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Effects of dentin bonding agents and silanization on bond strength between 3D printed resin and composite resin. 牙本质粘接剂和硅烷化对 3D 打印树脂和复合树脂粘接强度的影响。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Dental materials journal Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-181
Jae-Yeon Han, Joo-Hee Shin, Ji-Suk Shim, Ryan Jin Young Kim
{"title":"Effects of dentin bonding agents and silanization on bond strength between 3D printed resin and composite resin.","authors":"Jae-Yeon Han, Joo-Hee Shin, Ji-Suk Shim, Ryan Jin Young Kim","doi":"10.4012/dmj.2023-181","DOIUrl":"10.4012/dmj.2023-181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dentin bonding agents and silanization on the bond strength between 3D printed resin and composite resin and compare it with a conventional composite resin. 3D printed resin cylinders (PCB) and composite resin substrates (Z250) were prepared and divided into eight subgroups based on the bonding agents used (n=12). The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and the failure modes were evaluated. The bond strength was found to vary significantly among the bonding agents and substrate types. Silane application did not significantly improve the bond strength. Among the bonding agents, the universal adhesives exhibited the highest bond strengths for both substrates. Compared to PCB, Z250 demonstrated stronger bonds and exhibited more cohesive failures. Further research is needed to optimize the surface treatments and resin formulations for enhanced bond strength and durability between 3D printed and composite resins.</p>","PeriodicalId":11065,"journal":{"name":"Dental materials journal","volume":" ","pages":"400-406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140891773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Color stability and translucency of newly developed composites for splinting teeth. 新开发的夹板牙齿用复合材料的颜色稳定性和半透明性。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Dental materials journal Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-257
Hyun-Ji Shin, Hyuntae Kim, Wonjoon Moon, Ji-Soo Song, Hong-Keun Hyun
{"title":"Color stability and translucency of newly developed composites for splinting teeth.","authors":"Hyun-Ji Shin, Hyuntae Kim, Wonjoon Moon, Ji-Soo Song, Hong-Keun Hyun","doi":"10.4012/dmj.2023-257","DOIUrl":"10.4012/dmj.2023-257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the colorimetric properties of newly developed composites for dental trauma splints using various staining solutions during the clinical splinting period. The clear shades of G-Fix (GF), Ortho Connect Flow (OC), Light Fix (LF), and Filtek Z350XT (FZ) were fabricated into 96 disk-shaped specimens. Specimens from each composite group were stored in distilled water, coffee, tea, and red wine solutions at 37ºC. CIE values were measured using a spectrophotometer at 24 h after specimen preparation and at 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks after storage in each solution. Color differences and translucency parameters were calculated using the initial and measured values. Within the experiment period, the color differences of GF, OC, and LF compared to the initial measurement were smaller than that for FZ for all staining solutions except distilled water. There were no significant color differences between the GF, OC, and LF groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":11065,"journal":{"name":"Dental materials journal","volume":" ","pages":"437-445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanical properties and degree of conversion of resin-based core build-up materials and short fiber-reinforced flowable resin-based composite. 树脂基芯材和短纤维增强可流动树脂基复合材料的机械性能和转化程度。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Dental materials journal Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-207
Abdulrahman Alshabib, Carlos A Jurado, Francisco X Azpiazu-Flores, Khalid Aldosary, Akimasa Tsujimoto, Hamad Algamaiah
{"title":"Mechanical properties and degree of conversion of resin-based core build-up materials and short fiber-reinforced flowable resin-based composite.","authors":"Abdulrahman Alshabib, Carlos A Jurado, Francisco X Azpiazu-Flores, Khalid Aldosary, Akimasa Tsujimoto, Hamad Algamaiah","doi":"10.4012/dmj.2023-207","DOIUrl":"10.4012/dmj.2023-207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the degree of conversion (DC), surface hardness (SH), and flexural strength (FS) of resin-based core build-up materials. Core build-up materials used were: MultiCore Flow (MCF); Activa (ACT); Core-X Flow (CXF); and everX flow (EVX), and DC, SH and FS were measured. An increase of DC was identified for all materials post-cure, except for EVX. The DC change percentage ranged from 5%-33%, and EVX was displayed the greatest DC rate. All materials displayed an SH increase after 30 days and the greatest increase was observed in ACT. At 1 h, the SH of EVX and CXF was different from the other materials. At 30 days, MCF displayed the greatest SH. All materials displayed an increase in their FS after 30 days except for EVX, and ranging 3%-36% were noticed. Differences observed between materials, thus clinician should be acquainted mechanical properties of these materials to ensure the success of the restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11065,"journal":{"name":"Dental materials journal","volume":" ","pages":"453-459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140861366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Residual stresses in glass crowns generated by polymerization and water sorption of resin cements. 