{"title":"Recent advances on hormones and behavior in vertebrates: inspiration for and from invertebrate science","authors":"Luke Remage-Healey","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review, as part of an introduction to the special issue, has two goals: First, I consider the inspiration that vertebrate neuroendocrinologists continue to draw from foundational discoveries in invertebrate species for understanding neurohormone signaling and action. Second, I lay out select examples of recent advances in understanding hormones and behavior in vertebrates that might provide fodder for new methodological and/or conceptual advances for entomologists and others. Lastly, I provide some examples of recent efforts incorporating computational modeling that can help inspire ways to balance theoretical and empirical approaches to hormone and neuroendocrine science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101409"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando G Noriega , Guy Bloch , Martin Moos , Petr Simek , Marek Jindra
{"title":"Approaches to quantify and manipulate insect hormone signals","authors":"Fernando G Noriega , Guy Bloch , Martin Moos , Petr Simek , Marek Jindra","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hormones play a decisive role in many aspects of insect biology. To study processes controlled by hormones, one needs methods to identify and quantify hormone titers and tools to enhance or suppress hormonal signaling experimentally. In this review, we focus on the key lipidic insect hormones, the juvenile hormones (JHs), and the ecdysteroids. The lipophilic nature of JH and ecdysteroids in combination with their low endogenous titers makes handling and quantification challenging but feasible owing to the improvement of analytical detection methods. Chemical and genetic approaches to modulate hormonal homeostasis have been developed based on knowledge of hormone biosynthetic and biodegrading enzymes, transporters, and receptors and enabled by advances in reverse genetics techniques. Here, we overview contemporary methods available to detect and quantify JHs and ecdysteroids from insect samples and to manipulate endocrine homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Klammsteiner , Carina D Heussler , Heribert Insam , Jeffery K Tomberlin , Birgit C Schlick-Steiner , Florian M Steiner
{"title":"Exploring interkingdom communication: the case of black soldier fly mass-rearing","authors":"Thomas Klammsteiner , Carina D Heussler , Heribert Insam , Jeffery K Tomberlin , Birgit C Schlick-Steiner , Florian M Steiner","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interkingdom communication through volatile organic compounds influences interactions among organisms at a level often imperceptible to humans. Artificial settings that depend on the biotechnical exploitation of biological processes, such as the rapidly expanding sector of insect farming, are strongly affected by this often-overlooked multiway communication. Here, we aim to portray the significance of interkingdom communication influencing insect behavior. We use the black soldier fly (<em>Hermetia illucens</em>) as a model system to introduce the necessary actions to improve our understanding of communication between insects and microbes. Successful exploration of this phenomenon could transform the bioeconomy by improving insect mass-rearing processes and enhancing insect welfare. By interlocking behavioral and molecular ecology, chemistry, microbiology, and bioinformatics, we can uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions and develop practical applications for improved industrial practices. Future work should focus on pursuing research avenues to untangle the interwoven nature of insect behavior and microbial communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genetic control strategies for population suppression in the Anopheles gambiae complex: a review of current technologies","authors":"Alekos Simoni , Ignacio Tolosana , Federica Bernardini","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malaria continues to pose a critical public health threat, with mosquitoes from the <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> complex acting as the main vectors of the disease in sub-Saharan Africa, where approximately 95% of malaria-related deaths occur. Despite significant advancements in vector control, such as insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor spraying, the effectiveness of these interventions is increasingly compromised by various challenges, including rising levels of insecticide and pathogen resistance, mosquito behavioural adaptations, and persistent funding gaps. In this context, genetic vector control strategies have shown considerable promise, primarily based on findings from controlled laboratory studies. This review explores the development of these genetic approaches within the <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> complex and outlines future directions for their advancement and potential integration into malaria control efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucio Navarro-Escalante , A H M Zuberi Ashraf , Sean P Leonard , Jeffrey E Barrick
{"title":"Protecting honey bees through microbiome engineering","authors":"Lucio Navarro-Escalante , A H M Zuberi Ashraf , Sean P Leonard , Jeffrey E Barrick","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honey bees are indispensable insects. Their pollination services support modern agriculture and natural ecosystems. Managed honey bee colonies face increasing threats to their survival, ranging from environmental stressors that include agrochemicals to infestations of arthropod pests and infections with microbial pathogens. Like humans, honey bees have a native gut microbiome that supports their health. However, the bee gut microbiome has a simpler composition than the gut microbiome of mammals, and its main constituent bacterial species can be easily cultured outside of the host. This experimental tractability and the need for new methods for protecting hive health have made honey bees a testbed for synthetic microbiomes augmented with probiotic bacteria and engineered DNA. Here, we discuss the natural benefits of bee gut bacteria, recent progress in genetically modifying these bacteria, and how symbiont-mediated RNA interference and other microbiome engineering approaches can boost bee immunity and suppress bee pathogens and parasites. Finally, we discuss how emerging methods for microbiome engineering and biocontainment could be applied to honey bees and used to address challenges in translating these proof-of-principle achievements into safe and effective technologies for field applications at scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Engineering new clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-mediated population control for tephritid pests.","authors":"Serafima Davydova, Angela Meccariello","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tephritid fruit flies threaten the agricultural industry with a rising intensity on a worldwide scale. The application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) in insects has resulted in a current boost of CRISPR studies in tephritid pests. One of the primary pathways toward more efficient population management lies in genetic improvements to the Sterile Insect Technique. Herein, we review the pivotal advances in CRISPR application in non-model tephritid fruit flies in recent years. This consists of proof-of-principle studies to optimise CRISPR tools, applications for female elimination and male sterility, and the existing CRISPR-based systems for population control.