Current Opinion in Neurology最新文献

Global to individual: key domains of burden in pediatric headache. 全球到个体：儿童头痛负担的关键领域。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001468

Estée C H Feldman, Taylor Gates, Scott W Powers

{"title":"Global to individual: key domains of burden in pediatric headache.","authors":"Estée C H Feldman, Taylor Gates, Scott W Powers","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001468","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001468","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Pediatric headache not only impacts an individual's psychosocial, physical, and academic functioning, but also imposes a burden on their broader systems (e.g. healthcare, financial systems). Literature regarding the bidirectional nature of the socioecological burden of pediatric headache has yet to be synthesized. This is crucial, given the importance of identifying next steps for health-policy, advocacy, research, and intervention development for pediatric headache.Recent findings: Globally, rates of pediatric headache have risen, with incidence and prevalence varying by geographical location and headache type. Healthcare system and family financial burden of headache suggests increases in healthcare utilization and costs, and parental loss of wages due to missed work. Psychosocial and academic impacts of headache on youth include poorer school attendance, higher rates of stress, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing disorders.Summary: The burden of pediatric headache is clear across several domains of functioning and affects the broader systems supporting the impacted individual. Nuanced relationships between psychosocial functioning and pediatric headache have emerged, demonstrating the need for future research to consider specific factors (e.g. headache type, age, and gender) as moderators of disability-related outcomes and psychosocial functioning, and the clinical development of biopsychosocial interventions tailored to address domains of disability.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"313-318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146225133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MRI in multiple sclerosis: progress in in-vivo pathobiology. 多发性硬化症的MRI：体内病理生物学的进展。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-04 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001487

Rosa Cortese, Alessia Bianchi, Nicola De Stefano

{"title":"MRI in multiple sclerosis: progress in in-vivo pathobiology.","authors":"Rosa Cortese, Alessia Bianchi, Nicola De Stefano","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001487","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001487","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have substantially expanded the ability to investigate multiple sclerosis (MS) pathobiology in-vivo. Beyond its diagnostic role, MRI now captures blood-brain barrier dysfunction, demyelination, neuroaxonal loss, glial activation, and network disruption across disease stages. This review is timely as accumulating evidence challenges a purely inflammation-driven (\"outside-in\") model of MS and supports interacting central nervous system-intrinsic (\"inside-out\") mechanisms that contribute to progression and disability.Recent findings: Conventional MRI markers, such as gadolinium-enhancing lesions and T2 lesion burden, primarily reflect focal inflammatory activity. Advanced imaging techniques reveal diffuse tissue vulnerability, chronic active lesions, meningeal inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and network failure, often independent of acute inflammation. These biomarkers bridge focal lesion pathology with smoldering, compartmentalized, and neurodegenerative processes.Summary: MRI supports a unified model of MS in which inflammatory, metabolic, and neurodegenerative mechanisms interact rather than follow a single linear cascade. Mechanistic MRI biomarkers enable biological stratification of patients, inform prognosis, and provide sensitive outcome measures for neuroprotective and remyelinating therapies, moving the field beyond lesion counting toward precision medicine.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"232-239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

News in autoimmune myelitis in the oncological context. 肿瘤学背景下自身免疫性脊髓炎的新进展

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001491

Nicolas Collongues

{"title":"News in autoimmune myelitis in the oncological context.","authors":"Nicolas Collongues","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001491","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001491","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Autoimmune myelitis represents a heterogeneous group of disorders whose classification has evolved substantially over the past decade. Advances in antibody diagnostics and the widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oncology have reshaped current concepts, revealing mechanistic and clinical overlaps between antibody-mediated, paraneoplastic, and treatment-induced myelopathies.Recent findings: Antibody-associated myelitis, including myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive NMOSD and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathies, accounts for many cases previously labeled idiopathic. Paraneoplastic myelitis is rare but severe, possibly overlapping with NMOSD or GFAP astrocytopathies. In parallel, ICIs have emerged as a novel trigger of immune-mediated myelitis, capable of inducing de novo inflammatory spinal cord syndromes or unmasking latent autoimmune diseases, including AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD and GFAP astrocytopathies but not MOGAD.Summary: Autoimmune myelitis is best conceptualized within an etiological and context-dependent framework integrating antibody status, oncological evaluation, and exposure to immunotherapies. The expanding interface between astrocytopathies, paraneoplastic syndromes, and ICI-associated myelitis has important diagnostic and therapeutic implications, underscoring the need for systematic antibody testing and cancer screening in patients with inflammatory myelopathy.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":"39 3","pages":"378-384"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Galectins in the brain: advances in neuroinflammation, neuroprotection and therapeutic opportunities: Erratum. 脑中的半凝集素：神经炎症、神经保护和治疗机会的进展：勘误。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001483

