Current Osteoporosis Reports最新文献_第7页

Osteoporosis and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue. 骨质疏松症和骨髓脂肪组织。

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00768-1

Kerensa M Beekman, Gustavo Duque, Alessandro Corsi, Michaela Tencerova, Peter H Bisschop, Julien Paccou

{"title":"Osteoporosis and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue.","authors":"Kerensa M Beekman, Gustavo Duque, Alessandro Corsi, Michaela Tencerova, Peter H Bisschop, Julien Paccou","doi":"10.1007/s11914-022-00768-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-022-00768-1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review focuses on the recent findings regarding bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) concerning bone health. We summarize the variations in BMAT in relation to age, sex, and skeletal sites, and provide an update on noninvasive imaging techniques to quantify human BMAT. Next, we discuss the role of BMAT in patients with osteoporosis and interventions that affect BMAT.Recent findings: There are wide individual variations with region-specific fluctuation and age- and gender-specific differences in BMAT content and composition. The Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) recommendations aim to standardize imaging protocols to increase comparability across studies and sites. Water-fat imaging (WFI) seems an accurate and efficient alternative for spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Most studies indicate that greater BMAT is associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher prevalence of vertebral fractures. The proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and changes in lipid composition have been associated with an increased risk of fractures independently of BMD. Therefore, PDFF and lipid composition could potentially be future imaging biomarkers for assessing fracture risk. Evidence of the inhibitory effect of osteoporosis treatments on BMAT is still limited to a few randomized controlled trials. Moreover, results from the FRAME biopsy sub-study highlight contradictory findings on the effect of the sclerostin antibody romosozumab on BMAT. Further understanding of the role(s) of BMAT will provide insight into the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and may lead to targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"21 1","pages":"45-55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9515988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The Gut-Bone Axis in Diabetes. 糖尿病的肠-骨轴。

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00767-2

Henrik Maagensen, Mads M Helsted, Lærke S Gasbjerg, Tina Vilsbøll, Filip K Knop

{"title":"The Gut-Bone Axis in Diabetes.","authors":"Henrik Maagensen, Mads M Helsted, Lærke S Gasbjerg, Tina Vilsbøll, Filip K Knop","doi":"10.1007/s11914-022-00767-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-022-00767-2","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To describe recent advances in the understanding of how gut-derived hormones regulate bone homeostasis in humans with emphasis on pathophysiological and therapeutic perspectives in diabetes.Recent findings: The gut-derived incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is important for postprandial suppression of bone resorption. The other incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), as well as the intestinotrophic glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) has been shown to suppress bone resorption in pharmacological concentrations, but the role of the endogenous hormones in bone homeostasis is uncertain. For ambiguous reasons, both patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes have increased fracture risk. In diabetes, the suppressive effect of endogenous GIP on bone resorption seems preserved, while the effect of GLP-2 remains unexplored both pharmacologically and physiologically. GLP-1 receptor agonists, used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, may reduce bone loss, but results are inconsistent. GIP is an important physiological suppressor of postprandial bone resorption, while GLP-1 and GLP-2 may also exert bone-preserving effects when used pharmacologically. A better understanding of the actions of these gut hormones on bone homeostasis in patients with diabetes may lead to new strategies for the prevention and treatment of skeletal frailty related to diabetes.","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"21 1","pages":"21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9163647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Energy Balance and Bone Health: a Nutrient Availability Perspective. 能量平衡与骨骼健康：营养供应的视角。

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00765-4

Beatriz Bermudez, Toru Ishii, Yuan-Haw Wu, R Dana Carpenter, Vanessa D Sherk

引用次数: 0

Update on the Role of Glucocorticoid Signaling in Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Adipocytes During Aging. 糖皮质激素信号在骨母细胞和骨髓脂肪细胞衰老过程中的作用的最新进展。

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00772-5

Husam Bensreti, Dima W Alhamad, Alejandro Marrero Gonzalez, Manuel Pizarro-Mondesir, Wendy B Bollag, Carlos M Isales, Meghan E McGee-Lawrence

{"title":"Update on the Role of Glucocorticoid Signaling in Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Adipocytes During Aging.","authors":"Husam Bensreti, Dima W Alhamad, Alejandro Marrero Gonzalez, Manuel Pizarro-Mondesir, Wendy B Bollag, Carlos M Isales, Meghan E McGee-Lawrence","doi":"10.1007/s11914-022-00772-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11914-022-00772-5","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) in the skeleton likely plays a variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles that are not yet fully understood. In elucidating the complex relationship between bone and BMAT, glucocorticoids (GCs) are positioned to play a key role, as they have been implicated in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) between osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. The purpose of this review is to illuminate aspects of both endogenous and exogenous GC signaling, including the influence of GC receptors, in mechanisms of bone aging including relationships to BMAT.Recent findings: Harmful effects of GCs on bone mass involve several cellular pathways and events that can include BMSC differentiation bias toward adipogenesis and the influence of mature BMAT on bone remodeling through crosstalk. Interestingly, BMAT involvement remains poorly explored in GC-induced osteoporosis and warrants further investigation. This review provides an update on the current understanding of the role of glucocorticoids in the biology of osteoblasts and bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds).","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"21 1","pages":"32-44"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9936962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9532045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opportunistic Screening Techniques for Analysis of CT Scans. CT扫描分析的机会筛选技术。

