{"title":"In-situ high-throughput nanoelectrochemistry for battery characterization","authors":"Si-Min Lu, Jean-François Lemineur, Jean-Marc Noël, Frédéric Kanoufi","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive understanding of dynamic structure–activity relationships in materials under operating conditions is essential for improving the efficiency, performance, and lifespan of rechargeable battery systems. Traditional characterization techniques struggle to capture real-time processes within the battery “black box.” The emergence of nanoelectrochemistry provides diverse <em>in-situ</em> and high-throughput toolkits for probing material dynamics at the electrode–electrolyte nanointerface. This review highlights two representative techniques, collision electrochemistry and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy, and demonstrates their ability to monitor transient mass transport and charge transfer kinetics in battery materials and interfaces at nanodomains with sub-millisecond resolution. Additionally, it explores the potential of high-resolution optical imaging to achieve nanoscale visualization of structural spatiodynamics at the single particle–electrolyte interface during charge/discharge over multiple time scales, ranging from milliseconds to hours. Finally, future advancements are envisioned to enable accelerated mechanistic insights, rational material design, and automated discovery of next-generation battery materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101693"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiantian Lei , Yifeng Xu , Yao Li , Liyun Huang , Li Ma , Daiqiang Si , Kairui Wang , Fengmei Wang , Jiquan Liu , Lin Lei , Liping Cao , Ying Yang
{"title":"Recent advances in all-iron flow batteries (AIFBs)","authors":"Tiantian Lei , Yifeng Xu , Yao Li , Liyun Huang , Li Ma , Daiqiang Si , Kairui Wang , Fengmei Wang , Jiquan Liu , Lin Lei , Liping Cao , Ying Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cost of active material for all-vanadium flow batteries is high, so that all-iron flow batteries (AIFBs) may be a good choice for decreasing the cost of redox flow batteries. However, there are some problems such as iron dendrite and hydrogen evolution in acidic AIFBs, and hydrolysis and precipitation of iron hydroxide in alkaline AIFBs. This review reveals the underlying causes of these problems, and summarizes recent researchers’ solutions to these problems. In addition, this review discusses the effect of different ligands on the electrode potential of negolytes and raises prospects for the future trends of research on the AIFBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101702"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jéssica Alves Nogueira, Lucas Dias Germano, Leonardo Domenico De Angelis, Susana Inés Córdoba de Torresi
{"title":"The role of water and cations in shaping electrified interfaces: Insights from Raman and FTIR spectroscopy","authors":"Jéssica Alves Nogueira, Lucas Dias Germano, Leonardo Domenico De Angelis, Susana Inés Córdoba de Torresi","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A detailed understanding of the structural dynamics of water at the electrode/electrolyte interface is essential for deciphering and improving electrocatalyst performance. This review highlights innovative uses of Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy to probe interfacial water under electrochemical conditions. Moving beyond conventional approaches, we discuss strategies that evaluate the influence of electrolyte composition and external stimuli—such as light irradiation—on the dynamics of interfacial species. These <em>in situ</em> techniques uncover changes in water orientation and coordination during critical reactions like CO<sub>2</sub> reduction and oxygen evolution. In alkaline environments, cations significantly influence interfacial dynamics: their hydration shells disrupt hydrogen bonding networks, modulating water adsorption, local electric fields, proton transport, and the stabilization of reaction intermediates. The creative application of advanced spectroscopic techniques to evaluate the effects of electrolytes, applied potentials, and/or irradiation on water structure provides novel insights that are reshaping our understanding of the electrified interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101701"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring the flatband potential in 2D semiconductors: Pitfalls and a possible SECCM solution","authors":"Ava R. Chard, Justin B. Sambur","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flatband potential (<em>V</em><sub>fb</sub>) is a critical parameter in semiconductor electrochemistry, defining the potential at which no excess charge exists at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. It serves as a key reference for interpreting charge transfer kinetics and current–voltage behavior. However, conventional methods like Mott–Schottky analysis fail for atomically thin 2D materials due to the breakdown of the depletion approximation. This perspective examines the limitations of traditional <em>V</em><sub>fb</sub> measurements for 2D semiconductors and the experimental challenges that arise. To address these issues, we propose using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) to spatially resolve the potential of zero charge (<em>V</em><sub>pzc</sub>), equivalent to <em>V</em><sub>fb</sub>. This approach mitigates sample heterogeneity issues, such as pinholes or multilayer defects, and offers a pathway to more accurate electrochemical characterization. Ultimately, this method will enhance understanding of current–potential behavior in 2D materials, supporting the design of advanced systems for photoelectrocatalysis, energy conversion, and sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101703"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Operando methods for the elucidation of electrolyte effects in electrocatalysis","authors":"Kees E. Kolmeijer, Rik V. Mom","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrolyte pH, ion composition, and solvent are important design parameters in electrocatalytic systems, which directly impact the system’s catalytic activity, selectivity and stability. However, the relationship between the electrolyte composition and electrocatalytic performance is complex, and at present difficult to predict. To elucidate the underlying principles that govern electrolyte effects in electrocatalysis, <em>operando</em> techniques capable of resolving the active site structures at the electrode–electrolyte interface play a crucial role. Here, we review the current capabilities of these <em>operando</em> techniques and analyze how they can be used to find the rules of the game for electrolyte engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101700"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of electrolyte cations on the oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Boqiang Chen, Dunwei