Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Isotretinoin increases non-insulin-based surrogate markers of insulin resistance in acne vulgaris patients.","authors":"Kadir Kaya, Özlem Gevher","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2424937","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2424937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lipid indices, particularly the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, are simple, reliable, non-insulin-based surrogate markers of insulin resistance that have recently gained prominence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of isotretinoin treatment on surrogate markers of insulin resistance, in particular the TyG index, in patients with acne vulgaris (AV).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study reviewed the records of 200 patients who received isotretinoin treatment for acne vulgaris at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology between September 2023 and March 2024. Serum fasting glucose, fasting lipid profile [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] and other biochemical parameters were recorded. Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index value was calculated with the formula Ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Pre-treatment values were compared with values after 5 months of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TyG index and TG/HDL, TC/HDL, and LDL/HDL ratios all increased statistically significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was found between pre- and post-treatment TyG index values and pre- and post-treatment TC/HDL, LDL/HDL and TG/HDL ratio values (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Among lipid measurements, triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL-C, LDL-C increased statistically significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while HDL-C decreased statistically significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study suggest that isotretinoin treatment may increase insulin resistance in AV patients by increasing surrogate biomarkers of insulin resistance. We also suggest that the TyG index and other lipid indices can be used in treatment follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"410-415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the concentration dependent dual effects of <i>β-Glucan</i> on cancerous skin cells and mitochondria isolated from melanoma-induced animal model.","authors":"Yalda Arast, Hanife Esfandiari, Farzane Kamranfar, Zahra Mousavi, Mahdieh Ameri Shah Reza, Jalal Pourahmad","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2410355","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2410355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Melanoma is still one of the deadliest cancers whose prevalence has increased in recent decades. Today, many polysaccharides and their bioactive compounds have been of special importance in modern biotechnology. They have various biological and therapeutic properties. they can regulate and strengthen the immune system, lower blood pressure and cholesterol, and reduce bacterial and viral infections. According to studies, these compounds also have antitumor properties. we investigated the cytotoxic effects of <i>β-Glucan</i> obtained from solid-state fermentation (SSF) of edible medicinal mushroom <i>Lentinus edodes</i> on cancerous skin cells.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The mitochondria were isolated from melanoma cells via differential centrifugation and treated with various concentrations (30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 240 µg/ml) of <i>β-Glucan</i> extract. Then, they were subjected to MTT, ROS, MMP decline, mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, and flow cytometry assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the MTT assay showed that IC50 of <i>β-Glucan</i> extract was 60 μg/ml, and it induced a selectively significant (P < 0.05) concentration-dependent decrease in the SDH activity in cancerous skin mitochondria. At higher concentrations, no such effect was observed. The ROS results also showed that 30, 45, and 60 µg/ml concentrations of <i>β-Glucan</i> extract significantly increased ROS. However, no such effect was observed at higher concentrations. MMP decline and the release of cytochrome c in cancer groups mitochondria and swelling were significantly increased at 30, 45, and 60 µg/ml compared to the control group. At higher concentrations, no such effect was observed. <i>β-Glucan</i> extract at 60 µg/ml concentration increased apoptosis on melanoma cells, while it had no effect on control non-tumour cells.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Based on these results, <i>β-Glucan</i> extract at 30, 45, and 60 µg/ml showed a cytotoxic effect, while no such effect was observed at higher concentrations. Overall, it seems that <i>β-Glucan</i> has antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects on cancer cells at higher concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"347-355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of oral isotretinoin on the inflammatory markers: can lymphocyte/HDL-C and platelet/HDL-C ratios be new indicators of inflammation in acne vulgaris patients?","authors":"Özge Zorlu, Hülya Albayrak, Sema Aytekin","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2423257","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2423257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The effect of isotretinoin on inflammatory markers has been reported with conflicting results. No studies have been reported on the relationship between isotretinoin and lymphocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] ratio (LHR), neutrophil/HDL-C ratio (NHR), or platelet/HDL-C ratio (PHR) in acne patients.