Current Osteoporosis Reports最新文献

Advancements in Subchondral Bone Biomechanics: Insights from Computed Tomography and Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging in Equine Models 软骨下骨生物力学的进展：马模型计算机断层扫描和显微计算机断层扫描成像的启示

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00886-y

Fatemeh Malekipour, R. Chris Whitton, Peter Vee-Sin Lee

{"title":"Advancements in Subchondral Bone Biomechanics: Insights from Computed Tomography and Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging in Equine Models","authors":"Fatemeh Malekipour, R. Chris Whitton, Peter Vee-Sin Lee","doi":"10.1007/s11914-024-00886-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-024-00886-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>This review synthesizes recent advancements in understanding subchondral bone (SCB) biomechanics using computed tomography (CT) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging in large animal models, particularly horses.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Recent studies highlight the complexity of SCB biomechanics, revealing variability in density, microstructure, and biomechanical properties across the depth of SCB from the joint surface, as well as at different joint locations. Early SCB abnormalities have been identified as predictive markers for both osteoarthritis (OA) and stress fractures. The development of standing CT systems has improved the practicality and accuracy of live animal imaging, aiding early diagnosis of SCB pathologies.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>While imaging advancements have enhanced our understanding of SCB, further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of joint disease and articular surface failure. Combining imaging with mechanical testing, computational modelling, and artificial intelligence (AI) promises earlier detection and better management of joint disease. Future research should refine these modalities and integrate them into clinical practice to enhance joint health outcomes in veterinary and human medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PET/CT for the Opportunistic Screening of Osteoporosis and Fractures in Cancer Patients PET/CT 用于癌症患者骨质疏松症和骨折的机会性筛查

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00887-x

Peter Sang Uk Park, Thomas J. Werner, Abass Alavi

{"title":"PET/CT for the Opportunistic Screening of Osteoporosis and Fractures in Cancer Patients","authors":"Peter Sang Uk Park, Thomas J. Werner, Abass Alavi","doi":"10.1007/s11914-024-00887-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-024-00887-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>In this review, we outline the different etiologies of osteoporosis in the oncologic setting and describe the basis for using PET/CT as screening tool for osteoporosis with a focus on the radiotracers [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG and [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Osteoporosis is a condition commonly affecting cancer patients due to their age, cancer-specific treatment agents, and effects of cancer. In terms of the unifying mechanism, decreased ratio of osteoblast-bone formation to osteoclast-bone resorption is responsible for causing osteoporosis. PET/CT, a crucial metabolic imaging modality in the oncologic imaging, could be a useful tool for the opportunistic screening of osteoporosis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>There are two approaches with which osteoporosis could be identified with PET/CT—using either the (1) CT- based or (2) PET- based approaches. While the CT-based approach has been used with [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT, both CT- and PET-based approaches can be employed with [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF-PET/CT as [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF is a radiotracer specific for osteoblast activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dairy and Exercise for Bone Health: Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials and Recommendations for Future Research 乳制品和运动促进骨骼健康：随机对照试验的证据和未来研究建议

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00882-2

Nicholas Cheng, Andrea R. Josse

{"title":"Dairy and Exercise for Bone Health: Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials and Recommendations for Future Research","authors":"Nicholas Cheng, Andrea R. Josse","doi":"10.1007/s11914-024-00882-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-024-00882-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>To examine evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on how modifiable factors such as exercise and nutrition, with a focus on dairy products, play a role in improving bone health across the lifespan.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Meta-analyses of RCTs demonstrate the advantages of consuming dairy products to improve bone mineral density/content (BMD/BMC) and markers of bone metabolism and turnover (BTMs). Eighteen RCTs were conducted investigating the combined effects of dairy and exercise, with most indicating a benefit in youth and adult populations. Results were less conclusive in older adults, perhaps due to altered requirements for dairy/nutrients and exercise with increased age. </p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>RCTs demonstrate that dairy product consumption alone benefits bone health and can enhance the effects of exercise on bone. This may help improve skeletal growth and development in adolescence and prevent osteoporosis with increased age. Future RCTs should account for habitual nutrient intakes, and dairy dosage, timing, and matrix effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Fracture Phenotypes in Women and Men of 50 Years and Older with a Recent Clinical Fracture 近期发生临床骨折的 50 岁及以上女性和男性的骨折表型

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00885-z

P. Geusens, J. van den Bergh, C. Roux, R. Chapurlat, J. Center, D. Bliuc, C. Wyers, M. K. Javaid, N. Li, D. Whittier, W. F. Lems