</p>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":" ","pages":"101415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"To each their own: the diversity of primary sex determination signals in insects.","authors":"Filippo Guerra, Eveline C Verhulst","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In insects, sex is defined via a cascade of signals constituted by an initial primary signal, an autoregulatory signal, and an actuator that causes sexual differentiation. The cascade is conserved at the level of the actuator, Doublesex, whilst primary signals are hypervariable. These primary sex-determination signals evolve and diversify under the pressure of environmental and genomic forces and within the context of the diverse insect sex-determination systems. We report the known primary sex-determination signals and provide an overview of the forces that drive their evolution. We highlight that closely related species can have different primary sex determination signals, yet these are often functionally conserved in either kick-starting (loop starters) or interrupting (loop breakers) the default sex determination cascade.</p>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":" ","pages":"101414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Juvenile hormone signaling and social complexity in the Hymenoptera","authors":"Yuval Shalem, Tzvi S Goldberg, Guy Bloch","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seminal discovery that in adults of the highly social honey bee (<em>Apis mellifera</em>), juvenile hormone (JH) regulates age-related division of labor (DoL) but not adult fertility, unlike in most insects, has led to the hypothesis that the evolution of insect sociality involved modifications in JH signaling. Recent studies examining JH functions across the Hymenoptera provide two main insights: First, significant progress in studies of the bumble bee <em>Bombus terrestris</em>, which exhibits an intermediate level of social complexity relative to honey bees, shows that JH regulates multiple tissues involved in reproduction, but not task performance. JH also seems to function as a primary gonadotropin in bees showing solitary lifestyles or low levels of social complexity, highlighting a marked contrast with its roles in honey bees. Second, this association between JH function and social complexity in bees does not generalize to other lineages. The few studies on JH function in highly social stingless bees are not consistent with the honey bee model. In wasps and hornets, JH typically influences both fertility and age-related DoL. There is substantial variability across ant species, offering no consistent model linking JH function to social complexity. We propose that although JH signaling is commonly modified in social insects, the specific changes differ between — and sometimes within — lineages. There is no one model linking JH function to social complexity across major lineages, likely due to changes in related pathways. These modifications enable social insects to circumvent the trade-off between reproduction and maintenance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101433"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chromosomal rearrangements in mosquitoes: from micro- to macroevolution","authors":"Maria V Sharakhova , Igor V Sharakhov","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chromosomal rearrangements are believed to play a critical role in shaping the eco-evolutionary dynamics of diverse organisms, including mosquitoes. The availability of high-quality genome assemblies of multiple mosquito species has revolutionized the study of these rearrangements. Researchers can now employ genomic approaches to identify chromosomal rearrangements and gain new insights into their role in both microevolutionary and macroevolutionary processes. Autosomal inversions are emerging as possible key drivers of adaptation in mosquitoes. By maintaining standing genetic variation, inversions enable mosquito populations to rapidly adapt to environmental pressures, including insecticide-based vector control methods. X-chromosomal inversions may also play a role in speciation by reducing gene flow between diverging populations. Since mosquitoes are primary vectors of many human diseases, understanding the genomic basis of their adaptation and evolution is important from an epidemiological perspective. Studying chromosomal rearrangements can help identify chromosomal regions associated with adaptation to environmental stresses or insecticide resistance, thereby improving the efficacy of disease management programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 101393"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144215126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuroanatomy of blood-feeding arthropods","authors":"Jessica A Hearn, Gabriella H Wolff","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hematophagy has evolved independently numerous times across a variety of arthropods. Many of these blood-sucking animals, like kissing bugs or mosquitoes, transmit infectious diseases, resulting in numerous studies describing their sensory systems or ecology. Other species, like bed bugs or head lice, are not considered life-threatening but still elicit concern as a hygiene problem worldwide. Revealing the anatomy of the nervous systems in these arthropods expands our understanding of how they process environmental stimuli and locate hosts. Neural structures and the neuromodulators they express may be putative targets for vector control. In this review, we identify the known neuroanatomy of hematophagous arthropods, focusing on bed bugs, kissing bugs, lice, mosquitoes and other flies, and, finally, ticks. We also describe knowledge gaps and suggest areas of future study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 101402"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}