Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"The effect of systemic doxycycline treatment on hematological inflammatory parameters in patients with acne vulgaris.","authors":"Mehmet Semih Celik, Candan Celik","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2511725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2511725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Due to its anti-inflammatory effects, doxycycline is widely used in the treatment of various dermatological diseases. Recent studies have indicated that doxycycline may influence hematological parameters by suppressing the inflammatory response. This study aimed to evaluate changes in hematological inflammatory parameters (NLR, PLR, MLR, MPV, and SII) in patients undergoing doxycycline treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 72 patients who were prescribed doxycycline treatment. The severity of acne was assessed using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). Hematological parameters (NLR, PLR, MLR, MPV, and SII) were recorded and analyzed at baseline (month 0), during treatment (month 1), and at the second month of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant decrease in NLR, PLR, and SII values was observed during doxycycline treatment. The initial NLR value was 2.24 ± 1.69, which decreased significantly to 1.59 ± 0.575 in the second month (<i>p</i> = 0.002). The initial SII value was 640 ± 593, which also decreased significantly to 432 ± 277 in the second month (<i>p</i> = 0.004). The initial Global Acne Grading Score (GAGS) was 26.3 ± 5.40, decreasing significantly to 21.9 ± 5.78 by the second month (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Additionally, NLR, PLR, and SII values showed a significant positive correlation with the Global Acne Grading Score (GAGS) both at baseline (month 0) and after treatment (month 2). NLR exhibited the strongest relationship with GAGS (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that doxycycline treatment significantly reduces inflammatory response markers, including NLR, PLR, and SII. The significant decrease in GAGS scores, along with NLR, PLR, and SII, confirms the inflammatory role of these markers. Further large-scale, controlled studies are needed to better understand the systemic anti-inflammatory effects of doxycycline.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2510038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2510038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal changes in choroidal thickness and choroidal vascularity index in myopic children treated with 0.01% and 0.05% atropine eye drops every other day: one-year results.","authors":"Betul Onal Gunay, Furkan Kirik, Sibel Coskun Akdemir, Cenap Mahmut Esenulku","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2507867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2507867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effect of two different concentrations of atropine eye drops on choroidal thickness (ChT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in a Caucasian child population after one year of treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical records of patients who received atropine eye drops every other day (0.01% and 0.05%) due to myopia progression were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data and ocular biometry were recorded. The ChT (subfoveal, 1000 µm nasal, and 1000 µm temporal) was measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), and CVI were assessed with ImageJ software. Comparisons were made between baseline and 1-year data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-eight eyes of 34 (25 female, 73.5%) patients were included in the study. The spherical equivalent was significantly increased, whereas axial length and anterior chamber depth changes were not significant. Baseline to one-year changes in ChT, TCA, LA, SA, and CVI were not statistically significant both in all eyes and in 0.01% and 0.05% groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Atropine eye drops used at 0.01% and 0.05% doses every other day did not cause a statistically significant change in ChT, TCA, LA, SA, and CVI at the end of 1 year.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green approach for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their enhanced sun protection factor in the presence of octocrylene.","authors":"M Pasupathi, S Moscow, B Natarajan, T Kumar","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2502422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2502422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/purpose: </strong>This research project aims to create and test an eco-friendly method for producing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using herbal extracts. The goal is to study how these nanoparticles can boost the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of sunscreens when used along with the synthetic UV filter octocrylene.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To make the ZnO NPs extracts from green tea, Bhringraj, Licorice and Cinnamon were used. These nanoparticles were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Sunscreen compositions were formulated as oil in water emulsions with or without octocrylene incorporating the ZnO NPs. Stability tests were carried out to monitor pH levels, colour and viscosity over the eight weeks at 45°C. The Sun Protection Factor study was done in vitro using a UV spectrophotometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that formulations containing both ZnO NPs and octocrylene had SPF levels compared to using octocrylene or ZnO NPs alone. Around 1.4 to 1.65 times higher than octocrylene alone and 3.7 to 4.5 times higher than ZnO NPs alone. The stability study demonstrated changes in pH, viscosity and colour during storage. Conclusion: In conclusion eco-friendly production of ZnO NPs utilizing herbal extracts presents a sustainable alternative to traditional methods. When combined with octocrylene these nanoparticles significantly enhance the SPF of products.