Discover. Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Real-time survival assessment in breast cancer with liver metastasis.","authors":"Shu Fang, Guohua Ren, Qiuyue Liu, Ling Qiang","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-03639-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-03639-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13507001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AKR7A3 rs1738023 association with susceptibility to female hepatocellular carcinoma and its role in AFB1 metabolism and tumor.","authors":"Jiakao Zhang, Yuan Liao, Ketuan Huang, Yongfei He, Meifeng Chen, Shutian Mo, Qiang Gao, Xinping Ye, Tao Peng, Chuangye Han","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05757-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-026-05757-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide. In this study, we performed a two-stage exome-chip association analysis and found that the aldo-keto reductase family7 member A3 (AKR7A3) rs1738023 may be a potential susceptibility locus for HCC in females. We aimed to explore its role and mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The association between genotype and phenotype was analyzed through GWAS method. The expression of AKR7A3 in cancer tissue and blood analysis by qRT-PCR. The relationship of AKR7A3 and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was also analyzed. The effect of AKR7A3 on the biological behavior of HCC cell line was investigated on proliferation and invasion. The potential mechanism was analyzed by transcriptome analysis and western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through genome-wide association analysis (GWAS), AKR7A3 (rs1738023), KIF2C (rs4342887), and CYP3A5 (rs6977165 and rs4646450) were found to be associated with susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in women. Further expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis showed that only AKR7A3 (rs1738023) was significantly associated with gene expression. The expression of AKR7A3 was significantly lower in HCC than adjacent non-tumorous tissues (P < 0.001). The genotype of rs1738023 was significantly associated with AKR7A3 expression (P = 0.0085). Rs1738023[C] genotype had a low AKR7A3 expression level and limited detoxification ability of AFB1. Literature data showed that AKR7A3 is involved in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Functional experimental results showed that overexpression of AKR7A3 in the normal liver cell line HL-7702 could significantly reduce AFB1-induced ROS levels and DNA adduct formation, suggesting that it plays a protective role in AFB1 metabolic detoxification. Cell function test showed that overexpression of AKR7A3 inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells, and block the cell cycle. Transcriptome sequencing and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that overexpression of AKR7A3 affected the PI3K signaling pathway and led to downregulation of HIF1A and its downstream VEGFA protein expression. The validation results were confirmed in HCC cell lines Huh-7 and SUN-387.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overexpression of AKR7A3 contributes to inhibition of HCC progression and reduction of aflatoxin toxicity. AKR7A3 may serve as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for HCC patients, although further validation is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13558527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A single-center study of prognostic impact and treatment implications of cribriform pattern in prostate cancer.","authors":"A Handke, M Dellino, C Orf, N Wang, C Darr, P Bach, F Roghmann, K H Tully","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05817-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-026-05817-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cribriform prostate cancer (cPCa) is increasingly recognized for its aggressive behavior and poor prognosis compared to conventional acinar adenocarcinoma. It is associated with adverse pathological features and excludes patients from active surveillance, highlighting the need for accurate identification. This study aimed to evaluate oncologic outcomes and characterize subsequent treatment patterns in a single-center cohort of patients with cribriform prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Materials: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 401 patients who underwent prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy (RP) between 01/2020 and 12/2021 at a high-volume tertiary center. Of these, 112 patients had cPCa. Data on biopsy and prostatectomy specimens, post-treatment management, biochemical recurrence, and follow-up until August 2025 were collected. Cox regression was used to identify predictors of poor oncologic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 112 patients with cPCa, 66.1% had high-risk disease, and 30.4% had intermediate-risk disease. Biopsy detected 40 cases, with an additional 72 identified in the final post-RP specimen. At diagnosis, 6.3% had metastatic disease. At the time of surgery, 19.2% had lymph node metastases, and 16.4% had positive surgical margins. The median follow-up was 54 months. Univariable analysis showed that high Gleason score (≥ 8), lymph node positivity, and locally advanced stage were associated with decreased systemic therapy-free survival. In metastatic disease, no differences were found in therapy duration or time to castration-resistant prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>cPCa is an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis, characterized