Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Applications of heavy metal-based nanoparticles in cosmetics: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Malaika Naveed, Tariq Javed, Muhammad Danish Zawar, Uswa Shafqat, Muhammad Babar Taj, Muhammad Wasim, Maryam Batool, Muhammad Amir Zawar","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2472156","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2472156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The utilisation of heavy metal-based nanoparticles in cosmetic products has been steadily increasing because of their extraordinary physicochemical properties and benefits. In this thorough review, we will delve into the various types of nanoparticles, such as green nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and carbon-based nanoparticles, with a special focus on heavy metal-based nanoparticles. These heavy metal-based nanoparticles exhibit exceptional physical and mechanical properties, making them suitable materials for cosmetic and personal care products. Silver nanoparticles effectively treat acne and have strong antimicrobial properties, while gold nanoparticles have anti-ageing and anti-inflammatory properties. ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles are commonly used in sunscreens as ultraviolet (UV) filters to protect against ultraviolet-A (UVA) and ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation. Certain metals like nickel, chromium, and cobalt are major allergens, frequently causing contact dermatitis and allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Extensive use of materials such as cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic (metalloid) in cosmetics poses long-term health risks, including carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, and organ damage. The utilisation of herbal extracts containing heavy metals in cosmetics further improves the effectiveness of personal care products due to their antioxidant properties. Consumer awareness and regulatory concerns, especially among those with metal allergies, are crucial for understanding the potential risks associated with heavy metal-containing cosmetics. Looking ahead, future research efforts should concentrate on the development of safer, non-toxic, natural nanomaterials and biocompatible alternatives to heavy metal-based nanoparticles.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"95-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of severity in prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy.","authors":"Meryem Altın Ekin, Gul Arıkan, Eren Yagmurlu, Ozlem Ural Fatihoglu, Ali Devebacak, Omer Kartı, Ziya Ayhan, Meltem Soylev Bajin","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2475450","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2475450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the predictive factors for severity in prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP) using an objective grading system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included patients diagnosed with glaucoma or ocular hypertension who had used a topical prostaglandin analog (PGA) unilaterally for at least three months. Clinical characteristics and PAP signs were compared based on the types of PGAs used. The severity of PAP signs was categorised according to an objective grading system. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for different grades of PAP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 86 patients included in the study, 24 (27.9%) used bimatoprost, 35 (40.7%) used latanoprost, and 27 (31.4%) used travoprost. The most commonly observed feature of PAP was orbital fat atrophy (48.8%), followed by deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (38.4%), involution of dermatochalasis (32.6%), and enophthalmos (26.7%). Fifty-eight patients (67.4%) exhibited at least one periorbital change associated with PGA use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age >60 years (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the use of bimatoprost (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and travoprost (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and PGA therapy duration >1 year (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were independent risk factors for higher grades of PAP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Older age, longer duration of PGA therapy, and the use of bimatoprost and travoprost were significant and independent predictors of severe PAP in patients with glaucoma. Patients with these risk factors should be identified and managed to prevent the development of severe PAP.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"126-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of incorporating plant extracts into a commercially available foundation for daily skin use.","authors":"Zhengrui Liao, Shiwen Wen, Lee-Hoon Ho, Thuan-Chew Tan","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2467620","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2467620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined a plant extract (PE) foundation's safety, antioxidant and protective properties. To offer a scientific foundation for the viability of creating 'skincare makeup' and improve the comprehension of cosmetic compositions' efficacy evaluations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cellular assays tested six different concentrations (up to 5%) of the PE for cell viability levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of human immortalised epidermal cells (HaCaTs). The identified non-cytotoxic concentration (0.5% PE) was then tested by gene assays. A commercial foundation containing 0.5% PE (PEF0.5) was tested for safety, skin protective effectiveness, and user satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the control groups, 0.5% PE had a significant inhibitory effect on the expression level of MMP-1 but promoted the expression of COL1A1, COL3A1, ELN, and AQP3. PEF0.5 significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduced wrinkles and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) while improving hydration, glossiness, and elasticity for 14 and 28 days. Interestingly, sebum was reduced by PEF0.5 at 28 days without any negative consequences for 28 days. No significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05) differences were detected in the foundation's effectiveness and usability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Applying PEF0.5 for 28 days may improve the skin barrier function, as indicated by skin TEWL, hydration, wrinkle, elasticity, and sebum content, without any adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"82-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of systemic fingolimod treatment on anterior segment parameters and tear film functions.","authors":"Atike Burcin Tefon Aribas, Semra Mungan, Feyza Dicle Işik, Gokhan Celik, Gonul Vural, Ersin Kasım Ulusoy, Nilay Yuksel","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2432508","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2432508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the potential effects of systemic fingolimod treatment on parameters of the anterior segment of the eye and tear film function tests in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-eight eyes of 24 individuals who were started on systemic fingolimod treatment for relapsing-remitting MS were prospectively enrolled in this study. Patients underwent examinations immediately before initiation of systemic fingolimod treatment, and at the first and sixth months of treatment. Anterior segment parameters were measured using Sirius Topography. The Schirmer-I test and tear break-up time (TBUT) were recorded during follow-up. Retinal thickness was also analyzed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistically significant difference in retinal thickness measurements between follow-up visits. The central corneal thickness, keratometric values, anterior chamber depth, aqueous humor depth, iridocorneal angle, horizontal anterior chamber tilt and anterior chamber volume values remained similar during follow-up. The Schirmer-I test value was 15.10 ± 2.65 mm at the zeroth month and 17.03 ± 3.61 mm at the sixth month (<i>p</i> = 0.044). The mean TBUT was significantly higher at the six-month visit compared to baseline and the one-month visit (<i>p</i>_0-6 < 0.001, <i>p</i>_1-6 < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between baseline and month 1 (<i>p</i>_0-1 = 0.419).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Systemic use of fingolimod may increase Schirmer I test and TBUT values in MS patients without altering other anterior segment parameters within 6 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"50-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human relevance of in vivo and in vitro skin irritation tests for hazard classification of pesticides.","authors":"Hans A Raabe, Gertrude-Emilia Costin, David G Allen, Anna Lowit, Marco Corvaro, Lindsay O'Dell, Julie Breeden-Alemi, Kathryn Page, Monique Perron, Tara Flint Silva, Walter Westerink, Elizabeth Baker, Kristie Sullivan","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2387596","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2387596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Test methods to inform hazard characterization and labeling of pesticides to protect human health are typically conducted using laboratory animals, and for skin irritation/corrosion the rabbit Draize test is currently required by many regulatory agencies. Although the Draize test is generally regarded to provide protective classifications for human health, new approach methodologies (NAMs) have been developed that offer more human relevant models that circumvent the uncertainty associated with species differences that exist between rabbits and humans. Despite wide applicability and use of these test methods across a broad range of chemicals, they have not been widely adopted for testing pesticides and pesticidal formulations. One of the barriers to adoption of these methods in this sector is low concordance with results from the Draize rabbit test, particularly for chemicals within the mild to moderate irritation spectrum.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> This review compares and contrasts the extent to which available models used in skin irritation testing mimic the anatomy and physiology of human skin, and how each aligns with the known key events leading to chemically-induced adverse skin irritation and corrosion. Doing so fully characterizes the human relevance of each method.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> As alternatives to the rabbit Draize test, several protocols using <i>ex vivo, in chemico</i>, and <i>in vitro</i> skin models are available as internationally harmonized test guidelines. These methods rely on a variety of models of human skin, including excised rodent skin, synthetic biochemical models of barrier function, cell culture systems, and reconstructed human tissue models. We find these models exhibit biological and mechanistic relevance aligned with human skin irritation responses. Further, recent retrospective analyses have shown that the reproducibility of the Draize test is less than 50% for mild and moderate responses, with many of the replicate predictions spanning more than one category (<i>e.g.</i>, a moderate response reported in one study followed by a non-irritant response reported in another study).