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to investigate how isotretinoin affects the inflammatory markers, including LHR, NHR, and PHR, in acne vulgaris patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 361 patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris who received systemic isotretinoin for at least six months were included. Complete blood count and biochemical analyses, including monocyte/HDL-C ratio (MHR), NHR, LHR, PHR, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), obtained at the treatment onset and the end of the first, third, and sixth months of treatment were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in MHR and NHR levels between repeated measures. A significant increasing trend was seen in LHR and PHR (<i>P</i> = 0.001 and <i>P</i> = 0.011, respectively). HDL-C levels gradually and significantly declined during the six months (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Serum NLR, derived NLR, SII, SIRI, MLR, and AISI showed a significant decrease in line with clinical improvement in acne during the six months of therapy (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Declining levels of NLR, MLR, SII, SIRI, and AISI may indicate the anti-inflammatory effects of isotretinoin on the pilosebaceous unit, whereas increasing levels of LHR and PHR may show systemic inflammatory activity of isotretinoin.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"383-389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects on corneal endothelium of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs.","authors":"Mariaelena Malvasi, Antonella Calandri, Elena Pacella, Enzo Maria Vingolo","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2422914","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2422914","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;Intravitreal drug administration has become the gold standard for the treatment of many retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). The frequency of this procedure has increased significantly after the introduction of anti-VEGF drugs, since the rise in the average age of the population, which is closely correlated with these diseases. In order to ensure therapeutic success in these patients with chronic retinal diseases, intravitreal treatment with anti-VEGF requires a long-term maintenance regimen with repeated administrations. For this reason today, we must consider the risks linked to complications associated with the long-term application of this therapy. Our study aims to investigate whether the intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF may lead to damage to the corneal endothelium, either directly through the administration procedure or indirectly due to the drug's toxicity. We aimed to establish a clear correlation between intravitreal drug administration and a statistically significant reduction in corneal endothelial cell count in the treated eye when compared to the untreated eye. The study also sought to assess whether different toxicities might be present between different types of drugs belonging to the same anti-VEGF family.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The study was conducted by examining a cohort of 133 patients suffering from different diseases: AMD, EMD and RVO. All patients underwent measurement of the endothelial count with CellChek&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; 20, considering the value measured at the first injection as time zero and reassessed at each subsequent treatment session. The measurement of the endothelial count was performed both on the eye under treatment (TE) and in the eye not undergoing intravitreal injection (NTE) with anti-VEGF drugs for each injection cycle. Different anti-VEGF drugs such as Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, Brolucizumab were used for intravitreal therapy. The test patients were included in a 12-month follow-up programme, in which the measurement intervals are dictated by the treatment plan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The statistical analysis performed on the corneal endothelial cell counts showed that the ECD (endothelial cell density) parameter decreases with each administration of the drug. The analysis of the difference in the mean endothelial cell counts of the TE reveals that the difference in the number of endothelial cells between the first and second counts in TE is 54.00; greater than the difference in the number of cells found in NTE, which was 13.42. Both the difference between the TE and NTE cell counts are statistically significant. In the case of the TE, the &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-value is &lt;0.001, while in the case of the NTE the &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-value is still significant as &lt;0.05. The hypothesis that the different types of anti-VEGF drugs could determine the decrease in endothelial","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"369-382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicotine acute impact on RNFL: a comparative analysis of smoking cessation aids including nicotine gum and electronic cigarettes.","authors":"Mohammed Alhazmi, Wafa Alotaibi","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2408694","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2408694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the immediate impact of nicotine consumption on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thickness in healthy young individuals, comparing nicotine gum and electronic cigarette (vaping) as delivery methods.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty participants underwent RNFL measurements at baseline, 30, and 60 minutes after consuming 4 mg of nicotine, based on product labeling and specifications. Measurements were obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Topcon 3D OCT-1 Maestro System). Nicotine was delivered through either nicotine gum or vaping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both nicotine gum and vaping led to a statistically significant increase in RNFL thickness, with no significant difference between the two methods. The analysis revealed that area, time, and visit factors significantly affected RNFL scores. Stratification by smoking type (tobacco, vaping, dual) demonstrated significant effects for area, time, and visit factors, with an interaction effect among these factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings highlight the acute impact of nicotine intake on RNFL thickness in young healthy smokers. Researchers and clinicians should account for recent nicotine exposure when evaluating RNFL thickness, particularly within the first hour post-smoking. The observed significant effects warrant further research, especially in older or health-compromised populations, to improve clinical protocols and diagnostic evaluations across different