Current Opinion in Neurology最新文献_第6页

Editorial: Update on movement disorders. 社论：运动障碍的最新进展。

IF 4.1 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001281

Per Svenningsson

引用次数: 0

Levodopa infusion therapies for Parkinson disease. 帕金森病的左旋多巴输注疗法。

IF 4.1 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001277

Marissa N Dean, David G Standaert

{"title":"Levodopa infusion therapies for Parkinson disease.","authors":"Marissa N Dean, David G Standaert","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001277","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001277","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: to review recent progress in the development and use of continuous levodopa therapies in Parkinson disease (PD).Recent findings: Levodopa/Carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is a continuous levodopa therapy which is widely used in the United States, Europe and other countries and is effective at reducing 'off' time. Recent work has shown that LCIG can be useful in managing dyskinesias and can improve nonmotor symptoms and quality of life. Several studies have shown good long-term effectiveness of LCIG. Recent data support the cost-effectiveness of this treatment strategy. Subcutaneous (SC) delivery of levodopa is a newer strategy that avoids the need for a surgically placed gastric tube. Two different products enabling SC delivery of levodopa are in development: ND0612 and foslevodopa/foscarbidopa. Both have recently been shown to reduce 'off' time in randomized, double-blind trials. Adverse effects of SC levodopa are primarily related to skin reactions at the infusion site.Summary: Continuous levodopa therapies can be used to treat Parkinson disease motor fluctuations that cannot be managed with standard oral therapies. They may also improve nonmotor symptoms, and improve overall quality of life in patients with advanced PD.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"409-413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141080812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

fMRI-based spatio-temporal parcellations of the human brain. 基于 fMRI 的人脑时空细分。

IF 4.1 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001280

Qinrui Ling, Aiping Liu, Yu Li, Martin J McKeown, Xun Chen

{"title":"fMRI-based spatio-temporal parcellations of the human brain.","authors":"Qinrui Ling, Aiping Liu, Yu Li, Martin J McKeown, Xun Chen","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001280","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001280","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Human brain parcellation based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) plays an essential role in neuroscience research. By segmenting vast and intricate fMRI data into functionally similar units, researchers can better decipher the brain's structure in both healthy and diseased states. This article reviews current methodologies and ideas in this field, while also outlining the obstacles and directions for future research.Recent findings: Traditional brain parcellation techniques, which often rely on cytoarchitectonic criteria, overlook the functional and temporal information accessible through fMRI. The adoption of machine learning techniques, notably deep learning, offers the potential to harness both spatial and temporal information for more nuanced brain segmentation. However, the search for a one-size-fits-all solution to brain segmentation is impractical, with the choice between group-level or individual-level models and the intended downstream analysis influencing the optimal parcellation strategy. Additionally, evaluating these models is complicated by our incomplete understanding of brain function and the absence of a definitive \"ground truth\".Summary: While recent methodological advancements have significantly enhanced our grasp of the brain's spatial and temporal dynamics, challenges persist in advancing fMRI-based spatio-temporal representations. Future efforts will likely focus on refining model evaluation and selection as well as developing methods that offer clear interpretability for clinical usage, thereby facilitating further breakthroughs in our comprehension of the brain.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"369-380"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shifting our attention earlier in the multiple sclerosis disease course. 在多发性硬化症病程的早期转移我们的注意力。

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001268

Samantha E Epstein, Erin E Longbrake

{"title":"Shifting our attention earlier in the multiple sclerosis disease course.","authors":"Samantha E Epstein, Erin E Longbrake","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001268","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001268","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Revisions of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostic criteria enable clinicians to diagnose patients earlier in the biologic disease course. Prompt initiation of therapy correlates with improved clinical outcomes. This has led to increased attention on the earliest stages of MS, including the MS prodrome and radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS). Here, we review current understanding and approach to patients with preclinical MS.Recent findings: MS disease biology often begins well before the onset of typical MS symptoms, and we are increasingly able to recognize preclinical and prodromal stages of MS. RIS represents the best characterized aspect of preclinical MS, and its diagnostic criteria were recently revised to better capture patients at highest risk of conversion to clinical MS. The first two randomized control trials evaluating disease modifying therapy use in RIS also found that treatment could delay or prevent onset of clinical disease.Summary: Despite progress in our understanding of the earliest stages of the MS disease course, additional research is needed to systematically identify patients with preclinical MS as well as capture those at risk for developing clinical disease. Recent data suggests that preventive immunomodulatory therapies may be beneficial for high-risk patients with RIS; though management remains controversial.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"212-219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140305157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New knowledge on anti-IgLON5 disease. 抗 IgLON5 疾病的新知识。