树脂水门汀的聚合和吸水作用在玻璃牙冠中产生的残余应力。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Dental materials journal Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-283
Daichi Aizawa, Masao Hanabusa, Tohru Hayakawa, Takatsugu Yamamoto
{"title":"Residual stresses in glass crowns generated by polymerization and water sorption of resin cements.","authors":"Daichi Aizawa, Masao Hanabusa, Tohru Hayakawa, Takatsugu Yamamoto","doi":"10.4012/dmj.2023-283","DOIUrl":"10.4012/dmj.2023-283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated residual stresses in glass crowns cemented with resin cements. Glass caps were cemented to cylindrical cores using a conventional resin composite cement, a self-adhesive resin cement, or a methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based cement in dual-cure or self-cure mode. The cemented caps were stored in 37°C water for 28 days, and stresses on the cap surface were repeatedly measured. The water sorption, water solubility, and elastic modulus of the cements were also measured. Polymerization of the cements initially generated compressive stresses on the surfaces. Dual-curing or a greater modulus yielded greater initial stress. The stresses gradually decreased over time and lingered on the surfaces at 28 days with all the cements. Greater sorption tended to lead to greater stress reduction; however, the MMA-based cement exhibited less stress reduction despite exhibiting the greatest sorption. The use of a resin composite cement or dual-curing is recommended to reinforce crown restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11065,"journal":{"name":"Dental materials journal","volume":" ","pages":"460-468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140891776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antibacterial activities of phytochemicals against Porphyromonas gingivalis with and without experimental fluoride varnish for periodontal disease prevention. 植物化学物质对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的抗菌活性（含或不含预防牙周病的试验性氟化物清漆）。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Dental materials journal Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-294
Ju-Lee Son, Seunghan Oh, Seong Hwan Kim, Ji-Myung Bae
{"title":"Antibacterial activities of phytochemicals against Porphyromonas gingivalis with and without experimental fluoride varnish for periodontal disease prevention.","authors":"Ju-Lee Son, Seunghan Oh, Seong Hwan Kim, Ji-Myung Bae","doi":"10.4012/dmj.2023-294","DOIUrl":"10.4012/dmj.2023-294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of phytochemicals with or without an experimental fluoride varnish against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Five phytochemicals, chrysophanol (CHR), emodin (EMO), anthrarufin (ANT), bavachalcone (BCC), and isobavachromene (IBC), were tested using agar diffusion, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC), and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) assays. We also assessed the cell viability and cytotoxicity of phytochemicals. All phytochemicals showed clear inhibition zones in the agar diffusion test. The inhibition zones of all phytochemical-containing fluoride varnishes were similar to or larger than that of the positive control, excluding that of 1 mM EMO. With or without the fluoride varnish, BCC exhibited the lowest MIC and MBC levels. Cell viability was high in the presence of all phytochemicals except 200 μM EMO. In conclusion, BCC was most effective as a phytochemical alone, while all phytochemical-containing fluoride varnishes inhibited P. gingivalis growth without cytotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11065,"journal":{"name":"Dental materials journal","volume":" ","pages":"477-484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140891804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Repair bond strength of a new self-adhesive composite resin to three different resin-matrix ceramic CAD-CAM materials. 新型自粘复合树脂与三种不同树脂基质陶瓷 CAD-CAM 材料的修复粘接强度。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Dental materials journal Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Epub Date: 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-165