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00764-5

Klaus Engelke, Oliver Chaudry, Stefan Bartenschlager

{"title":"Opportunistic Screening Techniques for Analysis of CT Scans.","authors":"Klaus Engelke, Oliver Chaudry, Stefan Bartenschlager","doi":"10.1007/s11914-022-00764-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-022-00764-5","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Opportunistic screening is a combination of techniques to identify subjects of high risk for osteoporotic fracture using routine clinical CT scans prescribed for diagnoses unrelated to osteoporosis. The two main components are automated detection of vertebral fractures and measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) in CT scans, in which a phantom for calibration of CT to BMD values is not used. This review describes the particular challenges of opportunistic screening and provides an overview and comparison of current techniques used for opportunistic screening. The review further outlines the performance of opportunistic screening.Recent findings: A wide range of technologies for the automatic detection of vertebral fractures have been developed and successfully validated. Most of them are based on artificial intelligence algorithms. The automated differentiation of osteoporotic from traumatic fractures and vertebral deformities unrelated to osteoporosis, the grading of vertebral fracture severity, and the detection of mild vertebral fractures is still problematic. The accuracy of automated fracture detection compared to classical radiological semi-quantitative Genant scoring is about 80%. Accuracy errors of alternative BMD calibration methods compared to simultaneous phantom-based calibration used in standard quantitative CT (QCT) range from below 5% to about 10%. The impact of contrast agents, frequently administered in clinical CT on the determination of BMD and on fracture risk determination is still controversial. Opportunistic screening, the identification of vertebral fracture and the measurement of BMD using clinical routine CT scans, is feasible but corresponding techniques still need to be integrated into the clinical workflow and further validated with respect to the prediction of fracture risk.","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"21 1","pages":"65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9925590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9217178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

The Role of Bone Cell Energetics in Altering Bone Quality and Strength in Health and Disease. 骨细胞能量学在健康和疾病中改变骨质量和强度的作用。

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00763-6

Carolyn Chlebek, Clifford J Rosen

{"title":"The Role of Bone Cell Energetics in Altering Bone Quality and Strength in Health and Disease.","authors":"Carolyn Chlebek, Clifford J Rosen","doi":"10.1007/s11914-022-00763-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-022-00763-6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Bone quality and strength are diminished with age and disease but can be improved by clinical intervention. Energetic pathways are essential for cellular function and drive osteogenic signaling within bone cells. Altered bone quality is associated with changes in the energetic activity of bone cells following diet-based or therapeutic interventions. Energetic pathways may directly or indirectly contribute to changes in bone quality. The goal of this review is to highlight tissue-level and bioenergetic changes in bone health and disease.Recent findings: Bone cell energetics are an expanding field of research. Early literature primarily focused on defining energetic activation throughout the lifespan of bone cells. Recent studies have begun to connect bone energetic activity to health and disease. In this review, we highlight bone cell energetic demands, the effect of substrate availability on bone quality, altered bioenergetics associated with disease treatment and development, and additional biological factors influencing bone cell energetics. Bone cells use several energetic pathways during differentiation and maturity. The orchestration of bioenergetic pathways is critical for healthy cell function. Systemic changes in substrate availability alter bone quality, potentially due to the direct effects of altered bone cell bioenergetic activity. Bone cell bioenergetics may also contribute directly to the development and treatment of skeletal diseases. Understanding the role of energetic pathways in the cellular response to disease will improve patient treatment.","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9217179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Denosumab Discontinuation. Denosumab中止。

