Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Teledermatology in cutaneous tumors: diagnostic accuracy, influencing factors, and the role of dermatoscopy.","authors":"Esranur Ünal, Muhammed Burak Yücel, Saadet Nurşah Gedikli, Kübra Gündüz, Bengü Çevirgen Cemil, Özlem Su Küçük, Ragıp Ertaş, Bengü Nisa Akay, Sinem Örnek Özdemir","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2554785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2554785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Teledermatology, which utilizes communication technologies to remotely assess skin lesions, has become a vital tool in healthcare. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of teledermatology versus face-to-face examination and explore factors influencing accuracy, such as teledermatoscopy use, dermatoscopy type, and clinical experience.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-seven cutaneous tumors were evaluated using handheld or digital dermatoscopy in face-to-face examinations, and preliminary diagnoses were recorded. A definitive diagnosis was established through histopathological examination, which served as the reference standard. Macro and dermatoscopic images were then sent to six teledermatologists for remote diagnosis, and findings were analyzed statistically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The preliminary diagnosis matched the histopathological diagnosis in 84.2% of face-to-face cases. Teledermatologists achieved 63.7% accuracy with macro images alone, increasing to 70.8% with dermatoscopic images. Teledermatology showed lower accuracy than face-to-face examination, regardless of whether teledermatoscopy was used (p < 0.05), but accuracy significantly improved with dermatoscopic images (p = 0.004). The teledermatology's accuracy for malignancy prediction was comparable to face-to-face examination (p > 0.05). Dermatoscopy type did not significantly impact accuracy (p > 0.05), while longer clinical experience correlated with higher accuracy (p < 0.05). Interrater reliability was poor for specific diagnoses but improved when categorizing lesions as malignant or benign (κ = 0.192, κ = 0.683).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although teledermatology performed below face-to-face examination in terms of specific diagnoses, it remained effective in distinguishing between benign and malignant cutaneous tumors. The inclusion of teledermatoscopy and longer clinical experience enhanced diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145052124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying potential drug triggers for bullous pemphigoid: a disproportionality analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system and systematic review of case reports.","authors":"Rathod Mahesh, Anjana Das K, Christy Thomas, Sudha Rani Kotakonda, Kadari Maheshwari, Krishna Undela","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2554799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2554799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the potential risk of Bullous pemphigoid (BP) associated with antidiabetic agents, antimicrobials, diuretics, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and biological agents.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A retrospective pharmacovigilance data analysis was conducted using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) between Q1/2004 and Q3/2024. Disproportionality analyses, viz. Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), and Information Component (IC) were performed to identify signals of BP. Additionally, a literature review of case reports of BP was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Disproportionality analysis identified 61 signals, and the following drugs exhibited the highest number of BP case associations: metformin (596 cases), vildagliptin (406 cases), nivolumab (376 cases), and furosemide (301 cases). Strong statistical correlation for signals was observed for vildagliptin [PRR = 295.8, LB (lower bound) ROR = 287.2, IC₀₂₅ = 7.5], dapsone [PRR = 20.7, LBROR = 14.4, IC₀₂₅ = 3.4], furosemide [PRR = 7.2, LBROR = 6.4, IC₀₂₅ = 2.6], and nivolumab [PRR = 31.5, LBROR = 28.5, IC₀₂₅ = 4.6]. These findings were supported by 106 identified case reports of BP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests a strong statistical correlation between vildagliptin, dapsone, furosemide, nivolumab, and the development of BP.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From slime to sublime: the impact of snail mucin on scar therapy and wound healing in dermatology.","authors":"Divya Sekar, Prithiviraj Nagarajan, Gayathiri Ekambaram, Leena Rajathy Port Louis, Asbar Banu Bazeer","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2547601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2547601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the article: </strong>Snail mucin (SM) has garnered significant attention in dermatology, particularly for its potential in scar therapy and wound healing, due to its bioactive compounds, like allantoin, glycolic acid, and hyaluronic acid. These compounds are known to promote tissue regeneration, enhance skin hydration, and reduce scarring.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>However, despite growing interest, significant gaps remain in the clinical understanding of SM's therapeutic potential, including a lack of standardised formulations and limited clinical trials. There is a urgent need for more extensive human clinical trials to fully explore SM's potential in scar therapy, particularly given the potential safety concerns, such as skin irritation, sensitisation, and allergic reactions, these issues highlight the importance of toxicological evaluations and regulatory scrutiny.