Wang, Matthias M. Waegele","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oxidation of water to molecular oxygen, referred to as the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is often the kinetic bottleneck in the formation of renewable fuels. The rate of the OER is strongly dependent on electrolyte properties, such as pH, ionic strength, and the identities of anions and cations. To advance OER catalysis, it is essential to understand the mechanisms by which the electrolyte influences the rate of the OER. In this article, we discuss recent work concerned with the effects of electrolyte cations on the OER. We examine how cations modulate apparent Arrhenius parameters, their effects on the interfacial water structure, their direct interactions with intermediates, and how they alter the rate through non-kinetic effects. The survey reveals that cations can influence the OER through a diversity of mechanisms and that their effects strongly depend on catalyst composition and reaction conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101697"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3D-printed thermoplastic sensors for electrochemical biosensing","authors":"Christos Kokkinos","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the importance of electrochemical sensors in diagnostics is well established—offering rapid and selective biomarker determinations in complex matrices—there is a continuous request for simpler, more cost-effective and sustainable sensor fabrication procedures. 3D-printing technologies, particularly fused deposition modeling (FDM), allow for the digital, rapid, and labor-free fabrication of disposable (bio)sensors, while also enabling the printing of fully integrated, miniaturized plastic devices within points-of-need settings. This review highlights recent trends in the development of 3D-printed thermoplastic (bio)sensors and mini devices that utilize bioelements and artificial biomimetic materials for biomolecules monitoring. Additionally, it provides an overview of the synthesis of tailor-made 3D printable conductive filaments incorporating biofunctional materials, from which ready-to-use sensors are fabricated for direct biosensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101699"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cation effects in electrochemical CO2 reduction","authors":"Adnan Ozden , Yanwei Lum","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction (CO<sub>2</sub>R) provides a pathway toward the sustainable production of chemicals. Recent catalyst- and system-level innovations have enabled electrosynthesis of multi-carbon products at practical productivities (>200 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) and single-pass CO<sub>2</sub> conversion efficiencies (>80 %). However, practical CO<sub>2</sub>R requires high single product selectivity (>85 %) without compromising readily-achieved metrics. Coupling these metrics in a single system warrants clear understanding of the electrical double layer at the catalyst–electrolyte interface. Combining selective catalysts with cation effects can effectively tune CO<sub>2</sub>R kinetics at the catalyst–electrolyte interface. Here we overview recent progress and current understanding on the sophisticated nature of the cation effects and underscore critical parameters that influence cation distributions in the electrical double layer. We highlight the emerging characterization and computational approaches to elucidate cation effects on CO<sub>2</sub>R. Finally, we emphasize research directions through which cation effects could be coupled with other micro-reaction environment tuning strategies for further selectivity and efficiency improvements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101698"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanoconfined constructs for electrochemical aptamer-based in vivo biosensing","authors":"Grayson F. Huldin , Junming Huang , Kaiyu X. Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the last two decades, electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensors have grown rapidly due to their high sensitivity, good selectivity, excellent biocompatibility, and flexible architectures among the wide range of biosensing platforms. Yet, achieving continuous, long-term, and <em>in vivo</em> monitoring remains challenging due to obstacles like device miniaturization, signal amplification, and sensor stability. To tackle these hurdles, researchers are leveraging nanostructured electrodes, leading to new EAB designs with improved <em>in vivo</em> biosensing performance. This opinion provides a brief overview of the development and latest progress in nanoconfined constructs for EAB <em>in vivo</em> biosensing. We illustrate fundamental sensing principles, the various nanostructures being explored, and their respective advantages. These nanostructured EABs hold promise for applications spanning disease diagnostics, environmental surveillance, and food safety management. Finally, we address the persistent challenges EABs face and discuss potential future directions, offering insights into how these sensors can continue to evolve and foster more effective healthcare technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101695"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expanding our view on active sites in electrocatalysis","authors":"Ana M. Gómez–Marín , Katrin F. Domke","doi":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At the heart of electrocatalyst design and development lies the concept of active sites that are usually identified as those sites for adsorption where the conversion of interest occurs. However, electrochemical interfaces are complex systems where the exact structure and dynamics of interfacial species during a reaction greatly depend on the local reactive microenvironment, including co-adsorbates and solvent molecules, that may include structural transformations upon adsorption, the charge-transfer dynamics, and/or the <em>x,y</em> charge-induced electric field distribution. We review the concept of active sites in electrocatalysis within these lines in light of recent studies that point out the necessity to expand the still widely spread idea of quasi-static atomic-scale sites toward the picture of a dynamically reactive microenvironment: the active site can extend over several tens on nanometers due to surface structural transformations during the reaction, includes interdependent components such as electrode and electrolyte as well as target reactant geometric and electronic structures, and often spontaneously rearranges <em>during</em> the electrocatalytic reaction. Thus, to define optimal reactions conditions, the reactive microenvironment as a whole needs to be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11028,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Electrochemistry","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101692"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}