by high-risk features and early need for systemic therapy. These findings underscore the need for prospective studies exploring multimodal treatments for this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of clinical characteristics between children and adults with adrenal mass.","authors":"Jian Song, Kaiping Zhang, Shanchuan Han, Min Chao, Yin Zhang, Xianguo Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05617-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-026-05617-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Adrenal mass (AM) is a common disease with severe health problems. Its pathogenesis is different in adults and children; therefore, this study compared the differences in the clinical characteristics of AM between adults and children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study collected the clinical data of participants from a pediatric and an adult institution between January 2015 and January 2025. The data primarily included gender, age, initial presentation, mass size, site of the mass, functional mass, surgery, and pathological diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1049 AM patients were analyzed in this study, including 811 (77.3%) adults and 238 (22.7%) children. Of 238 children, 141 (59.2%) were boys, and the median age of this cohort was 2.6 years. The most common AM was hematoma (52.1%), followed by neuroblastoma (28.2%) and ganglioneuroblastoma (9.7%). In 811 adults, including 402 (49.6%) male cases, the median age at initial diagnosis was 52 years. The common AM cases included adrenocortical adenoma (68.4%), pheochromocytoma (10.4%), and myeloid lipoma (7.6%). Compared to adults, children often showed a large-sized (> 4 cm) AM, which was less functional, benign masses. Furthermore, there were statistical differences between the two paired groups (p < 0.05). Similarly, 113 (47.5%) children and 713 (87.9%) adults underwent surgery. Most children (89, 78.8%) received open surgeries, while most adults (690, 96.7%) chose minimally invasive surgeries. It was found that most AMs were incidentally detected in both children and adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that in children, hematoma was the most common AM followed by neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma, whereas the most commonly detected AMs included adrenocortical adenoma, pheochromocytoma, and myeloid lipoma in adults. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in some clinical characteristics of children and adults with AM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13518668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148825202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Jet lag-induced circadian disruption elevates glioma risk by altering molecular profiles in distinct brain regions.","authors":"Yong Zhang, Wanling Zheng, Rufei Dai, Tianyi Ma, Zonghan Li, Jicheng Li, Jiawei Shen","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-03333-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-025-03333-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148789515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNF research trends and an RNF43-based prognostic model for colorectal cancer with immune microenvironment analysis.","authors":"Jiayu Song, Huanhuan Zhang, Zelin Zheng, Ranran Shi, Qingwei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05765-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-026-05765-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The RING finger (RNF) protein family, the largest family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and progression; however, a comprehensive macroscopic analysis of this field is still lacking. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent malignancy worldwide, and its substantial heterogeneity urgently calls for more precise prognostic biomarkers. This study integrated bibliometric and bioinformatics approaches to systematically delineate the RNF research landscape, construct a CRC prognostic risk model based on the RNF43 interaction network, and explore its association with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Bibliometric analysis revealed that publications in the RNF field have increased rapidly (compound annual growth rate of 28.5%), with research hotspots shifting toward CRC and other diseases, and RNF43 emerging as a core frontier. Analysis of TCGA and GTEx data showed that RNF43 was significantly overexpressed in CRC. Through the STRING database, RNF43-interacting proteins were screened and intersected with CRC-related targets, identifying RNF43-mediated core CRC targets (RNF43, FZD1, FZD5, FZD8, LGR4, LGR5, RSPO1, RSPO2, RSPO3, RSPO4, and AKAP8L). Based on the TCGA-COAD+READ cohort (n = 541), these core targets were incorporated into LASSO regression analysis, resulting in a risk score model comprising LGR4, RSPO4, AKAP8L, and RNF43. In the training set (TCGA-COAD+READ), the high-risk group exhibited significantly shorter overall survival (OS), with AUCs of 0.61, 0.60, and 0.61 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS, respectively. The model was externally validated in the GSE39582 cohort (n = 579), although the AUC values remained modest. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the risk score, age, and tumor stage were independent prognostic factors for OS in CRC patients; a nomogram integrating these three factors showed acceptable calibration. TME analysis revealed that the high-risk group displayed a \"pro-inflammatory phenotype under immunosuppression\": increased infiltration of stromal components, increased CD8⁺ T cells but decreased CD4⁺ memory T cells, unexpectedly elevated M1 macrophages, and no significant difference in overall immune score. This complex imbalance pattern-characterized by increased effector cells, loss of memory cells, and pro-inflammatory polarization accompanied by potential functional suppression-suggests a possible mechanism of immune evasion. In conclusion, this study is the first to adopt a strategy combining \"macro-level bibliometric insights\" with \"micro-level bioinformatics mining,\" systematically delineating the research trajectory of the RNF family and successfully constructing and validating a CRC prognostic risk model based on the RNF43 interaction network. This model may serve as an auxiliary stratification tool with potential prognostic value and may also reveal associations between the risk score and TME stromal activation and immune dysfunction, providing new insights f","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological fact versus technical artifact in ER negative PR positive breast cancer.","authors":"Ahmed M Fareed, Farida A Shokeir, Essam Attia, Omar Hamdy, Saleh S Elbalka, Raghda Tarek, Ahmed Abdallah, Khaled Abdelwahab","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05650-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-026-05650-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Estrogen receptor (ER) negative/progesterone receptor (PR) positive is an infrequently reported biological subtype of breast cancer (BC). Various authors have treated its existence doubtfully. To our knowledge, this study is the first within Egypt and the Middle East to investigate this rare subgroup of BC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included all ER-/PR + BC patients treated in our center from 2016 to 2022. The collected data were coded, processed, and analyzed using IBM SPSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 149 patients with ER-/PR + breast cancer. The mean age was 50.3 years (21-83). The mean follow-up interval was 68 months. pT1 represented 20.8% of the cases, pT2 tumors were 50%, pT3 tumors were 16.7%, while pT4 tumors were 5.6%. As regards nodal staging, pN0 were 36.3%, pN1 24.7%, pN2 19.2%, and pN3 19.8%. The main histology of the tumors was infiltrating duct carcinoma (81.2%), followed by lobular carcinoma (8.7%). Weak PR positivity (Allred score < 6) was documented in 92 patients (61.7%). While the remaining patients showed strong PR positivity (scores of 6 or higher), 68% were HER2 receptor-negative. In the follow-up period, 39% of the patients suffered from disease relapse. The mean disease-free survival was 60.8 months, and the mean overall survival was 69.8 months. The nodal status was the only variable that significantly affected disease-free and overall survival in the univariate analysis, while no factor affected survival in the multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ER-/PR + breast cancer seems to be an underestimated subtype, which is more aggressive than double-positive hormonal receptor breast cancer but less aggressive than double-negative hormonal receptor breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13490350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148789529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of mismatch repair deficient tumors in young Jordanian patients.","authors":"Olfat Ahmad, Iyad Sultan, Maysa Hussaini, Osama Alsmadi, Christian Sutter, Steffen Hirsch, Robert J Autry, Christopher Previti, Asta Försti, Benjamin Schwalm, Lama AbuJamous, Nisreen Amayiri, Mayada Abu Shanap, Rola Amareen, Salsabeel Aljawabrah, Lara Fryjat, Aya Al-Naimat, Areen Qaisi, Hala Alnaimat, David E Reuss, Nicholas R Fernandez, Anirban Das, Uri Tabori, Stefan M Pfister, Christian P Schaaf","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05717-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-026-05717-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD) contributes substantially to early-onset colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and pediatric malignancies in Jordan. Approximately 19% of CRCs diagnosed in adults younger than 45 years exhibit MMRD by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In pediatric tumors, MMRD accounts for 39% of high-grade gliomas (HGGs) and 44% of CRCs, likely reflecting the increased prevalence of constitutional MMRD (CMMRD) in this highly consanguineous population. However, the molecular characterization of MMRD-associated tumors in the Middle East remains limited. We analyzed 14 Jordanian patients (< 45 years) from 12 families with clinical or IHC evidence of MMRD, including four HGGs and 11 CRCs; five patients were children. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic MMR variants were identified in nine families, including one sibling pair, comprising five frameshift indels, three single nucleotide variants, and one large deletion. A variant of uncertain significance in MSH6 was identified in another sibling pair. Apparent large deletions suggestive of sequencing artifacts in six patients highlighted the need for confirmatory copy number analysis by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Tumor mutational burden ranged from 2 to 352 variants/Mb (median, 23). Microsatellite instability was low in seven tumors, likely reflecting degraded DNA from older formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. Mutational signatures were concordant with the molecular findings in most cases. Notably, the only ultrahypermutated tumor harbored a canonical somatic POLE p.