Hande Kemaloglu, Ozge Cay, Elif Ercan Devrimci, Tijen Pamir
{"title":"Repair bond strength of a new self-adhesive composite resin to three different resin-matrix ceramic CAD-CAM materials.","authors":"Hande Kemaloglu, Ozge Cay, Elif Ercan Devrimci, Tijen Pamir","doi":"10.4012/dmj.2023-165","DOIUrl":"10.4012/dmj.2023-165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength of two flowable composite resins to resin-matrix ceramic CAD-CAM materials.Fifty-four plates obtained from Lava Ultimate (LU), Cerasmart (CS), and Vita Enamic (VE) CAD-CAM blocks were assigned to nine groups: N0: Nova Compo SF (NCSF), N1: Silane/Single Bond Universal (SBU)/NCSF, N2: SBU/NCSF, N3: Silane/G-Premio Bond (GPB)/NCSF, N4: GPB/NCSF, G1: Silane/SBU/G-aenial Universal Injectable Composite (GUIC), G2: SBU/GUIC, G3: Silane/GPB/GUIC, G4: GPB/GUIC. After the repair procedures, shear bond strength values were analyzed. Silane pre-application decreased bond strength in most LU and CS groups but increased it in VE. NCSF performed better than GUIC in all CAD-CAM's with similar adhesive protocols. SBU in combination with NSCF had the highest bond strength among all repair procedures in LU and CS. Silane-containing universal adhesives in combination with self-adhesive resin composites should be used to repair resin-matrix ceramic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":11065,"journal":{"name":"Dental materials journal","volume":" ","pages":"137-145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139484828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Surface modification affects human gingival epithelial cell behavior on polyetheretherketone surfaces. 表面改性会影响人牙龈上皮细胞在聚醚醚酮表面上的行为。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Dental materials journal Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Epub Date: 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-196
Keiju Omatsu, Isao Yamawaki, Yoichiro Taguchi, Norimasa Tsumori, Yoshiya Hashimoto, Makoto Umeda
{"title":"Surface modification affects human gingival epithelial cell behavior on polyetheretherketone surfaces.","authors":"Keiju Omatsu, Isao Yamawaki, Yoichiro Taguchi, Norimasa Tsumori, Yoshiya Hashimoto, Makoto Umeda","doi":"10.4012/dmj.2023-196","DOIUrl":"10.4012/dmj.2023-196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gingival epithelial attachment to the abutment is important for the prevention of peri-implantitis. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has recently gained attention as an alternative material to titanium; however, it is biologically inert, which is disadvantageous for obtaining soft tissue sealing of the transmucosal part of the implant abutment. Therefore, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, argon plasma irradiation, and buffing were selected as treatments to modify the PEEK surface. None of the treatments had any effect on the material's mechanical strength. The UV and plasma treatments did not significantly affect the surface morphology. Surface elemental analysis showed a decrease in carbon content and an increase in oxygen content and wettability for all treatments. Human gingival epithelial cell adhesion, proliferation, and the expression of adhesion proteins integrin β4 and laminin 332, were increased. Surface modification to PEEK was suggested to enhance cell activity on PEEK.</p>","PeriodicalId":11065,"journal":{"name":"Dental materials journal","volume":" ","pages":"191-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139511872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Topographical and crystalline change on surface by sandblasting improve flexural and shear bond strength of niobia-modified yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal. 通过喷砂改变表面的地形和结晶，提高铌改性钇稳定四方氧化锆多晶的抗弯和抗剪粘结强度。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Dental materials journal Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-225
Ha-Young Kim, Jun-Ho Cho, Hyung-In Yoon, Jae-Hyun Lee, Sunyoung Choi, Jung-Suk Han, In-Sung Luke Yeo
{"title":"Topographical and crystalline change on surface by sandblasting improve flexural and shear bond strength of niobia-modified yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal.","authors":"Ha-Young Kim, Jun-Ho Cho, Hyung-In Yoon, Jae-Hyun Lee, Sunyoung Choi, Jung-Suk Han, In-Sung Luke Yeo","doi":"10.4012/dmj.2023-225","DOIUrl":"10.4012/dmj.2023-225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of sandblasting on the physical properties and bond strength of two types of translucent zirconia: niobium-oxide-containing yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals ((Y, Nb)-TZP) and 5 mol% yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ). Fully sintered disc specimens were either sandblasted with 125 µm alumina particles or left as-sintered. Surface roughness, crystal phase compositions, and surface morphology were explored. Biaxial flexural