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001271

Carles Gaig, Lidia Sabater

{"title":"New knowledge on anti-IgLON5 disease.","authors":"Carles Gaig, Lidia Sabater","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001271","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001271","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Anti-IgLON5 disease is characterized by a distinctive sleep disorder, associated with a heterogeneous spectrum of neurological symptoms. Initial autopsies showed a novel neuronal tauopathy predominantly located in the tegmentum of the brainstem. Recently, new diagnostic red flags, biomarkers predictors of response to immunotherapy, and novel insights into the autoimmune pathogenesis of the disease have been reported.Recent findings: Patients with diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) or with motor-neuron disease (MND)-like syndrome have been reported to have IgLON5 antibodies, which are the hallmark of anti-IgLON5 disease. Second, low levels of neurofilament light chain in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients at disease onset could be a predictor of immunotherapy response. Recent neuropathological studies indicate that the neuronal tau deposits occur late in the course of the disease. Moreover, IgLON5 antibodies induce cytoskeletal changes in cultured hippocampal neurons suggesting that the tauopathy could be secondary of the IgLON5 antibody effects.Summary: Anti-IgLON5 disease can mimic and should be considered in atypical presentations of MND, neurodegenerative dementia and PSP. Neurofilament light chain levels seem promising biomarker for disease prognosis. Finally, the neuropathological and in vitro experimental studies strengthen the autoimmune hypothesis of the disease.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"316-321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11064895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of caffeine in headache disorders. 咖啡因在头痛疾病中的作用。

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001249

Andrew Charles

{"title":"The role of caffeine in headache disorders.","authors":"Andrew Charles","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001249","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001249","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Caffeine is known to have both beneficial and adverse effects in individuals with headache disorders. This review describes recent findings regarding caffeine that are relevant to headache disorders and puts these findings into the context of clinical management.Recent findings: Preclinical studies show that caffeine has complex effects on sleep, brain blood flow, and intracranial pressure that may depend on the timing of caffeine intake relative to the sleep-wake cycle. Caffeine metabolism may have significant inter-individual variation that influences its therapeutic and/or adverse effects. Caffeine has acute therapeutic benefit for some primary headache disorders. For migraine, this benefit is predominantly in milder headache without cutaneous allodynia. High levels of caffeine intake may contribute to progression of headache disorders. Caffeine-containing combination analgesics commonly cause medication overuse headache. Abrupt reduction in caffeine consumption is a trigger for migraine that may be important in situations including the hospital setting, religious and cultural fasting, and pregnancy.Summary: There is not sufficient evidence to support universal guidelines for the use of dietary and medicinal caffeine in headache disorders. A sensible approach based upon available evidence is to limit dietary caffeine intake to moderate amounts with consistent timing before noon, and to use caffeine-containing combination analgesics infrequently for milder headache.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"289-294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139702015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding multiple sclerosis as a disease spectrum: above and below the clinical threshold. 将多发性硬化症视为一种疾病谱：高于和低于临床阈值。