</p><p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Based on this comparative evaluation, we recommend top-down and bottom-up testing strategies that use the most human relevant <i>in vitro</i> test methods for skin irritation and corrosion classification of pesticides and pesticide formulations. To further discriminate among mild and non-irritant formulations, optimization of a cytokine release protocol and subsequent analyses of reference formulation test results is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11847949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of HBV reactivation in psoriasis vulgaris patients receiving biological agent therapy.","authors":"Ayşegül Tel Kankılıç, Ömer Karakoyun, Erhan Ayhan","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2475444","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2475444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recently, adalimumab has become an important drug frequently used by dermatologists in the treatment of Hidradenitis suppurativa. While there are many publications by rheumatologists about the risk of hepatitis B and tuberculosis reactivation, the literature on reactivation in the treatment of hidradenitis is not extensive. With this study, we wanted to emphasize that adalimumab is a safe drug despite the risk of hepatitis B and tuberculosis reactivation and the importance of porphylaxis during the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, data from 462 HS patients followed up at the Dicle University Dermatology Clinic between 1 January 2017 and 30 June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Adalimumab use was detected in 56 of the 462 patients. Patients over 18 years of age and used adalimumab for at least 6 months were selected for this study. Two of these patients were not included in the study because they did not meet the criteria for age and duration of adalimumab use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 12 patients at risk of hepatitis B reactivation during adalimumab treatment, 8 received entecavir, and 4 received tenofovir prophylaxis. No hepatitis B reactivation was observed in any of the 12 patients during adalimumab treatment. Among the 54 patients, 4 were at risk of TB reactivation, and 4 received isoniazid as preophylactic treatment. None of the 4 patients were observed to have TB reactivation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adalimumab has become a frequently preferred drug in the treatment of hidradenitis, and it is known that there is a risk of hepatitis b and TBc reactivation, which should be prevented. Despite these risks, we found that adalimumab can be safely used to treat hidradenitis suppurativa, especially with the use of prophylaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"113-117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in prostaglandin-associated periorbital syndrome: a self-controlled and prospective study.","authors":"Wenman Li, Xiaoming Chen, Sijie Chen, Zhiqing Lv, Jing Tang, Ni Li","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2431570","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2431570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of objective and subjective indicators of the prostaglandin-associated periorbital syndrome (PAPS) after continuous instillation of topical prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) in primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A self-controlled and prospective study of PGA instillation was performed in patients (<i>n</i> = 55) with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Bilateral instillation of bimatoprost, travoprost, latanoprost, or tafluprost was conducted (treatment, 3-6 months). The objective indicators recorded included interpupillary distance (IPD) and exophthalmos; subjective indicators were assessed via colour pictures of the periocular area. Data from before the administration of medication served as controls. Posttreatment changes in IPD, exophthalmos, deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus, periorbital hyperpigmentation and eyelash growth were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with those before treatment, the interpupillary distance (IPD) differed from the baseline value at 1 month after treatment (<i>P</i> < 0.0001), and the exophthalmos only significantly differed from the baseline value at month 3 (<i>P</i> = 0.0005). Visible periorbital changes at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment were assessed, and the incidence of eyelash growth and thickening was 7.27%, 45.45% and 66.67%, respectively. The incidence of periorbital hyperpigmentation was 7.2%, 18.18% and 33.33%, respectively. The incidence of upper-eyelid sulcus deepening was 3.64%, 7.27% and 16.27%, respectively. Bimatoprost had the highest incidence of PAPS, followed by travoprost and tafluprost, and latanoprost had the lowest incidence after three months of treatment in the between-group comparison.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As an objective index to evaluate PAPS, the change of IPD was more obvious than the exophthalmos. Visible periorbital changes gradually appeared after three months of medication. Bimatoprost caused the most severe PAPS, and latanoprost caused the least severe PAPS.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was registered at www.chictr.org.cn on 15 April 2021, under the identifier ChiCTR2100045465.