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion eco-friendly production of ZnO NPs utilizing herbal extracts presents a sustainable alternative to traditional methods. When combined with octocrylene these nanoparticles significantly enhance the SPF of products.This study introduces an eco-friendly approach, to creating high SPF sunscreens focusing on sustainability and addressing safety and environmental issues in sun care products. The rising demand for sunscreens has triggered the exploration of innovative methods for producing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) that go beyond traditional chemical processes. The research exhibits a synthesis method for ZnO NPs using herbal extracts from green tea leaves, Bhringraj leaves, Liquorice roots and Cinnamon bark avoiding the use of harmful precursors. The results display dispersed ZnO NPs with an average size of 100 nm. Furthermore, the study investigates how these green synthesized ZnO NPs interact with the synthetic UV filter octocrylene to potentially enhance SPF in sunscreen formulations. By combining these components, the study shows an increase in SPF compared to using them individually.This study adds to the knowledge of how green synthesized ZnO NPs enhance efficacy of sunscreen products. This study also introduces an innovative approach, for creating eco-friendly effective sunscreens that could revolutionize sun protection methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defined approaches to predict GHS and EPA classifications for ocular irritation potential of agrochemical formulations.","authors":"Amber B Daniel, Anna J van der Zalm, Hans A Raabe, Amy J Clippinger, Neepa Y Choksi, Emily N Reinke, David G Allen, Nicole C Kleinstreuer","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2499552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2499552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Regulations require that agrochemicals be labeled to indicate potential harmful effects caused by exposure. The in vivo Draize rabbit eye test has historically been the standard method used to assess the eye irritation or corrosion potential of chemical substances. However, as scientific confidence has been established for certain in chemico, in vitro, and ex vivo methods developed for this purpose, regulators are increasingly accepting data from such methods in lieu of the in vivo test. Defined approaches (DAs) may also be used to derive hazard and potency predictions by applying fixed data interpretation procedures to results from multiple methods, thereby leveraging strengths of different methods. Currently, the DAs accepted by regulators to predict eye irritation or corrosion potential do not specifically list agrochemical formulations within their applicability domains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this gap, we conducted testing to confirm the applicability of in vitro methods to agrochemical formulations and to develop DAs to predict eye irritation hazard labeling according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling (GHS) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classification system. Twenty-nine formulations were tested in up to four methods: bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP; OECD TG 437) including histopathology, EpiOcular Eye Irritation Test (EO; OECD TG 492), SkinEthic time-to-toxicity for liquids (TTL; OECD TG 492B), and EyeIRR-IS. We propose four DAs comprising BCOP with histopathology alone, and combined with EO, TTL, or EyeIRR-IS.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>Instead of evaluating direct concordance of the four individual DAs with historical in vivo rabbit eye test data, for each formulation, we assessed orthogonal concordance of GHS and EPA classifications predicted across all five approaches. Predictions were considered orthogonally concordant when they aligned with the prediction of at least two other approaches (i.e. a majority, or at least 3 of the 5 approaches, achieved the same prediction), referred to as the 'majority prediction.' We also evaluated hazard labeling and PPE labeling associated with the GHS and EPA predictions, respectively. Relative to the hazard and PPE labeling associated with the majority predictions, each of the four DAs were as, or more, protective of human health than the rabbit test; hence, we conclude that these DAs can be used to predict the GHS and EPA classifications of agrochemical formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effect of systemic use of glatiramer acetate in imiquimod-induced mouse psoriasis model.","authors":"Goknur Demiran, Rukiye Yasak Guner, Mustafa Ozkara, Mustafa Tosun, Melih Akyol","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2496638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2496638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of systemic glatiramer acetate (GA), a drug used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model, given the common immunopathogenic mechanisms between the two diseases.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty-four adult female BALB/c mice (16-18 weeks old) were divided into nine groups (6 mice each). A psoriasis-like model was induced in eight groups by application of 5% imiquimod cream for seven days. Systemic treatments included methotrexate (2 mg/kg/week), saline (1 mL/kg/day) and GA at doses ranging from 50 to 100 mcg, administered subcutaneously either during or after the induction phase. Clinical severity was assessed using the modified Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (mPASI), while histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess inflammation and cytokine expression, focusing on TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest mPASI scores were observed in the untreated psoriasis group, whereas the healthy control and mice treated with 50 mcg GA, especially after induction, showed the lowest scores. Statistically significant improvements in histopathological scores were observed (p < 0.05). GA treatment at 50 mcg resulted in the most favourable cytokine profile, with TNF-α and IL-17 levels comparable to the healthy group and a similar trend observed for IL-1β expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among the doses tested, 50 mcg GA administered after model induction was the most effective in reducing clinical severity and inflammatory cytokine expression. These findings suggest that GA is a promising systemic therapeutic agent for psoriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro assessment of portable, domestic UV-C disinfection devices' effects on skin fibroblasts.","authors":"Eleni Kardamila, Chara Almpani, Andreas Vitsos, Dimitra Ieronymaki, Aspasia Petri, Michail Ch Rallis","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2502426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2502426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Portable UV-C disinfection devices for domestic use have been widely commercially available since COVID-19 pandemic. Concerns regarding their safety have been expressed, while there is a lack of actual data regarding the health effects of commercial hand-held UV-C disinfection devices. Herein, the acute effects of two commercial UV-C devices for domestic disinfection are evaluated in vitro, under realistic exposure conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Skin cells were exposed to an