(Val411Leu) proofreading-domain mutation together with polymerase-associated mutational signatures, consistent with combined MMRD and polymerase proofreading deficiency. This study represents the first comprehensive molecular characterization of MMRD-associated tumors in Jordan.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13481598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary cilia connect epithelial mesenchymal plasticity with anoikis resistance and cancer stemness.","authors":"Qiyuan Chen, Jiali Yang, Jiayi Yu, Shi Jiang, Jiabo Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05763-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-026-05763-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metastatic dissemination requires carcinoma cells to coordinate reversible changes in epithelial identity with survival following extracellular matrix detachment and retention of tumor-initiating capacity. However, the mechanisms integrating epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), anoikis resistance, and cancer stemness remain incompletely defined. Primary cilia are spatially restricted signaling compartments whose assembly and function vary with cell state, tumor lineage, and pathway context. This review evaluates how primary cilia may connect these metastatic adaptations by organizing responses to microenvironmental cues. Evidence from mammary epithelial and breast cancer models links selected EMP states to increased ciliogenesis and to Hedgehog-GLI or cilium-dependent GLIS2 signaling, which may support stem-like properties and treatment resistance. Ciliary signaling can also intersect with adhesion, cytoskeletal, and pro-survival pathways involved in survival after detachment. However, these downstream networks are not specific to primary cilia, and direct evidence that ciliary signaling causes anoikis resistance remains limited. Hypoxia, matrix stiffness, and receptor-mediated signals may further modify ciliary function and cellular plasticity, but their effects are tumor- and model-dependent. Overall, primary cilia should be viewed as context-dependent organizers rather than universal drivers of metastatic behavior. Future studies should define ciliary status alongside EMP state, anchorage-independent survival, and functional stemness to determine when cilia constrain tumor progression, support malignant signaling, or provide therapeutically actionable dependencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic implications and precision selection criteria of primary tumor resection in metastatic gallbladder adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Xun Guo, Wei Li, Zhou Xu, Qinglin Yang, Zhouyuan Du, Tao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05407-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12672-026-05407-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gallbladder cancer is recognized as one of the most aggressive malignancies within the biliary system. Usually, the substantial part of patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, often with metastases to distant organs. In cases of metastatic gallbladder adenocarcinoma, the potential benefit of primary tumor resection (PTR) in improving patient prognosis remains an unresolved issue that warrants further investigation.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We collected data to identify patients diagnosed with gallbladder cancer and concurrent metastases to the liver, lungs, bones, brain, or distant lymph nodes between 2004 and 2021 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The impact of primary tumor resection (PTR) on overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated for additional clarity. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to identify patient groups that might have a longer survival period from PTR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1968 patients diagnosed with metastatic gallbladder adenocarcinoma at the time of initial presentation between 2004 and 2021 were included in the analysis. Among these, liver metastasis was the most frequent site of metastasis (n = 1695, 86.12%). Of the total cohort, 600 patients (30.49%) underwent PTR, and these patients demonstrated a significant improvement in both OS (0.679 [0.612-0.752], P < 0.001) and CSS (0.690 [0.619-0.768], P < 0.001). Notably, PTR was associated with reduced overall mortality in patients with isolated liver or distant lymph node metastases (liver metastasis: 0.690 [0.612-0.778], P < 0.001; distant lymph node metastasis: 0.498 [0.324-0.763], P < 0.001), as well as reduced cancer-specific mortality (liver metastasis: 0.698 [0.616-0.791], P < 0.001; distant lymph node metastasis: 0.522 [0.332-0.820], P = 0.003). In addition, patients with one or two metastatic organs who underwent PTR experienced a similar reduction in both overall mortality (1 metastatic organ: 0.691 [0.619-0.771], P < 0.001; 2 metastatic organs: 0.623 [0.434-0.895], P = 0.005) and cancer-specific mortality (1 metastatic organ: 0.700 [0.624-0.785], P < 0.001; 2 metastatic organs: 0.643 [0.439-0.940], P = 0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results demonstrate that primary tumor resection (PTR) may prolong life expectancy of patients with certain subtypes of metastatic gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Consequently, these findings offer valuable insights and guidance for the management of metastatic gallbladder adenocarcinoma, particularly in selecting patients who may benefit from surgical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":11148,"journal":{"name":"Discover. Oncology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}