respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>S1PR1 expression varied significantly among cancers, with decreased levels in bladder and breast cancers, and increased levels in renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia. Mutation analysis revealed frequent mutations in endometrial, lung, and ovarian cancers. Reduced methylation in lung adenocarcinoma correlated with improved survival. Elevated phosphorylation was observed in glioblastoma and renal carcinoma. Immune infiltration analysis showed significant correlations with CAFs and γδ T cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>S1PR1 plays a critical role in cancer progression through its expression, mutations, and modifications. These findings suggest that S1PR1 could be served as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer, but it need a further validation in clinical settings is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiahui Zhang, Wenjun Su, Yue Wang, Peiji Zeng, Wei Wang, Wenjie Fu, Chengfu Cai
{"title":"Evaluating the predictive value of log odds of positive lymph nodes on postoperative survival in patients with laryngeal cancer: a SEER population-based study.","authors":"Jiahui Zhang, Wenjun Su, Yue Wang, Peiji Zeng, Wei Wang, Wenjie Fu, Chengfu Cai","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-02193-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-02193-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditionally, the AJCC TNM staging system has been the primary tool for assessing the severity and prognosis of laryngeal cancer. Although several studies have demonstrated that the log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) offers superior predictive accuracy compared to the TNM staging for other cancers, there is limited research for laryngeal cancer. This study analyzed data from SEER database (2000-2019). Independent risk factors for survival were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and different prognostic models were constructed based on the multivariate analysis results. The predictive performance of these models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) values. The results indicated that LODDS subgroup, age, marital status, histologic grade, T-stage, and N-stage were consistent independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Assessment metrics showed that the multivariate model, which incorporated both LODDS and N staging, outperformed the individual N staging and LODDS models in predicting postoperative prognosis in laryngeal cancer patients. Overall, the multivariate model constructed in this study is a superior tool for predicting the postoperative status of laryngeal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanotechnology in prostate cancer: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2023.","authors":"Hui Zhang, Hongpeng Chen, Gaowei Guo, Jinming Lin, Xiaosheng Chen, Peidong Huang, Chuqi Lin, Huirong Lin, Yong Lu, Jieming Lin, Xinji Li, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-02265-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-02265-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate cancer (PC) contributes to male mortality worldwide. The objective of this study is to comprehensively depict the scientific accomplishments and research trends in nanotechnology for PC applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection database, publications were gathered on the basis of inclusion and selection criteria. The publications were analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer, R-studio and CiteSpace software tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1949 studies were incorporated. Farokhzad was the most productive author. The United States and China released 58.13% of the total publications. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most influential institution, and the International Journal of Nanomedicine stood out as a prominent journal in this field. The most frequently referenced publication and research subject category were identified. The most extensively investigated area was nanoparticle-based drug delivery, while recent research has focused on anticancer with novel nanocarriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A bibliometric analysis in the PC and nanotechnology was conducted between 2004 and 2023. The overview and characteristics of the publications were identified. We discussed the application and restrictions faced by nanotechnology in PC management. The study of nanotechnology in PC treatment needs to be further studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A mendelian randomization study on the association between type 2 diabetes and the risk of bladder cancer.","authors":"Yuan He, Yu Chen, Chang Gao","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-02218-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-02218-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We used Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to examine the potential causal effects of type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits on bladder cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two-sample MR analyses were conducted using summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Exposures included type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, and proinsulin levels, with bladder cancer as the outcome. Four methods-inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode-were used to assess the causal effects. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure that the results were robust.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the inverse variance weighted model, a weak positive effect was detected between genetically predicted HbA1c and bladder cancer (OR = 1.003, 95% CI = 1.0001 to 1.0052, P = 0.043). Other MR methods produced results with the same trend, although not all were statistically significant. However, there was no evidence to support the effect of type 2 diabetes, fasting insulin, or proinsulin levels on bladder cancer. No significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mendelian randomization analysis indicated a mild promoting effect of increased HbA1c levels on bladder cancer risk. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel gene signature associated with anoikis predicts prognosis and unveils immune infiltration in breast cancer patients.","authors":"Yangchi Jiao, Fuqing Ji, Lan Hou, Juliang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-02213-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-02213-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer, a prevalent malignancy worldwide, necessitates the identification of novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. This study delved into the significance of genes related to anoikis in breast cancer, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of its pathogenesis and treatment strategies. Initially, we identified differentially expressed anoikis genes in breast cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, revealing a complex landscape of gene expression. Through unsupervised clustering based on these genes, we uncovered three distinct subtypes that exhibited unique prognostic outcomes. Subsequently, utilizing LASSO and Cox regression analyses, we developed a risk score model that accurately predicted patient survival in both discovery and validation cohorts. Furthermore, we explored the functional implications of these genes and discovered associations with immune cell infiltration as well as drug sensitivity. Our analysis on drug sensitivity revealed potential antineoplastic agents that could be tailored for specific subtypes of breast cancer. In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis provides novel insights into the role played by genes related to anoikis in breast cancer and holds promise for improved prognostic assessment and targeted therapy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of CCDC58 as a potential predictive biomarker of immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Zishen Liu, Xiaotong Lin, Tingting Tan, Guozhu Xie, Ying Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-02185-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-02185-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mitochondrial dynamics play a critical role in the proper functioning of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Coiled-coil domain-containing 58 (CCDC58), a mitochondrial-related gene, has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer and infections. However, its predictive value in immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and multiple online datasets were analyzed to explore the correlation between CCDC58 and clinicopathological features, prognosis, related signaling pathways and immune cell infiltration in HCC. Furthermore, primary T cells were isolated and cell experiments such as cytotoxic assays and transwell assays were conducted to verify pivotal conclusions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that CCDC58 expression levels were significantly increased in HCC tissues. High CCDC58 expression in HCC tissues was significantly correlated with the patients' TNM stage, histologic grade, AFP level, tumor status, and poor clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the high expression of CCDC58 conferred a decreased immune activated phenotype and poor immune cell infiltration, and was strongly associated with expression of immune cell exhaustion markers in HCC. After the knockdown of CCDC58 in HCC cell lines, we observed that cytotoxicity of primary T cells increased via decreasing PD-1 expression on T cells and migration ability of primary T cell enhanced.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study indicated that CCDC58 might serve as a potential predictive biomarker of immune cell infiltration in HCC and is correlated with poor prognosis in HCC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of metabolic transformation in cancer immunotherapy resistance: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.","authors":"Sandesh Shende, Jaishriram Rathored, Tanushree Budhbaware","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-02238-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-02238-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer, with immune inhibitors helps in many cancer types. Many patients still encounter resistance to these treatments, though. This resistance is mediated by metabolic changes in the tumour microenvironment and cancer cells. The development of novel treatments to overcome resistance and boost immunotherapy's effectiveness depends on these metabolic changes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review concentrates on the molecular mechanisms through which metabolic transformation contributes to cancer immunotherapy resistance. Additionally, research therapeutic approaches that target metabolic pathways to enhance immunotherapy for resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used databases available on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to perform a thorough review of peer-reviewed literature. focusing on the tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy resistance mechanisms, and cancer metabolism. The study of metabolic pathways covers oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment is produced by metabolic changes in cancer cells, such as dysregulated lipid metabolism, enhanced glutaminolysis, and increased glycolysis (Warburg effect). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells are promoted, immune responses are suppressed, and T cell activity is impaired when lactate and other metabolites build up. changes in the metabolism of amino acids in the pathways for arginine and tryptophan, which are nutrients crucial for immune function. By enhancing their function in the tumour microenvironment, these metabolic alterations aid in resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Metabolic change plays a key role in cancer immunotherapy resistance. Gaining knowledge of metabolic processes can help develop efficient treatments that improve immunotherapy's effectiveness. In order to determine the best targets for therapeutic intervention, future studies should concentrate on patient-specific metabolic profiling.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":"453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}