Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors and Semaglutide on Body Composition in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Real-World Cohort Study with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.","authors":"Qing Yang, Chunmei Qin, Yanlin Lang, Wenjie Yang, Fenghao Yang, Jia Yang, Ke Liu, Jiamin Yuan, Yutong Zou, Fang Liu","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S531413","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S531413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2Is) and Semaglutide may increase the risk of sarcopenia and bone fragility in vulnerable populations, yet their effects on body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain unclear. This study evaluated changes in body composition by SGLT-2Is alone or combined with Semaglutide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort included T2DM-CKD patients treated with SGLT-2Is ± Semaglutide for ≥6 months. Body composition (fat, muscle, water, bone mineral content [BMC]) was measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis pre- and post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 73 participants (SGLT-2Is: n = 61; combination: n = 12), both groups showed reductions in total fat mass, total muscle mass, total body water, and BMC. Combination therapy exhibited greater fat mass loss (-0.9 kg [IQR: -3.7,0.4] vs -0.6 kg [-1.7,0.7]; <i>P</i> = 0.011) and muscle mass decline (-1.1 ± 1.2 kg vs -0.4 ± 0.8 kg; <i>P</i> = 0.015) versus monotherapy. Fat mass index (FMI: -1.3 ± 2.4 kg/m² vs -0.2 ± 0.8 kg/m²; <i>P</i> = 0.008) and skeletal muscle index (SMI: -0.4 ± 0.3 kg/m² vs -0.2 ± 0.2 kg/m²; <i>P</i> = 0.002) reduction were also larger with combination therapy. However, muscle mass-to-body weight percentage was increased more in the combination group (1.2 ± 2.4% vs 0.2 ± 1.2%; <i>P</i> = 0.041). No differences between to groups in BMC, fat percentage, or fat-to-muscle ratio (<i>P</i>>0.05). Within the SGLT-2Is group, higher baseline SMI correlated with greater muscle loss, while higher baseline FMI was associated with attenuated BMC decline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SGLT-2Is with/without Semaglutide reduced body composition parameters of fat, muscle, water, and BMC in T2DM-CKD. Combination therapy exacerbated absolute muscle loss but increased the muscle mass-to-body weight percentage, without significantly altering fat-to-muscle ratio. Baseline muscle and fat mass may influence treatment-related changes. Long-term studies in high-risk populations are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"2885-2897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12363543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Association Between Cardiac Metabolic Markers and Carotid Atherosclerosis, and the Role of Insulin Resistance.","authors":"Yazhao Sun, Chunlan Bai, Shitong Yin, Jianfeng Liu","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S539166","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S539166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a growing global health concern. The cardiometabolic index (CMI), a novel marker of fat distribution, has been proposed as a potential risk indicator. This study investigates the association between CMI and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), as assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and explores whether insulin resistance (IR) mediates this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study enrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients hospitalized at Cangzhou People's Hospital between September 2024 and March 2025. Logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and subgroup analysis were used to examine the CMI-CAS relationship. The predictive ability of CMI was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and its incremental value beyond traditional risk factors was evaluated by integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification improvement (NRI). Mediation analysis assessed the role of IR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment, higher CMI was significantly associated with increased odds of CAS (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.21-1.81, <i>P</i> < 0.001). RCS analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between CMI and CAS. ROC analysis indicated moderate predictive power (AUC = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.61-0.68). Including CMI improved prediction with an IDI of 0.04 (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and an NRI of 0.26 (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant interaction with T2DM duration (<i>P</i> = 0.013). Mediation analysis showed that metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) partially mediated the CMI-CAS relationship, explaining 12.92% of the total effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated CMI is independently associated with higher risk of CAS in T2DM patients, and insulin resistance partially mediates this relationship. CMI may be a valuable marker for early vascular risk stratification in diabetic populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"2899-2911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12363553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study of the Association Between Uric Acid-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Cuihua Huang, Yan Luo, Jianqing Huang, Xiuping Qiu, Mei Tu","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S527130","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S527130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is a key diabetic complication needing predictive biomarkers. The serum uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR), linked to metabolic dysfunction, may serve this role. Therefore, this cross-sectional study examines UHR-CAS association in type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 615 type 2 diabetes patients, collecting demographic, biochemical, and carotid ultrasound