{"title":"The Fracture Phenotypes in Women and Men of 50 Years and Older with a Recent Clinical Fracture","authors":"P. Geusens, J. van den Bergh, C. Roux, R. Chapurlat, J. Center, D. Bliuc, C. Wyers, M. K. Javaid, N. Li, D. Whittier, W. F. Lems","doi":"10.1007/s11914-024-00885-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-024-00885-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>We review the literature about patients 50 years and older with a recent clinical fracture for the presence of skeletal and extra-skeletal risks, their perspectives of imminent subsequent fracture, falls, mortality, and other risks, and on the role of the fracture liaison service (FLS) for timely secondary fracture prevention.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Patients with a recent clinical fracture present with heterogeneous patterns of bone-, fall-, and comorbidity-related risks. Short-term perspectives include bone loss, increased risk of fractures, falls, and mortality, and a decrease in physical performance and quality of life. Combined evaluation of bone, fall risk, and the presence of associated comorbidities contributes to treatment strategies.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Since fractures are related to interactions of bone-, fall-, and comorbidity-related risks, there is no one-single-discipline-fits-all approach but a need for a multidisciplinary approach at the FLS to consider all phenotypes for evaluation and treatment in an individual patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regulatory Effect of Osteocytes on Extramedullary and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Development and Function 骨细胞对髓外和骨髓脂肪组织发育和功能的调节作用

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00871-5

Beata Lecka-Czernik, Mohd Parvez Khan, Joshua Letson, Sudipta Baroi, Amit Chougule

{"title":"Regulatory Effect of Osteocytes on Extramedullary and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Development and Function","authors":"Beata Lecka-Czernik, Mohd Parvez Khan, Joshua Letson, Sudipta Baroi, Amit Chougule","doi":"10.1007/s11914-024-00871-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-024-00871-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>This review summarizes evidence on osteocyte support of extramedullary and bone marrow adipocyte development and discusses the role of endogenous osteocyte activities of nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and alpha (PPARA) in this support.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>PPARG and PPARA proteins, key regulators of glucose and fatty acid metabolism, are highly expressed in osteocytes. They play significant roles in the regulation of osteocyte secretome and osteocyte bioenergetics; both activities contributing to the levels of systemic energy metabolism in part through an effect on metabolic function of extramedullary and bone marrow adipocytes. The PPARs-controlled osteocyte endocrine/paracrine activities, including sclerostin expression, directly regulate adipocyte function, while the PPARs-controlled osteocyte fuel utilization and oxidative phosphorylation contribute to the skeletal demands for glucose and fatty acids, whose availability is under the control of adipocytes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Bone is an inherent element of systemic energy metabolism with PPAR nuclear receptors regulating osteocyte-adipocyte metabolic axes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140612748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Osteoimmunology of Fracture Healing 骨折愈合的骨免疫学

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00869-z

Kristin Happ Molitoris, Mingjian Huang, Gurpreet Singh Baht

引用次数: 0

Genetic Evaluation for Monogenic Disorders of Low Bone Mass and Increased Bone Fragility: What Clinicians Need to Know 低骨量和骨脆性增加的单基因疾病的遗传评估：临床医生须知

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00870-6

Emily Busse, Brendan Lee, Sandesh C. S. Nagamani

{"title":"Genetic Evaluation for Monogenic Disorders of Low Bone Mass and Increased Bone Fragility: What Clinicians Need to Know","authors":"Emily Busse, Brendan Lee, Sandesh C. S. Nagamani","doi":"10.1007/s11914-024-00870-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-024-00870-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>The purpose of this review is to outline the principles of clinical genetic testing and to provide practical guidance to clinicians in navigating genetic testing for patients with suspected monogenic forms of osteoporosis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Heritability assessments and genome-wide association studies have clearly shown the significant contributions of genetic variations to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Currently, over 50 monogenic disorders that present primarily with low bone mass and increased risk of fractures have been described. The widespread availability of clinical genetic testing offers a valuable opportunity to correctly diagnose individuals with monogenic forms of osteoporosis, thus instituting appropriate surveillance and treatment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Clinical genetic testing may identify the appropriate diagnosis in a subset of patients with low bone mass, multiple or unusual fractures, and severe or early-onset osteoporosis, and thus clinicians should be aware of how to incorporate such testing into their clinical practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140575494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using AI to Write a Review Article Examining the Role of the Nervous System on Skeletal Homeostasis and Fracture Healing 使用人工智能撰写评论文章，探讨神经系统对骨骼平衡和骨折愈合的作用