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001262

Stephen Krieger, Karin Cook, Carrie M Hersh

{"title":"Understanding multiple sclerosis as a disease spectrum: above and below the clinical threshold.","authors":"Stephen Krieger, Karin Cook, Carrie M Hersh","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001262","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001262","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Research in multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been predicated on clinical groupings that do not reflect the underlying biologic heterogeneity apparent within patient populations. This review explicates the various levels of explanation through which the spectrum of disease is described and investigated both above and below the clinical threshold of detection, as framed by the topographical model of MS, to help advance a cogent mechanistic framework.Recent findings: Contemporary evidence has amended the view of MS as consisting of sequential disease phases in favor of a spectrum of disease with an admixture of interdependent and dynamic pathobiological axes driving tissue injury and progression. Recent studies have shown the presence of acute and compartmentalized inflammation and mechanisms of neurodegeneration beginning early and evolving throughout the disease continuum. Still, the gap between the understanding of immunopathologic processes in MS and the tools used to measure relevant molecular, laboratory, radiologic, and clinical metrics needs attention to enable better prognostication of disease and monitoring for changes along specific pathologic axes and variable treatment outcomes.Summary: Aligning on a consistently-applied mechanistic framework at distinct levels of explanation will enable greater precision across bench and clinical research, and inform discourse on drivers of disability progression and delivery of care for individuals with MS.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"189-201"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11064902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140293122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Posttraumatic headache is a distinct headache type from migraine. 创伤后头痛是一种不同于偏头痛的头痛类型。

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001247

Keiko Ihara, Todd J Schwedt

引用次数: 0

Central nervous system adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors. 免疫检查点抑制剂的中枢神经系统不良事件。

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001259

Antonio Farina, Macarena Villagrán-García, Alberto Vogrig, Bastien Joubert

{"title":"Central nervous system adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors.","authors":"Antonio Farina, Macarena Villagrán-García, Alberto Vogrig, Bastien Joubert","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001259","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001259","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) may trigger immune-related adverse events which rarely affect the central nervous system (CNS-irAEs). Over the past few years, cumulative data have led to the characterization of well defined syndromes with distinct cancer and antibody associations as well as different outcomes.Recent findings: The most frequent CNS-irAE is encephalitis, which includes three main groups: meningoencephalitis, a nonfocal syndrome usually responsive to corticosteroids; limbic encephalitis, associated with high-risk paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) antibodies (e.g. anti-Hu, anti-Ma2) and neuroendocrine cancers, characterized by poor treatment response and outcomes; and cerebellar ataxia, with variable outcomes (worse when high-risk PNS antibodies are detected). Additionally, a diffuse encephalopathy without inflammatory findings, with poor response to corticosteroids and high mortality has been described. The spectrum of CNS-irAEs also includes meningitis, myelitis, and rarer presentations. A subset of CNS-irAEs (i.e. limbic encephalitis and/or rapidly progressive cerebellar ataxia) is undistinguishable from ICI-naïve PNS.Summary: The clinical and outcomes diversity of CNS-irAEs suggests different pathogenic mechanisms, which need to be understood to establish more effective and specific treatment modalities. It is crucial to identify biomarkers able to predict which patients will experience severe CNS-irAEs, to anticipate their diagnosis, and to predict long-term outcomes.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"345-352"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140119034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical characteristics of patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies. 髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体患者的临床特征。

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001265

Elisabeth Maillart, Kumaran Deiva, Romain Marignier

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies.","authors":"Elisabeth Maillart, Kumaran Deiva, Romain Marignier","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001265","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001265","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The clinical landscape associated to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-Ab) has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past two decades, primarily driven by advancements in antibody detection techniques that have enhanced both the specificity and sensitivity of assays, enabling the identification of novel clinical phenotypes.Recent findings: Recent pivotal research publications, comprehensive reviews from established research groups, and most notably the first proposed international criteria for MOG-Ab associated disease (MOGAD) have substantially enriched our understanding of the clinical features associated with MOG-Ab. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the clinical characteristics of patients with MOG-Ab, systematically examining each core clinical syndrome defined by the proposed international MOGAD criteria. We incorporated recent insights and discussed potential challenges in applying these criteria across diverse clinical scenarios.Summary: The proposed international MOGAD criteria provide a comprehensive, homogeneous, and specific framework for characterizing the clinical features of patients with MOG-Ab, encompassing both paediatric and adult populations. In the future, the widespread adoption of specific and reliable assays for MOG-Ab detection, complemented by the development of surrogate fluid and imaging markers, holds promise for better characterizing atypical presentations, only-cerebrospinal fluid positivity and the MOGAD \"seronegative\" situations.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"338-344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140142944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0