data. Spearman correlation analyzed UHR's relationship with cardiovascular risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression combined with stratified regression modeling assessed UHR's independent link with CAS, while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis evaluated its predictive value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CAS patients showed elevated UHR and cardiovascular risk markers (age, body mass index [BMI], homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-c], triglycerides, smoking) compared to controls (<i>P</i> < 0.05). UHR tertiles demonstrated dose-response associations with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) ≥1.0 mm, plaque formation, and CAS (<i>P</i> < 0.05). UHR exhibited positively with BMI, HOMA-IR, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, uric acid (UA), and cIMT (<i>P</i> < 0.05), but inversely with total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and LDL-c (<i>P</i> < 0.05). UHR independently predicted carotid plaques (OR: 1.086, 95% CI: 1.033-1.142, <i>P</i> = 0.001) and CAS (OR: 1.097, 95% CI: 1.035-1.162, <i>P</i> = 0.002). Stronger associations occurred in BMI ≥25 kg/m² (OR: 1.210, 95% CI: 1.089-1.345, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and hypertension subgroups (OR: 1.136, 95% CI: 1.033-1.248, <i>P</i> = 0.008). ROC analysis demonstrated UHR's superior CAS prediction (AUC = 0.656, 95% CI: 0.611-0.701, <i>P</i> <0.01) over triglyceride-to-HDL-c ratio, triglyceride-glucose index, HDL-c, and UA (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UHR is an independent CAS risk factor in type 2 diabetes, outperforming traditional biomarkers for cardiovascular risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"2873-2883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12361868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Neck-to-Limb Length Ratio and Cardiovascular Events in a Chinese Population.","authors":"Xiaoya Li, Tingting Hu, Yiting Xu, Xuhong Lu, Yingying Su, Yunfeng Xiao, Yufei Wang, Xiaojing Ma, Yuqian Bao","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S543163","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S543163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Obesity contributes to cardiovascular (CV) events. This study aimed to identify the most effective anthropometric indicators that add predictive value to body mass index (BMI) for subsequent CV events in individuals without carotid plaques, improving early risk stratification in subclinical populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal study enrolled 1043 participants from a community-based cohort in Shanghai (2013-2014) and followed them for CV events through 2021-2022. The CV events included ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, hospitalization for heart failure, and coronary revascularization), ischemic stroke, and CV death. Carotid plaque was excluded via ultrasound. Visceral fat area (VFA) was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. The neck circumference (NC), neck-to-height ratio (NHtR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), neck-to-limb length ratio (NLR), and waist-to-limb length ratios (WLR) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between various obesity-related indices (BMI, waist circumference, NC, NHtR, WHtR, WHR, NLR, and WLR) and VFA (all <i>P</i> < 0.001). Over a mean follow-up period of 7.6 years, 97 CV events (9.3%) were recorded. Cox proportional hazards regression demonstrated that elevated NLR was significantly associated with an increased CV risk with hazard ratios of 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.52). Notably, the NLR significantly improved the predictive capacity of CV events (C-statistic, 0.671 [95% CI: 0.616-0.726], <i>P</i> = 0.002; NRI, 0.090 [95% CI: 0.003-0.177], <i>P</i> < 0.001; IDI, 0.007 [95% CI: 0.000-0.019], <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NLR was correlated with visceral fat content, and significantly enhanced the predictive value of BMI for CV risk in individuals without baseline carotid plaque. These findings support their use in routine clinical assessment to enhance early prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"2863-2872"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperuricemia Remission After Sleeve Gastrectomy in Chinese Patients and Establishment of a Preoperative Predictive Model: A Retrospective Cohort Study with a Mean Follow-Up of 20 Months.","authors":"Xiyuan Chen, Zhehong Li, Zheng Wang, Yilan Sun, Mingyue Shang, Chenxu Tian, Zhaohui Liao, Dongbo Lian, Buhe Amin, Dexiao Du, Guangzhong Xu, Nengwei Zhang, Liang Wang","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S508015","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S508015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A significant proportion of patients with obesity have comorbid hyperuricemia (HUA). However, the curative effect of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on HUA remains debated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To clarify the remission effect of SG on HUA, analyze potential influencing factors, and establish a predictive model using preoperative data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pre- and post-operative data from 130 patients with obesity and HUA who underwent SG in our hospital were collected and evaluated for the therapeutic effect on HUA. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to screen the influencing factors and the ones with predictive value. Predictive model was constructed, then evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and internal and external validations. Complete remission of HUA was defined as a follow-up SUA level that no longer met the reference value for diagnosing HUA, i.e., an SUA concentration of <428 μmol/L (in males) or <357 μmol/L (in females), according to the reference value in our hospital's laboratory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean follow-up duration is 20.4 months. After ≥ one year post SG, the complete remission rate of HUA was 58%. Preoperative hip circumference (HC) and preoperative serum uric acid (SUA) level were found to be predictive variables, the AUC values of which, along with their combination in predicting this outcome, were 0.696, 0.731, 0.738, respectively, p >0.05. The joint predictive model was found to have a sensitivity and specificity of 0.776 and 0.738, respectively, and its reliability was confirmed by internal and external validations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Some patients can achieve HUA complete remission following SG after 1 year. Preoperative SUA concentration and HC can be utilized to predict this outcome in Chinese patients with obesity. The joint predictive model offers potentially better clinical value.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"2825-2836"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Fatigue and Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome and the Mediating Role of Inflammation.","authors":"Yunxia Xie, Keqing Shen, Jingping Xu, Lusha Li, Liying Chen","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S532423","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S532423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Fatigue is common in many chronic diseases. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between fatigue and cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome (CKM) in Chinese asymptomatic individuals undergoing routine health screenings and to explore the mediating role of inflammation.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>The data of 4349 individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. Fatigue was measured with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). The association between fatigue and the severity of CKM syndrome was evaluated via logistic regression analysis. The mediating role of inflammation in fatigue and advanced CKM syndrome was explored using mediation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4349 participants were included in this study, and 2120 (48.7%) experienced fatigue. Fatigue was associated with a greater risk of developing advanced CKM syndrome (OR 2.597, 95% CI 1.323-5.097, <i>p</i> <0.05). However, there was no significant correlation with the risk of developing early CKM syndrome. Further analyses stratified by age revealed that the association between fatigue and advanced CKM syndrome was more pronounced in those aged <60 years (OR 3.008, 95% CI 1.263-7.163, <i>p</i> <0.05). The white blood cell count and neutrophil count had a mediating effect in the association between fatigue and advanced CKM syndrome, with mediation rates of 7.2% and 6.3%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fatigue is significantly associated with the increased risk of advanced CKM syndrome, especially in young and middle-aged adults. The cause of this association may be that white blood cell count and neutrophil count play a partial role in this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"2851-2862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Safety of GLP-1/GIP Co-Agonists Versus GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss in Patients with Obesity or Overweight: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Zeyu Xie, Zhuoru Liang, Yilin Xie, Guimei Zheng, Weiling Cao","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S537229","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S537229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1/GIP agonist, shows promise for weight loss, but its safety compared to GLP-1 receptor agonists requires (liraglutide, semaglutide) clarification for clinical decision-making. This systematic review evaluates their safety profiles in patients with obesity or overweight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42024576314) of RCTs from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane (inception to August 20, 2024). Adults with BMI ≥27 kg/m² (≥25 kg/m² for Asians) receiving GLP-1/GIP dual agonists (tirzepatide 10 or 15 mg) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide 2.4 mg and liraglutide 3.0 mg) were included. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted by using odds ratios with 95% CIs. Primary outcomes were adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs. NMA was performed using Stata 16.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This network meta-analysis included 19 randomized controlled trials (13,529 participants). Liraglutide 3.0 mg significantly increased the incidence of any adverse events (OR = 1.53-2.00) compared to semaglutide and tirzepatide, while tirzepatide showed a higher severe hypoglycemia risk (<54 mg/dL). Notably, GLP-1/GIP dual agonists demonstrated superior safety profiles in neoplasms (vs liraglutide: OR = 5.15 [1.28-20.74]; vs semaglutide: OR = 3.55 [1.10-11.54]) and respiratory infections/nasopharyngitis, suggesting enhanced anti-inflammatory effects. GLP-1 agonists had fewer diarrhea and injection-site reactions but higher abdominal pain/dyspepsia rates. Subgroup analyses further revealed that non-T2DM patients had a significantly higher incidence of adverse events compared to T2DM patients (P < 0.05), while no significant associations were observed with race, BMI, or treatment duration. Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness and funnel plots indicated no publication bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Liraglutide 3.0 mg was associated with higher overall adverse events, while tirzepatide (10 or 15 mg) showed increased severe hypoglycemia and injection-site reactions risk but superior anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplasm effects compared to GLP-1 mono-agonists. These findings highlight therapy-specific safety patterns critical for personalized treatment selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"2837-2849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors of Developing Dysmobility Syndrome in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Yue Zhang, Guangfei Wu, Cuijuan Wang, Weinan Zhang, Wenqiang Zhang, Donghui Lou","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S518190","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S518190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon, and aging-related diseases need to be given great attention. Dysmobility syndrome (DMS) was considered as a comprehensive approach to evaluate the condition of musculoskeletal system and adverse health problems in older population.