demographics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"341-346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the early effects of the first-dose administration of the Sinovac vaccine on the retina, choroid, and optic disc using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography.","authors":"Yelda Yildiz Tasci, Mehmet Icoz, Sule Gokcek Gurturk Icoz, Ozge Saritas, Mucella Arikan Yorgun, Yasin Toklu","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2408683","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2408683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the effects of the first-dose administration of the Sinovac vaccine on the retina, choroid, and optic disc in healthy participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective design study was conducted with 27 healthy healthcare workers who received the first dose of Sinovac vaccine and 25 healthy controls who were not vaccinated. In the vaccinated group, ophthalmological examinations and measurements were performed before vaccination and one week and one month after vaccination. Subfoveal, nasal, and temporal choroidal thicknesses (CTs), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and macular thickness (MT) were determined using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography at all visits. Superficial, deep, and peripapillary radial capillary plexus (superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus (DCP), and radial peripapillary capillary, respectively), choriocapillaris vascular density, and foveal avascular zone parameters were measured on optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference was detected between the two groups in terms of the parameters measured by OCT and OCT-A (<i>p</i> > 0.05 for all). The CT values measured in all quadrants were significantly higher at the first week after vaccination (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for all), and they returned to their pre-vaccination values at the first month post-vaccination measurement (<i>p</i> > 0.05 for all). Concerning the RNFL and MT values, there was no significant difference between the pre-vaccination and post-vaccination first-week measurements (<i>p</i> > 0.05 for all), but a statistically significant increase was detected in the post-vaccination first-month MT and RNFL measurements (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for all). Only the decreases in the foveal DCP and choriocapillaris vascular density values were significant at the first week after vaccination (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for all).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The early changes detected after vaccination in this study suggest the possibility that autoimmune, vascular, and inflammatory diseases may simultaneously emerge in the early post-vaccination period or may be triggered after vaccination, or that the vaccine may unmask these diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"328-334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal structural changes in inactive thyroid eye disease: a cross-sectional analysis of the choroidal vascularity index.","authors":"Serhat Ermiş, Ece Özal, Fatma Savur, Murat Karapapak","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2412138","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2412138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we aimed to compare choroidal vascular changes using the Choroidal Vascularity Index (CVI) between patients with inactive Thyroid Eye Disease (iTED) and healthy individuals, and to assess the relationship between CVI and choroidal thickness (CT), smoking history, and clinical parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional observational study, the eyes of 30 patients aged 18 to 45 with iTED were compared with the randomly selected eyes of 35 age and gender-matched healthy control individuals. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were taken from all participants. The images were binarized using the ImageJ software, and the total choroidal area (TCA) and luminal area (LA) were measured. The ratio of the LA to the TCA was used to calculate the CVI. The relationships between these measurement parameters and clinical activity score (CAS), exophthalmometry, smoking status, and other clinical parameters were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the iTED group, CT and CVI values were significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.029). No significant effect of smoking on choroidal parameters was detected in the iTED group. Additionally, there was no statistical correlation between choroidal parameters and either exophthalmometry or CAS (p > 0.05). In the multivariate regression analysis, it was determined that CT showed a significant relationship with thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) (p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found that CT and CVI were increased in the eyes of patients with iTED compared to healthy controls. The history of smoking did not appear to have any effect on CT and CVI in iTED patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"356-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independent risk factor of drug eruption in immune checkpoint inhibitors treated liver cancer patients: high systemic immune-inflammation index.","authors":"Hong Yiyong, Huang Ying, Li Xiaodie, Zhu Lin, Zheng Yue, Gong Zijian","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2387597","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2387597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved the prognosis of liver cancer patients. However, drug eruption associated with ICI monotherapy or combination therapy not only impacts the quality of life and treatment progress of liver cancer patients but also poses a potential threat to their lives. The study aims to investigate the risk factors of drug eruption in liver cancer patients undergoing ICIs in real-world settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected data from liver cancer patients who underwent ICI therapies at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between 2021 and 2022. A propensity score matching (PSM) method was employed to match 31 liver cancer patients with ICI-related drug eruption (drug eruption group) to 228 liver cancer patients without immune-related adverse reactions (control group) in a 1:2 ratio, creating two groups of patients