</p><p><strong>Result and conclusion: </strong>While current regulatory frameworks, such as from FDA and CIR, emphasise the importance of safety substantiation for SM-based products, no formal toxicological monographs exist. This review discusses the therapeutic relevance of SM, identifies research gaps, and emphasises the need for rigorous safety testing and clinical validation to support its use in dermatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute cutaneous adverse drug reactions in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing combined targeted and immunotherapy: unraveling the impact of dosage and interval.","authors":"Tong Li, Lin Li, Xu Li, Kefei Chen, Yonggang Wei, Bo Li, Jingyi Li","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2552715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2552715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Combination of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a leading approach in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, an increased incidence of skin rashes poses a clinical challenge. Understanding the acute cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) during the early stage of the combination treatment is crucial.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the clinical characteristics of acute CADRs in HCC patients undergoing combined targeted agents and ICIs and identify potential risk factors contributing to the development of severe CADRs phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 33 HCC patients with acute CADRs following combination therapy was conducted. Patients were categorized into maculopapular eruption (MPE) group and atypical targetoid eruption (ATE) group based on the rash phenotypes. Clinical characteristics were compared between the subgroups, and the administration pattern of the combination therapy was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>16 MPE cases and 17 ATE cases were identified. No other types of acute skin eruptions were documented. Patients with ATE developed rashes with a shorter time latency, experienced more systemic symptoms, showed higher severity grades, had longer disease courses, and demonstrated a lower rate of successful rechallenge compared to patients with MPE. The ATE group displayed a significantly higher percentage receiving full-dose targeted agents and a shorter interval between targeted agents and ICIs upon initiation of combination therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In HCC patients receiving combined regimens, atypical targetoid rashes indicate a more severe CADR. Full-dose targeted agents and shorter intervals between targeted agents and ICIs may contribute to the more severe CADR phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro assessment of portable, domestic UV-C disinfection devices' effects on skin fibroblasts.","authors":"Eleni Kardamila, Chara Almpani, Andreas Vitsos, Dimitra Ieronymaki, Aspasia Petri, Michail Ch Rallis","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2502426","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2502426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Portable UV-C disinfection devices for domestic use have been widely commercially available since COVID-19 pandemic. Concerns regarding their safety have been expressed, while there is a lack of actual data regarding the health effects of commercial hand-held UV-C disinfection devices. Herein, the acute effects of two commercial UV-C devices for domestic disinfection are evaluated in vitro, under realistic exposure conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Skin cells were exposed to an LP-Hg wand and an LED disinfection device for 10s, 30s, 5, 10 and 15 min. The devices measured the erythema effective irradiance was 5 W m^-2. Cellular viability, oxidative stress, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation were evaluated right after irradiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A dose-dependent cellular viability decrease and oxidative stress, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation increase were demonstrated, while the LP-Hg wand seemed to induce more severe effects than the LED. Lipid peroxidation has been shown to be the dominant photooxidation mechanism, even at a sublethal radiant exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results provide evidence regarding the cutaneous photodamaging effects of commercially available UV-C disinfection devices for domestic use at the cellular level, contributing to the UV-C disinfection devices' risk management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"267-273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of ischaemia-modified albumin and antioxidant vitamins and minerals levels in alopecia areata patients and evaluation of their relationship with disease severity.","authors":"Deniz Duman Günsay, Berna Kuş, Abdullah Arpacı, Asena Çiğdem Doğramacı","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2511723","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2511723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the levels of ischaemia-modified albumin, an oxidative stress marker, and antioxidant vitamins and minerals in patients with Alopecia Areata <i>(AA)</i> to measure total antioxidant and oxidant capacity and to determine whether the obtained values were related to the severity of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, controlled study has enrolled 30 patients admitted to our institution's outpatient clinic with a clinical or histopathological diagnosis of AA and 30 individuals as the control group. Serum ischaemia-modified albumin, vitamin E, selenium, copper, zinc, total antioxidant capacity <i>(TAC),</i> and total oxidant capacity <i>(TOC)</i> levels of the individuals included in the study were evaluated, and their relationship with the severity of the disease was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ischaemia-modified albumin level was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group <i>(p = 0.002),</i> and vitamin E level was significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group <i>(p = 0.017).</i> Ischaemia-modified albumin levels were significantly higher in patients with severe disease than in those with mild disease <i>(p = 0.027),</i> while Zn was significantly lower <i>(p = 0.014).