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>There is little research data on the correlation between type 2 diabetes and DMS in the elderly. The purpose of our study is to identify the risk factors for dysmobility syndrome (DMS) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 262 patients aged >60 years who were diagnosed with T2DM at our department were included in a cross-sectional study and were divided into groups according to the development of DMS and the number of presentations, including osteoporosis, low muscle strength and mass, obesity, falls, and slow walking speed. Consequently, 128 patients with non-DMS were assigned to group A, 84 patients with to 2-3 presentations (without falls) were assigned to group B, and 50 patients with to 4-5 presentations (without falls) were assigned to group C. Demographic data, diabetes-related complications, and history of falls in the past year were compared to identify risk factors for developing DMS in elderly T2DM patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It showed that 50.4% of the elderly T2DM patients developed DMS, and 25.2% of them had at least one episode of falling. The average age of the patients and the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy were higher, while diastolic blood pressure and 25-(OH) vitamin D serum calcium and albumin levels were lower in group C than in group A and B(p < 0.05). The occurrence of falls was lower in group A than in the other groups (p = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aging, 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency, and accidental fall history are associated with an increased risk of DMS in elderly patients with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"2815-2823"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Dental Caries Status with Related Oral Health Indicators in Children.","authors":"Mengxing Wang, Tian Xia, Ying Wang","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S527842","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S527842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to explore the relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and dental caries status along with related oral health indicators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted with a retrospective analysis of 40 diagnosed T1DM patients (patient group) and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy children (control group) treated at our hospital from 2020 to 2023. All participants underwent oral health assessments and relevant clinical examinations. By comparing the levels of related indicators between diabetic patients and healthy children, this study provides a scientific basis for prevention and treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in general baseline characteristics between the two groups (P>0.05). The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2h PBG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were significantly higher in the patient group (P<0.05). The incidence of dental caries was significantly higher in the patient group (P<0.05). Additionally, the patient group had higher gingival bleeding index, plaque index, and probing depth (P<0.05). The salivary pH value in the patient group was also significantly higher (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and salivary immunoglobulin G (sIgG) between the groups (P>0.05). This study is limited by its small sample size (n=40 per group) and single-center retrospective design.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Type 1 diabetes mellitus may alter saliva composition, while hyperglycemia can cause gingival inflammation and affect periodontal health. These changes may interfere with tooth mineralization, increasing caries risk in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"2807-2814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the Role of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Diabetic Foot Wound Healing.","authors":"Junbo Wang, Yu-Jie Liang, Xiaohua Pan","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S521095","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S521095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic hyperglycemia over a long period can lead to diabetes-related complications, of which diabetic foot ulcers continue to have a huge economic and social impact worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have demonstrated positive efficacy in the preclinical research and clinical trial phases of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) treatment. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the properties of MSC-derived exosomes and their biological functions, summarize the therapeutic efficacy of Exos in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers and its mechanism of action, and discuss innovative technologies including hydrogel scaffolds and 3D bioprinting to enhance the effectiveness of MSC - Exos in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. This paper also explores the application of innovative technologies such as hydrogel scaffolds and 3D bioprinting in enhancing the efficacy of MSC-Exos in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers and highlights the key challenges faced in translating these advanced technologies from the laboratory to the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"2767-2781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12350548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}