strength (n=10) and shear bond strength (SBS) (n=12) were evaluated, including thermocycling conditions. Results indicated a decrease in flexural strength of 5Y-PSZ from 601 to 303 MPa upon sandblasting, while (Y, Nb)-TZP improved from 458 to 544 MPa. Both materials significantly increased SBS after sandblasting (p<0.001). After thermocycling, (Y, Nb)-TZP maintained superior SBS (14.3 MPa) compared to 5Y-PSZ (11.3 MPa) (p<0.001). The study concludes that (Y, Nb)-TZP is preferable for sandblasting applications, particularly for achieving durable bonding without compromising flexural strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":11065,"journal":{"name":"Dental materials journal","volume":" ","pages":"216-226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139989587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How the repair bonding strength of hybrid ceramic CAD/CAM blocks is influenced by the use of surface treatments and universal adhesives. 混合陶瓷 CAD/CAM 块的修复粘接强度如何受到表面处理和通用粘合剂的影响。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Dental materials journal Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Epub Date: 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-237
İbrahim Doğan, Emel Karaman
{"title":"How the repair bonding strength of hybrid ceramic CAD/CAM blocks is influenced by the use of surface treatments and universal adhesives.","authors":"İbrahim Doğan, Emel Karaman","doi":"10.4012/dmj.2023-237","DOIUrl":"10.4012/dmj.2023-237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined how different methods of surface treatment and different universal adhesives with or without extra silane affected the repair bonding strength of hybrid ceramic CAD/CAM restorations. Cerasmart specimens (n=320) were subjected to thermocycling and assigned to the following surface pretreatment protocols: control, diamond bur (DB), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and tribochemical silica coating (TSC). Half the specimens received a coating of silane, followed by application of the universal adhesives Futurabond M+ (FMU), Tokuyama Universal Bond (TUB), Single Bond Universal (SBU), or Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CUQ) (n=10). A hybrid composite resin was used to simulate repair; then the specimens underwent further thermocycling. Shear bond strength (SBS) was determined and modes of failure were examined. The TSC-CUQ silane (-) group showed the highest SBS values. The best repairs were obtained when the surface was treated with TSC, with the exception of the DB-TUB silane (-) group. TUB increased SBS more than the other adhesives. Additional silane decreased SBS in the HF-TUB and TSC-CUQ groups, while increasing it in the TSC-TUB and DB-FMU groups (p<0.05).</p>","PeriodicalId":11065,"journal":{"name":"Dental materials journal","volume":" ","pages":"312-319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140021176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Three methods to measure the photopolymerization kinetics for different radiant emittance and composite type. 针对不同的辐射发射率和复合材料类型，采用三种方法测量光聚合动力学。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Dental materials journal Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-197
Chang-Ha Lee, In-Bog Lee
{"title":"Three methods to measure the photopolymerization kinetics for different radiant emittance and composite type.","authors":"Chang-Ha Lee, In-Bog Lee","doi":"10.4012/dmj.2023-197","DOIUrl":"10.4012/dmj.2023-197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photopolymerization kinetics affects the curing time, degree of conversion, polymerization shrinkage, and mechanical properties of composites. The aim of this study was to compare three methods (temperature, heat flow, and polymerization shrinkage) for photopolymerization kinetics measurement of composites. The photopolymerization kinetics of four composites (2 packable and 2 flowable) were measured with an LED light for 20 s (radiant emittance: 2,100 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>). For the two packable composites, photopolymerization kinetics was measured with varying the radiant emittance and exposure time. For each measurement method, peak times were determined as the time when maximum temperature rise, heat flow, and shrinkage rate occurred, respectively. The photopolymerization kinetics differed among the measurement methods. The photopolymerization kinetics of composites changed as the radiant emittance and composite type varied. In clinical practice and research on the composite restoration, the kinetics should be considered comprehensively with the complementary use of various measurement methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11065,"journal":{"name":"Dental materials journal","volume":" ","pages":"207-215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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