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00771-6

Anne Sophie Sølling, Elena Tsourdi, Torben Harsløf, Bente L Langdahl

{"title":"Denosumab Discontinuation.","authors":"Anne Sophie Sølling, Elena Tsourdi, Torben Harsløf, Bente L Langdahl","doi":"10.1007/s11914-022-00771-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-022-00771-6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To review the pathophysiology, the clinical consequences as well as way of mitigating the effects of denosumab discontinuation.Recent findings: Treatment with denosumab (DMAB) is reversible and upon discontinuation there is a rapid increase in bone turnover and a subsequent bone loss. During this phase of high bone turnover, an increased risk of fractures has been reported. Therefore, treatment with DMAB could be considered life-long. However, side-effects may prompt the need for discontinuation and moreover, treatment with DMAB may have increased BMD to levels where continuing treatment does not provide further fracture risk reduction. Patients stopping DMAB should be offered subsequent antiresorptive treatment with an intense monitoring regimen during the initial year as most of the bone loss occurs within these initial 12 months. In this review, we evaluated the literature published over the past 1 to 3 years investigating DMAB withdrawal with focus on bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, and fracture risk and the transition to other anti-osteoporosis therapies. Furthermore, we summarized the current recommendations of international guidelines. In this review, we evaluated the literature published over the past 1 to 3 years investigating denosumab (DMAB) discontinuation and the transition to other anti-osteoporosis therapies. Additionally, we summarized the current recommendations of international guidelines.","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"21 1","pages":"95-103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9532044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Multicentric Carpotarsal Osteolysis: a Contemporary Perspective on the Unique Skeletal Phenotype. 多中心跖骨溶解:独特骨骼表型的当代视角。

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00762-7

Nina S Ma, S Mumm, S Takahashi, M A Levine

{"title":"Multicentric Carpotarsal Osteolysis: a Contemporary Perspective on the Unique Skeletal Phenotype.","authors":"Nina S Ma, S Mumm, S Takahashi, M A Levine","doi":"10.1007/s11914-022-00762-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-022-00762-7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis (MCTO) is an ultra-rare disorder characterized by osteolysis of the carpal and tarsal bones, subtle craniofacial deformities, and nephropathy. The molecular pathways underlying the pathophysiology are not well understood.Recent findings: MCTO is caused by heterozygous mutations in MAFB, which encodes the widely expressed transcription factor MafB. All MAFB mutations in patients with MCTO result in replacement of amino acids that cluster in a phosphorylation region of the MafB transactivation domain and account for a presumed gain-of-function for the variant protein. Since 2012, fewer than 60 patients with MCTO have been described with 20 missense mutations in MAFB. The clinical presentations are variable, and a genotype-phenotype correlation is lacking. Osteolysis, via excessive osteoclast activity, has been regarded as the primary mechanism, although anti-resorptive agents demonstrate little therapeutic benefit. This paper appraises current perspectives of MafB protein action, inflammation, and dysfunctional bone formation on the pathogenesis of the skeletal phenotype in MCTO. More research is needed to understand the pathogenesis of MCTO to develop rational therapies.","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"21 1","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10393442/pdf/nihms-1918785.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9918321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Osteocyte Remodeling of the Lacunar-Canalicular System: What's in a Name? 裂隙-椎管系统的骨细胞重塑：名字里有什么？

IF 4.2 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00766-3

C M Heveran, J D Boerckel

{"title":"Osteocyte Remodeling of the Lacunar-Canalicular System: What's in a Name?","authors":"C M Heveran, J D Boerckel","doi":"10.1007/s11914-022-00766-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11914-022-00766-3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Osteocytes directly modify the bone surrounding the expansive lacunar-canalicular system (LCS) through both resorption and deposition. The existence of this phenomenon is now widely accepted, but is referred to as \"osteocyte osteolysis,\" \"LCS remodeling,\" and \"perilacunar remodeling,\" among other names. The uncertainty in naming this physiological process reflects the many persistent questions about why and how osteocytes interact with local bone matrix. The goal of this review is to examine the purpose and nature of LCS remodeling and its impacts on multiscale bone quality.Recent findings: While LCS remodeling is clearly important for systemic calcium mobilization, this process may have additional potential drivers and may impact the ability of bone to resist fracture. There is abundant evidence that the osteocyte can resorb and replace bone mineral and does so outside of extreme challenges to mineral homeostasis. The impacts of the osteocyte on organic matrix are less certain, especially regarding whether osteocytes produce osteoid. Though multiple lines of evidence point towards osteocyte production of organic matrix, definitive work is needed. Recent high-resolution imaging studies demonstrate that LCS remodeling influences local material properties. The role of LCS remodeling in the maintenance and deterioration of bone matrix quality in aging and disease are active areas of research. In this review, we highlight current progress in understanding why and how the osteocyte removes and replaces bone tissue and the consequences of these activities to bone quality. We posit that answering these questions is essential for evaluating whether, how, when, and why LCS remodeling may be manipulated for therapeutic benefit in managing bone fragility.","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"21 1","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11223162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9217202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fracture Risk in Vegetarians and Vegans: the Role of Diet and Metabolic Factors. 素食者和纯素食者的骨折风险:饮食和代谢因素的作用。

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00754-7

Anna R Ogilvie, Brandon D McGuire, Lingqiong Meng, Sue A Shapses

引用次数: 3