LP-Hg wand and an LED disinfection device for 10s, 30s, 5, 10 and 15 min. The devices measured the erythema effective irradiance was 5 W m^-2. Cellular viability, oxidative stress, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation were evaluated right after irradiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A dose-dependent cellular viability decrease and oxidative stress, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation increase were demonstrated, while the LP-Hg wand seemed to induce more severe effects than the LED. Lipid peroxidation has been shown to be the dominant photooxidation mechanism, even at a sublethal radiant exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results provide evidence regarding the cutaneous photodamaging effects of commercially available UV-C disinfection devices for domestic use at the cellular level, contributing to the UV-C disinfection devices' risk management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of oral supplementation of carvacrol on autophagy and epithelial to mesenchymal transition regulation in UV-induced skin damage.","authors":"Ozge Alvur, Halil Ozkol, Fikret Altındag, Hatice Uce Ozkol, Gulsah Evyapan, Sakine Akar","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2496636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2496636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The skin is the biggest organ of the body being most exposed to UV radiation (UVR). Many skin diseases may develop due to UV exposure. Thus, it is extremely important to reveal molecules that can prevent these diseases.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>Carvacrol (CVC), a liquid phenolic monoterpenoid is found in thyme and some plants related to thyme. In our study, for the first time in the literature we aimed to determine the effects of CVC on autophagy and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) mechanisms in skin damage of rats exposed to combined UVA and UVB radiation. For this purpose, twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups: I (Control), II (CVC alone), III (UVA + UVB), IV (UVA + UVB + CVC). While UVA + UVB was applied without any treatment in Group III, this application was performed with CVC support in Group IV. As for the animals in Group II, only carvacrol was given. On the 30th day of the trial, expression of certain genes playing a role in autophagy and EMT pathways were evaluated at mRNA and protein level by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining in the shaved back skin tissues of rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on our results, it can be concluded that CVC may prevent autophagic cell death by suppressing autophagy and it might support the wound healing process by inducing EMT in UV-induced skin damage. The molecular mechanisms of the effect of CVC on autophagy and EMT mechanisms should be clarified in further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LncRNA SNHG1/miR-320b/CTNNB1 axis regulating the collective migration of fibroblasts in the formation of keloid.","authors":"Qiaoling Li, Bowei Zhang, Jie Lu, Anqi Li, Qingbiao Wa","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2496634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2496634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To explore the regulatory molecular mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) expression on keloid formation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression differences of SNHG1, miR-320b, and Catenin Beta 1 (CTNNB1) in keloid tissue and normal skin tissue of patients with keloid were detected. Normal cultured human fibroblasts were used as the Blank group (Blank) and then transfected with si-SNHG1 to silence SNHG1 expression. MTT assay, Transwell chamber assay, RT-qPCR, and Western blot (WB) were used. SNHG1 and miR-320b, as well as miR-320b and CTNNB1, were found to be targeted using the dual luciferase reporter gene (DLRG) strategy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As against normal skin tissue, SNHG1 and CTNNB1 were increased, while miR-320b was decreased in keloid tissue (<i>P <</i> 0.05). As against the Blank, there was a drop in the number of transferring and attacking cells, a decrease in the proliferative activity, an increase in the expression of miR-320b, a decrease in CTNNB1, and the relative expression (RE) of Pro-Collagen I, Cyclin D1, VEGF, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 was decreased in the si-SNHG1 group (AG) (<i>P <</i> 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SNHG1 could target and regulate miR-320b, and miR-320b could target and regulate CTNNB1. Fibroblast transfer, attack, and multiplication may all be prevented by reducing SNHG1 expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of chitligsan nanosuspension gel and spray for enhancing full-thickness wound healing in a rat model.","authors":"Taner Arslan, Sıtkıcan Okur, Esra Modoğlu, Ayşe Gölgeli Bedir, Emrah Özakar, Serkan Yıldırım, İsmail Bolat, Yasemin Akçora","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2496639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2496639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> This study explores the wound healing potential of Chitligsan (CHG), a novel formulation derived from the enzymatic and fossil-based components of Sahara soil, in nanosuspension-based gel and spray forms. Using a full-thickness wound model in Wistar rats, CHG's efficacy was compared with saline (control) and terramycin treatments.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> A total of 48 rats were divided into four groups: Control (saline), Spray (CHG spray), Gel (CHG gel), and Terramycin pomad. Wound areas were measured at days 3, 7, 14, and 21.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> By day 21, CHG spray reduced wound size to 0.08 ± 0.01 cm², while the gel achieved 0.09 ± 0.01 cm², outperforming both control (0.34 ± 0.02 cm²) and terramycin (0.14 ± 0.05 cm², <i>p</i> < 0.05). Histopathological analysis demonstrated superior epithelial regeneration, dense collagenization, and minimal inflammation in CHG-treated groups compared to others. The nanoscale size of CHG particles (89.6 ± 0.26 nm) and their stable zeta potential (-26.1 ± 1.5 mV) contributed to enhanced bioavailability and wound healing efficiency. Morphological and FTIR analyses confirmed the stability and compatibility of the nanosuspension.</p><p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> This study highlights CHG's potential as a biocompatible and effective wound care solution, offering significant advantages in granulation tissue formation and keratinization compared to conventional treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}