引用次数: 0

Genetic role in autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. 自身免疫性脑炎和副肿瘤神经综合征的遗传作用。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-17 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001486

Sophie N M Binks, Jeroan Yip, Julian C Knight

{"title":"Genetic role in autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.","authors":"Sophie N M Binks, Jeroan Yip, Julian C Knight","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001486","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001486","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To synthesize evidence and recent advances concerning genetic contributors to autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS), relating these to disease processes and clinical management.Recent findings: The known immunogenetic role of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) region - critical to immune and infection response - was refined. A multiethnic IgLON5 study revealed DQ associations, surpassing those previously demonstrated with DR , and arguing for T cell involvement. In PNS with anti-Hu antibodies, a DQB1*02:01 ~ DRB1*03:01 haplotype was preferentially linked to a sensory neuropathy phenotype.Outside the HLA, there were genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the two commonest AEs. The first AE GWAS with discovery and validation cohorts took place in leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1-antibody encephalitis (LGI1-Ab-E). This identified a risk locus in PTPRD , a protein tyrosine phosphatase with dual immune and brain activity, and a polygenic risk score (PRS). In N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor-antibody encephalitis (NMDAR-Ab-E), a discovery-only cohort implicated the type 1 interferon pathway gene IFIH1.Summary: Genetic status can perform as a biomarker or prioritize targets for drug development. The paucity of familial cases, the allele frequency of risk HLAs in healthy individuals, and the applicability of PRS, support a multihit model combining genetic and environmental risks.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"341-350"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13152078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigational approaches to multiple sclerosis therapy. 多发性硬化症治疗的研究方法。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001494

Joshua M Boeckers, Marc Pawlitzki, Hans-Peter Hartung, Tobias Ruck, Sven G Meuth

{"title":"Investigational approaches to multiple sclerosis therapy.","authors":"Joshua M Boeckers, Marc Pawlitzki, Hans-Peter Hartung, Tobias Ruck, Sven G Meuth","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001494","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001494","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Multiple sclerosis (MS) research is entering a new therapeutic era. Beyond relapse rate reduction, the prevention of disability progression and, ideally, even the avoidance of disease development are now being formulated as new therapeutic goals. This review summarizes emerging treatment strategies spanning next-generation immunomodulation, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) targeted interventions, remyelination agents, and cell-based therapies.Recent findings: Central nervous system (CNS) penetrant Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors show early indications of slowing progression by targeting compartmentalized inflammation. Fc-silent CD40L blockade offers a non-depleting alternative and suppresses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity in a phase 2 trial. EBV-directed strategies, including adoptive T-cell therapy and prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines, represent initial attempts to modify a likely causal driver of MS. Remyelination candidates including clemastine, selective M1 muscarinic receptor antagonists and other emerging agents, demonstrate biological activity but limited clinical benefit. Cell-based approaches, such as mesenchymal stem cell derived neural progenitors (MSC-NPs) and CD19 or B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) constructs, remain early phase but show initial biological signals.Summary: These advances mark a shift toward precision immunomodulation, causal targeting, and CNS repair, with BTK inhibitors and CD40L blockade advancing as promising candidates to address progression in MS.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":"39 3","pages":"273-280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing treatment response in multiple sclerosis. 评估多发性硬化症的治疗反应。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001493

