ERN: Agricultural Economics (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"The Potash Market and Its Future Prospects","authors":"Rami Al Rawashdeh, Emanuel Xavier-Oliveira, P. Maxwell","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2757750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2757750","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper was to assess the main historical drivers of potash demand, to generate estimates of demand elasticities and to produce forecasts of potash consumption during the coming decade. The paper has used a comprehensive econometric model to estimate shortrun and long run price, income and cross elasticities. The world potash demand is found to be price inelastic in the short-run and even in the long run. Also, income, cross price elasticity and cross yield elasticity were found to be inelastic in the short and long run. Our modeling predicts that potash consumption for fertilizers will increase from 28.2 million tonnes in 2012 to around 37.8 million tonnes in 2022, which implies that the annual relative growth rate of potash consumption is expected to increase by 2.9%. As long as demand increases our prediction is that real potash prices will also increase, ceteris paribus. Delays in commissioning new production capacity are likely the main reason for price increases. Yet additional planned capacities that could potentially take place in the next decade still have the potential to limit the upside for potash prices.","PeriodicalId":111133,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117332486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitividad en empresas de economía solidaria del Sector Agropecuario en el Departamento del Atlántico (Competitiveness in Agriculture Solidarity Economy Companies in the Department of Atlántico)","authors":"Luis Ortiz Ospino, Lady Dayanna Caicedo-Consuegra","doi":"10.22430/24223182.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22430/24223182.267","url":null,"abstract":"The research was aimed at characterizing the competitiveness posed by solidarity economy companies in the agricultural sector in the department of Atlantico. The scope of this research consisted of proposing strategies to improve the competitiveness of solidarity enterprises by identifying key properties important for achieving higher performance in productivity, efficiency and management within organizations from the community among companies in the agricultural sector, in the hope for a stronger economy. The study used a quantitative methodology to measure the competitiveness of enterprises, with a descriptive research that allowed us to specify the relevant aspects of the object of study. The population consists of 30 companies belonging to solidarity agribusiness in the department of Atlantico. The research results allowed a diagnosis of the current situation of the agricultural sector solidarity companies and the identification of factors affecting competitiveness in the agribusiness sector. This research helps to provide the main foundation for setting management models and business strategies that provide competitive advantages to businesses.","PeriodicalId":111133,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126397045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Kiwifruit New Zealand","authors":"F. Scrimgeour, S. Locke","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3286701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3286701","url":null,"abstract":"Kiwifruit New Zealand (KNZ), established under the Kiwifruit Export Regulations 1999 (New Zealand Government, 2014) is the regulator of the New Zealand kiwifruit industry. In the 15 years since establishment, KNZ has diligently fulfilled its role but has received criticism from both supporters and critics of the current institutional relationships and responsibilities. During this period, the industry has changed significantly in terms of varieties produced and commercial practice. Given the length of time since the regulator was established and the occurrence of an industry led strategic review during 2014- 2015 (KISP, 2014) it is appropriate to consider if KNZ’s functions, powers and operation are fit for purpose given the changes that have occurred in the industry and those that are anticipated. Hence, this report reviews key aspects of KNZ consistent with best practice in industry regulation. Following the introduction and scope section, the report consists of ten sections: background industry information; principles of industry regulation; the current situation; governance and accountability; collaborative marketing; the scope of KNZ oversight; innovation; conclusions and a summary of recommendations. Attention is paid to existing success, challenges and concerns, and potential solutions when addressing each of the four key issues: 1. Balancing accountability to government and industry 2. Supporting the uptake of collaborative marketing 3. Supporting innovation 4. Monitoring the impact of internationalisation.","PeriodicalId":111133,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133930631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural Productivity Growth in the United States: Measurement, Trends, and Drivers","authors":"Sun Ling Wang, P. Heisey, D. Schimmelpfennig, V. E. Ball","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.207954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.207954","url":null,"abstract":"U.S. agricultural output more than doubled between 1948 and 2011, with growth averaging 1.49 percent per year. With little growth in total measured use of agricultural inputs, the