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoprotective effects of quercetin on photoaging-induced rats.","authors":"Betul Kizilkan, Betul Sereflican, Ayhan Cetinkaya, Selma Erdogan Duzcu, Cevher Altug, Jehat Kizilkan","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2442584","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2442584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Photoaging is characterised by cutaneous changes caused by exposure to ultraviolet light over time. Quercetin is a bioflavanoid with antioxidant, antineoplastic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of topical quercetin on photoaging, a phenomenon not previously studied in ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced photoaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 40 rats were randomly categorised into 5 groups, each comprising 8 rats. A photoaging model was induced by applying UVA to the dorsal region of all rats, except for the negative control group. Topical 0.1% retinoic acid was applied to one UVA group, topical 0.3% quercetin to another UVA group, and both agents were applied in combination to yet another UVA group 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Subsequently, wrinkle values were measured, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) levels were analysed, and histopathological parameters were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The wrinkle value of the UVA group was found to be significantly higher than that of the UVA + Quercetin group. Collagen damage was lower in the UVA + Quercetin group than in the UVA group, although this difference was not statistically significant. Compared with the UVA + Retinoic Acid group, the UVA + Quercetin group exhibited a more significant decrease in inflammation. MMP-1 values were considerably higher in the UVA + Retinoic Acid and UVA + Quercetin + Retinoic Acid groups as well as in the UVA + Quercetin group compared with the control and UVA groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study showed that quercetin can be utilised in the treatment of photoaging, especially when combined with retinoic acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"63-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accommodation amplitude change after cosmetic use of the botulinum toxin in the upper face.","authors":"Nur Demir, Hasine Gozde Dalkılıc, Tugba Falay Gur, Belma Kayhan, Sukru Sevincli, Burce Can Kuru, Murat Sonmez","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2478416","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2478416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cosmetic botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections are increasing worldwide. Adverse effects need to be evaluated in more detail for BoNT-A regulations. This study aims to assess the anticholinergic effect of BoNT-A on accommodation amplitude (AA) after upper face application.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty patients aged between 20 and 45 years were recruited in this prospective, interventional study. Abobotulinum toxin A of 500 units was diluted with 3 ml saline and injected into the forehead, glabellar and periorbital area. AA was measured with both the push-up and minus-lens techniques before and after two weeks of the injections. T-test for normally distributed variables was applied for the comparison of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study group comprised 18 women and 2 men with a mean age of 33.9 ± 8.59. AA decreased significantly after two weeks of the injection. In the push-up test, AA was 9.18 ± 4.72 D before BoNT-A injection and decreased to 7.11 ± 3.02 D after the injection (p < 0.001). In the minus lens test, AA reduced from 5.86 ± 2.24 D to 5.24 ± 2.06 D after BoNT-A injection (p < 0.001). Refraction did not change in any of the participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study showed that cosmetic upper face BoNT-A injections reduced AA. However, this reduction did not result in any significant symptomatic effects in the patients. These findings suggest that while BoNT-A injection has a measurable impact on the ciliary muscle or its parasympathetic innervation, it may not lead to noticeable clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"135-139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of mercury contamination in lipstick sold in the Saudi market and the potential health risk.","authors":"Mashael M Albugami, Ayah Buzid, Faheem Shah, Amel Y Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2391855","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2391855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Environmental contamination is a significant global health issue, with cosmetics and pharmaceuticals being major polluters. High concentrations of heavy metals, such as Hg, have been found to have toxic effects and may pose a threat to human health. This study aimed to determine the concentration of mercury (Hg) in lipsticks available in the Saudi Arabia market.</p><p><p><b>Methods</b>: In this study, 12 lipstick samples from three colors were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to measure the content of Hg.</p><p><p><b>Results</b>: The concentration range of Hg was 0.004-0.296 ppm. Moreover, the systemic exposure dosage of mercury in the lipstick samples examined in this study ranged from 5.01 × 10^-8 to 1.43 × 10^-6 μg/kg bw/day, while the range of the margin of safety was from 7.3 × 10⁹ to 2.2 × 10⁸.</p><p><p><b>Discussion</b>: The Hg concentration in all analyzed samples was less than 0.50 and 1 ppm, which indicated that the Hg level was within acceptable limits according to Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organisation (SASO) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), respectively. On the other hand, the calculated margin of safety values for mercury exceeded the safe standard established by the WHO. The results derived from using hazard quotient (HQ) indices depict the potential carcinogenic health risk posed to consumers who employ red-colored lipsticks.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"272-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}