Fabian Föttinger, Nik Krajnc, Gabriel Bsteh

{"title":"Assessing treatment response in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Fabian Föttinger, Nik Krajnc, Gabriel Bsteh","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001493","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001493","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the review: The evaluation of treatment response in multiple sclerosis (MS) has become increasingly nuanced as the field shifts from a primarily relapse-oriented perspective toward a more comprehensive understanding of the continuous interaction between inflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms.Recent findings: Traditional clinical measures, while indispensable, capture only a fraction of the disease process and are insufficient to detect the insidious progression that accounts for a substantial proportion of long-term disability. Enhanced functional assessments provide greater sensitivity to subtle clinical deterioration, and MRI remains the principal modality for identifying subclinical focal inflammatory activity. In parallel, biomarkers of neurodegeneration, including inner retinal layer thinning measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluid biomarkers such as serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), offer complementary insights into diffuse pathological processes that elude conventional monitoring.Summary: A personalized monitoring strategy that integrates clinical assessment, imaging and fluid biomarkers holds the greatest promise for improving the detection of subclinical disease activity, refining risk stratification, and enabling more informed and individualized treatment decisions in contemporary MS care.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"262-272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13152073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New insights in multiple sclerosis pathology. 多发性硬化症病理学的新见解。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-04 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001477

Yotam Menuchin-Lasowski, Tanja Kuhlmann

{"title":"New insights in multiple sclerosis pathology.","authors":"Yotam Menuchin-Lasowski, Tanja Kuhlmann","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001477","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001477","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Current concepts suggest that relapse associated worsening as well as progression independent of relapse activity contributes to the long-term disability outcome of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review, we summarize recent studies aiming at the identification of the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving disease progression with a strong focus on studies analyzing human tissue samples.Recent findings: Tissue resident memory cells and microglia emerge as important drivers of persisting inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS) and disease progression in MS. Furthermore, the detrimental role of soluble factors for neurons, synapses and remyelination becomes more evident. Combined experimental and human tissue studies revealed detrimental neuronal injury mechanisms triggered by interferon γ. The analysis of MS tissue samples by modern -omic approaches added to the disentangling of the complex interactions between invading and resident immune cells as well as neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.Summary: Knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving MS progression has substantially advanced in recent years and modern -omics analyses of well-characterized MS tissues provide unprecedented insight into disease mechanisms and potentially open avenues for novel therapeutic approaches targeting CNS intrinsic inflammation, neurodegeneration and promotion of remyelination.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"281-289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cellular immunophenotyping in multiple sclerosis: advances and clinical implications. 多发性硬化症的细胞免疫分型：进展和临床意义。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001496

Thiemo M Möllenkamp, Louisa Müller-Miny, Gerd Meyer Zu Hörste

{"title":"Cellular immunophenotyping in multiple sclerosis: advances and clinical implications.","authors":"Thiemo M Möllenkamp, Louisa Müller-Miny, Gerd Meyer Zu Hörste","doi":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001496","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WCO.0000000000001496","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Multiple sclerosis is a clinically heterogeneous disease that is driven by complex immune mechanisms. This review summarizes recent methodological advances in immunophenotyping and discusses clinical implications for diagnosis, prognosis, therapy selection, and monitoring.Recent findings: Methodological advances like high-dimensional flow cytometry and single-cell technologies aim to define Multiple sclerosis immunological endophenotypes associated with different disease trajectories. Novel spectral flow and mass cytometry panels reveal distinct immune cell subsets. Myeloid cell populations have been identified in aggressive disease variants and tissue-resident T cells in cerebrospinal fluid. Clinically, baseline immune signatures aim to predict disease progression and treatment response. Patients with a highly inflammatory immune profile have been found to exhibit more rapid progression and to be prone to treatment failure. Immunophenotyping may therefore guide treatment, from identifying those at risk of Alemtuzumab-induced autoimmunity to monitoring B-cell repopulation for personalized dosing schedules.Summary: Immunophenotyping enables increasingly precise characterization of Multiple sclerosis immuno-pathogenesis. While not yet routine, these tools show promise for improving differential diagnosis, individualizing therapy initiation and monitoring. Ongoing research and standardization are paving the way towards precision immunology-approaches in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":11059,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"290-298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Focus on migraine prodrome: what should clinicians know? 关注偏头痛前症：临床医生应该知道什么？

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-08 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001485

Monica Ngo, Mohammad Ismail Ehsani-Nia, Jessica Ailani

引用次数: 0