extraordinary performance of the U.S. farm sector was driven mainly by increases in total factor productivity (TFP—measured as output per unit of aggregate input). Over the last six decades, the mix of agricultural inputs used shifted significantly, with increased use of intermediate goods (e.g., fertilizer and pesticides) and less use of labor and land. The output mix changed as well, with crop production growing faster than livestock production. Based on econometric analysis of updated (1948-2011) TFP data, this study finds no statistical evidence that longrun U.S. agricultural productivity has slowed over time. Model-based projections show that in the future, slow growth in research and development investments may have only minor effects on TFP growth over the next 10 years but will slow TFP growth much more over the long term.","PeriodicalId":111133,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125211867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Approaches to Designing Weather Derivatives Under Yield Data Limitations","authors":"L. Sanchez, D. Vedenov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2343444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2343444","url":null,"abstract":"This paper implements several contract design strategies to evaluate the effectiveness of simple semi-naive approach to index construction that can be implemented in situations where only short and/or aggregate data series are available. In order to mitigate the aggregate nature of the available yield data, we attempt to look at areas sharing the same growing conditions rather than simply located within the same administrative boundaries. In order to avoid the need for data-demanding analysis, we use agronomic requirements to specify parameters of insurance contracts, called agronomic contracts in this paper. The risk reduction of thus constructed weather index contracts, are evaluated and compared with the performance of the “optimal” contracts suggested in the literature. While the agronomic contracts do not achieve the same degree of risk reduction as the “optimal” contracts, they do provide meaningful risk protection and typically at lower premiums. As expected, the agronomic contracts perform better in homogeneous production areas.","PeriodicalId":111133,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124071527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passing the Buck: Impacts of Commodity Price Shocks on Local Outcomes","authors":"A. Grimes, Sean Hyland","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2319207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2319207","url":null,"abstract":"The extent to which exogenous international agricultural price fluctuations are internalised by rural communities is of major interest for policy-makers concerned with regional economic performance. So too is the link between rural sector performance and urban outcomes, especially in agriculturally-based economies. Through vector autoregressive (VAR) modelling we estimate the causal effect of exogenous commodity price innovations on both rural and urban community outcomes. Our analysis demonstrates that restricting the focus to national effects may lead to incorrect inference. We therefore extend the analysis to a VAR using panel data covering all New Zealand districts over 1991–2011. House prices and housing investment are used as quarterly indicators of regional economic and population outcomes. By exploiting the variation in production bundles across communities we find that an increase in commodity prices leads to a permanent increase in housing investment and house prices across the country. However, we find that rural communities are relatively insulated from commodity price shocks, whereas urban areas are most affected by commodity price shocks. We discuss the reasons why this paradoxical result may arise.","PeriodicalId":111133,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123264036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inferred and Stated Attribute Non‐Attendance in Food Choice Experiments","authors":"R. Zanoli, V. Bruschi, S. Naspetti","doi":"10.1093/ajae/aas073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aas073","url":null,"abstract":"We review the current literature on attribute non-attendance in stated choice and use data from beef and chicken choice experiments using both inference and the respondents' own statements. Inference is based on panel data analysis by mixed logit models of choice with both discrete and continuous mixtures of coefficients, and is conditional on the observed pattern of choice. Information from respondent statements on non-attendance is directly embedded in the specification of the indirect utility function. Results show no clear winner between the inferential approaches, but the inference based on constrained latent class panel models better matches the observed data. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.","PeriodicalId":111133,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118056447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate and Crop Yields in Australia, Brazil, China, Europe and the United States","authors":"S. Hsiang, D. Lobell, M. Roberts, W. Schlenker","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2977571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2977571","url":null,"abstract":"We examine whether nonlinear relationships between climatic conditions and crop yields are globally generalizable at subnational levels. We match subnational longitudinal administrative data on crop yields for barley, maize, oats, rice, soybeans, and wheat with growing season temperature and rainfall measures across Australia (n=406), Brazil (n=94,299), China (n=38,480), the European Union (n=15,505), and the United States (n=177,069). Using a flexible nonparametric approach that accounts for unobserved differences between locations, we estimate nineteen separate nonlinear climate-yield response surfaces. We verify that high temperatures and low rainfall substantially and significantly reduce crop yields across essentially all contexts and crops, with the exception of rice which tends to display more muted effects. Our results demonstrate a large and generalizable sensitivity of crop yields to climatic conditions across major crops in many of the world’s most productive agricultural regions.","PeriodicalId":111133,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122080035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why are Agricultural Goods Not Traded More Intensively: High Trade Costs or Low Productivity Variation?","authors":"Kai Xu","doi":"10.1111/twec.12232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12232","url":null,"abstract":"This paper empirically studies the sizes of agricultural trade costs and productivity variation in the agriculture sector. In a general Ricardian trade model, I identify these two factors as possible causes of the observed low trade intensity of agricultural goods. Using data on bilateral trade flows, prices of agricultural goods and sectoral production from a sample of 46 countries, I estimate the variation of agricultural productivity as well as trade costs on agricultural and manufactured goods. I find that trade costs are substantial, with agricultural trade costs roughly twice as large as manufacturing trade costs. Moreover, consistent with the existing literature, I find that distance is the dominant part in the estimated trade costs. Lastly, relative to existing estimates of the heterogeneity of manufacturing productivity, the heterogeneity of agricultural productivity is large. These findings suggest that high trade costs are the main impediments to agricultural trade.","PeriodicalId":111133,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133104786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Market and Farm Direct Marketing: A County-Level Analysis of the Northeastern United States","authors":"Meiyu Cheng, K. Nunthasen, N. Bills","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1869444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1869444","url":null,"abstract":"As articles on local foods appear frequently in the mass media, interest in local food markets has increased significantly around the United States. Local food markets typically involve small farmers, various products, and farm-direct marketing channels. Growing consumer interest in fresh and local foods, sustainable agriculture, and local community development fueled demand for purchasing from farm. Many small and medium farms have adopted direct marketing to consumers as an alternative to sustain business vitality, obtain higher prices, and maintain a competitive edge in the market. Local food has also generated great enthusiasm for its potential benefits such as reducing transport distances for food, or food miles, and preserving farmland and rural culture. In the United States, food travels from the farm to the consumer through a highly efficient processing and distribution system that takes advantage of economies of scale and specialization. However, selling directly to consumers is growing in popularity with some producers. According to the latest census data, farm-direct marketing sales account for a small, but fast-growing segment of U.S. agriculture, increasing by an inflation-adjusted 59% from 1997 to 2007 and reaching $1.2 billion in 2007. The role of farm-direct marketing sales in the Northeast region of the United States is most prominent. All six New England states, New Jersey, and New York are on the list of top ten States in farm-direct food sales as a share of total agricultural sales. In addition, New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts have appeared as one of the top ten States in terms of overall direct marketing sales over the three census years from 1997 to 2007. The recent increase of farm direct marketing has led to a need for understanding about the significant variation in direct food sales across states and regions. Assessing the future growth in the local food market require to understand the factors that influence farm-direct food sales. However, there is limited research on examining relationships between farm size and location, mix of products and marketing options, land and operator characteristics, and socio-economic characteristics associated farm-direct food sales. This study appears to be a unique examination on these relationships in order to understand how and why farms sell products directly to consumers in local markets.This study uses the USDA Census of Agriculture data and regression analysis to identify major factors associated with farm-direct marketing sales in the Northeast region across counties. The preliminary regression results show that the variables, including average farm size, type of farming such as vegetable production, beef production, available farmland, number of farmers markets, participation of the farm to school program, available farmland, farming as operators’ primary occupation, farms with high-speed internet access, household income, and population, together explain most of the v","PeriodicalId":111133,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114217651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}