with comparable baseline characteristics. Subsequently, logistic regression analysis was then conducted to analyze the clinical risk factors associated with drug eruption caused by ICIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before PSM, there were statistically significant differences between the drug eruption group (31 cases) and the control group (228 cases) in two variables: Child-Pugh liver function classification and presence of vascular invasion (both <i>p</i> < 0.05). However, after PSM, no statistically significant differences were found in the clinical variables between the drug eruption group (28 cases) and the control group (52 cases). Univariate analysis revealed significantly higher levels of aspartate amino-transferase, alanine aminotransferase, glutamyl transpeptidase, and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and a significantly lower rate of liver cancer resection surgery before immunotherapy in liver cancer patients with drug eruption compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that an elevated SII level before immunotherapy was significantly associated with the occurrence of drug eruption in liver cancer patients treated with ICIs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The predictive performance of SII before immunotherapy in liver cancer patients for ICI-related drug eruption yielded an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.852, with a critical value of 749.189. Sensitivity and specificity were determined as 85.7% and 75%, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated systemic immune-inflammation index is identified as a risk factor for drug eruption occurrence in liver cancer patients treated with ICI therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"258-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of electronic cigarette smoking on retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, and choroidal thickness.","authors":"Dharshini Balasubaramaniam, Yi Wen Lim, Shamala Retnasabapathy, Fazilawati A Qamarruddin, Sujaya Singh","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2423265","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2423265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and choroid in healthy electronic cigarette smokers and non-smokers using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>25 healthy electronic cigarette smokers and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy non-smokers were included in the study. RNFL, GCL, IPL and choroidal thickness were measured by SD-OCT using an automated programme. After normality tests, an independent sample <i>t</i>-test was used to analyse the differences in RNFL, GCL, IPL, and choroidal thickness values between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of electronic cigarette smokers and non-smokers was 33.68 and 33.64 years, respectively. The mean smoking history was 6.6 years (range 5-8 years). Most of the participants smoked 2-5 ml of e-liquid per day (52%), while 36% smoked more than 5 ml and 12% smoked less than 2 ml per day. The mean intraocular pressure in the electronic cigarette smoker group was 15.0 mmHg, while the non-smoker group was 15.32 mmHg. The mean axial length in the electronic cigarette smoker group and non-smoker group was 23.36 and 23.63 mm, respectively. No significant difference was observed regarding RNFL, GCL, IPL or choroidal thickness between both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The thickness of the RNFL, GCL, IPL, and choroid was found to be similar in both the healthy electronic cigarette smokers and non-smokers groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"390-395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective cytotoxicity of standardised n-hexane extract of black soldier flies' larvae on cancerous skin cells mitochondria isolated from rat model of melanoma.","authors":"Yalda Arast, Mahya Sabbaghi, Farzane Kamranfar, Fatemeh Heidari, Seyed Mojtaba Fazli Nejad, Tahereh Hosseinabadi, Jalal Pourahmad","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2389193","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2389193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Melanoma is known as a highly lethal cancer. In melanoma cells, apoptosis signalling which relies heavily on the acute activity of mitochondria and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation is suppressed. Our previous studies on natural compounds on melanoma suggested that mitochondria are a potential target for the melanoma treatment by selective cytotoxic effect of them. The black soldier fly is an important environmental protectant insect that based on recent studies induces apoptosis in liver and colorectal carcinoma cells through the activation of caspase 3, 8, and 9 and ultimately inhibits the growth of cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was designed to evaluate the selective apoptotic effect of the n-hexane BSFL extract (BSFLE) on skin mitochondria.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The mitochondria isolated from melanoma cells were treated with various concentrations (1500, 3000, and 6000 µg/ml) of n-hexane BSFLE Then MTT viability assay, ROS determination, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release determination, and % apoptosis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MTT assay showed that different concentrations of n-hexane BSFLE significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) decreased the SDH activity in cancerous skin mitochondria with the IC50. The ROS production and mitochondrial swelling results also showed that all concentrations of BSFL extracts significantly increased. MMP decline and the release of cytochrome c in cancer groups mitochondria. BSFLE increased apoptosis on melanoma cells.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>It is suggested that n-hexane BSFLE compounds selectively induce a cascade of proapoptotic events that are probably defective in cancer cells. Most of these compounds target the mitochondrial transient pore caused by disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. These events lead to disruption of the temporary permeability of mitochondria, swelling of mitochondria and finally the formation of apoptosome in the cytosol.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"264-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}