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00854-y

{"title":"Using AI to Write a Review Article Examining the Role of the Nervous System on Skeletal Homeostasis and Fracture Healing","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11914-023-00854-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-023-00854-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Purpose of Review</h3> <p>Three review articles have been written that discuss the roles of the central and peripheral nervous systems in fracture healing. While content among the articles is overlapping, there is a key difference between them: the use of artificial intelligence (AI). In one paper, the first draft was written solely by humans. In the second paper, the first draft was written solely by AI using ChatGPT 4.0 (AI-only or AIO). In the third paper, the first draft was written using ChatGPT 4.0 but the literature references were supplied from the human-written paper (AI-assisted or AIA). This project was done to evaluate the capacity of AI to conduct scientific writing. Importantly, all manuscripts were fact checked and extensively edited by all co-authors rendering the final manuscript drafts significantly different from the first drafts.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Recent Findings</h3> <p>Unsurprisingly, the use of AI decreased the time spent to write a review. The two AI-written reviews took less time to write than the human-written paper; however, the changes and editing required in all three manuscripts were extensive. The human-written paper was edited the most. On the other hand, the AI-only paper was the most inaccurate with inappropriate reference usage and the AI-assisted paper had the greatest incidence of plagiarism.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Summary</h3> <p>These findings show that each style of writing presents its own unique set of challenges and advantages. While AI can theoretically write scientific reviews, from these findings, the extent of editing done subsequently, the inaccuracy of the claims it makes, and the plagiarism by AI are all factors to be considered and a primary reason why it may be several years into the future before AI can present itself as a viable alternative for traditional scientific writing.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139465240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficacy of Osteoporosis Medications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes 骨质疏松症药物对 2 型糖尿病患者的疗效

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00833-3

Tatiane Vilaca, Richard Eastell

{"title":"Efficacy of Osteoporosis Medications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Tatiane Vilaca, Richard Eastell","doi":"10.1007/s11914-023-00833-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-023-00833-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of the Review</h3><p>The purpose of the review is to summarise the current scientific evidence on the efficacy of osteoporosis medications in patients with type 2 diabetes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing global epidemic. The highest prevalence is observed in the elderly, the same population affected by osteoporosis. Despite normal or even increased bone mineral density and low bone turnover, T2D is associated with an increased risk of fractures in most skeletal sites. These findings raised concerns over the efficacy of anti-osteoporosis drugs in this population. There is no randomised controlled trial designed specifically for people with T2D. However, observational studies and post-hoc analyses of randomised controlled trials have provided valuable insights into the effects of various anti-osteoporosis treatments in this population. Overall, most anti-osteoporosis drugs seem to have similar efficacy and safety profiles for people with and without type 2 diabetes. However, continued research and long-term safety data are needed to optimise treatment strategies and improve bone health outcomes in this population.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>The current evidence suggests that most anti-osteoporosis drugs exhibit comparable efficacy in people with and without T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Utility of Preclinical Models in Understanding the Bone Health of Transgender Individuals Undergoing Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy. 临床前模型对了解接受性别确认激素疗法的变性人骨骼健康的实用性。

IF 4.3 2区医学

Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00818-2

Varun S Venkatesh, Tian Nie, Jeffrey D Zajac, Mathis Grossmann, Rachel A Davey

{"title":"The Utility of Preclinical Models in Understanding the Bone Health of Transgender Individuals Undergoing Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.","authors":"Varun S Venkatesh, Tian Nie, Jeffrey D Zajac, Mathis Grossmann, Rachel A Davey","doi":"10.1007/s11914-023-00818-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11914-023-00818-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To summarise the evidence regarding the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on bone health in transgender people, to identify key knowledge gaps and how these gaps can be addressed using preclinical rodent models.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Sex hormones play a critical role in bone physiology, yet there is a paucity of research regarding the effects of GAHT on bone microstructure and fracture risk in transgender individuals. The controlled clinical studies required to yield fracture data are unethical to conduct making clinically translatable preclinical research of the utmost importance. Novel genetic and surgical preclinical models have yielded significant mechanistic insight into the roles of sex steroids on skeletal integrity. Preclinical models of GAHT have the potential inform clinical approaches to preserve skeletal integrity and prevent fractures in transgender people undergoing GAHT. This review highlights the key considerations required to ensure the information gained from preclinical models of GAHT are informative.</p>","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10724092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10234979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0