</i> No significant difference was found between Se, Cu, Zn, TAC, and TOC levels in the patient and control groups. No significant difference was found between the disease severity and vitamin E, Se, Cu, TAC, and TOC levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, the high ischaemia-modified albumin and low vitamin E levels in AA patients indicate that the oxidant-antioxidant balance in AA patients has shifted towards the oxidant state, and oxidative stress may be effective in the pathogenesis of the disease. We believe new studies conducted in larger patient groups may shed light on the relationship between Se, Cu, Zn, TAC, and TOC levels and oxidative stress in AA patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"303-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond skin deep: the unseen burden of hidradenitis suppurativa on sleep and quality of life.","authors":"Ezgi Sanlı, Bilal Sula, Mustafa Esen","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2526607","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2526607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) causes pain, discharge, odor, and scarring, potentially worsening sleep quality and psychological health. This study evaluated sleep, mood, and quality of life in HS patients compared to healthy controls, considering disease severity. We hypothesized that increased HS severity significantly impairs these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study involved 55 HS patients from a university hospital and 55 healthy controls. Participants completed the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). HS severity was assessed using the Hurley staging system, and pain was measured with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HS patients had significantly higher anxiety, depression, DLQI, and PSQI scores than controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Depression scores correlated with Hurley stage (<i>p</i> = 0.041), but anxiety, DLQI, and PSQI scores did not (<i>p</i> > 0.05). VAS pain scores over the past week correlated with anxiety (<i>p</i> = 0.005), depression (<i>p</i> = 0.020), and DLQI scores (<i>p</i> < 0.001). DLQI scores positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and PSQI scores (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.004, respectively). Depression scores correlated with anxiety and PSQI scores (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for both). Anxiety and PSQI scores also showed a positive correlation (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HS is associated with poorer mood, sleep quality, and quality of life compared to healthy controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"342-350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of hematological inflammatory markers and comorbid conditions in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and lichen planus.","authors":"Mehmet Semih Çelik, Hamza Aktaş","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2519028","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2519028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) and lichen planus (LP) are inflammatory skin diseases. Systemic inflammatory markers, which may indicate inflammation in these diseases, have been investigated in various studies. This research focused on analysing the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and RDW values in patients with PV and LP. Additionally, we investigated their associations with comorbidities and assessed the diagnostic value of NLR in identifying psoriatic arthritis (PsA).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 110 patients with LP and 140 patients with PV who presented to the dermatology outpatient clinic between 2022 and 2024. Age, gender, NLR, PLR, SII, RDW values, and accompanying comorbid diseases of the patients were recorded. Differences in NLR based on disease type and comorbid conditions were analysed. Additionally, in patients with PV, the relationship between the presence of (PsA) and NLR was evaluated. Cut-off values, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed that the PV group had significantly elevated NLR and PLR values in comparison to the LP group (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.027). For NLR: (AUC: 0.669; 95% CI: 0.607-0.727); cut-off value: ≤2, sensitivity: 66.36%, specificity: 66.43%; <i>p</i> < 0.0001. For PLR: (AUC: 0.584; 95% CI: 0.520-0.646); cut-off value: ≤109.35, sensitivity: 55.45%, specificity: 63.57%; <i>p</i> = 0.0221. In the group with PsA, A significant elevation in NLR was observed (<i>p</i> = 0.043). For NLR in this group: (AUC: 0.621; 95% CI: 0.535-0.701); cut-off value: >2.15, sensitivity: 83.33%, specificity: 47.27%; <i>p</i> = 0.0175.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NLR and PLR may be useful markers in distinguishing PV. NLR, with a higher AUC and specificity compared to PLR, may be considered a stronger marker. Furthermore, due to its high sensitivity for PsA, NLR could be more suitable for screening purposes rather than diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"315-319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous manifestations of primary immune deficiencies.","authors":"A Acar, Ö Ardeniz","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2511721","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2511721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) can present with a wide range of clinical findings. This review aims to evaluate PIDs in which cutaneous findings are common.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>English literature regarding cutaneous manifestations of primary immunodeficiencies was reviewed using PubMed between January 2005 and March 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cutaneous findings in PIDs can be broadly classified into two main groups: infectious and non-infectious. The most prevalent skin finding in PIDs is cutaneous infections (bacterial, fungal, and viral), and these infections often manifest as early-onset, recurrent, treatment-resistant, or atypical cases. Eczema is being the most frequent among non-infectious findings. Cutaneous manifestations, such as erythroderma, telangiectasia, granulomatous dermatitis, and autoimmune symptoms like alopecia and vitiligo can also occur.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cutaneous manifestations in PIDs can assist clinicians in making early diagnoses, enabling patients to receive appropriate therapy promptly.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"290-298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of mercury content in skin lightening cosmetics products using a direct mercury analyser.","authors":"S Houmine, H El Hamri, Z Jouhadi, H Bouchahta, M Fekhaoui","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2511717","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2025.2511717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of this study, the first study of its kind conducted in Morocco, was to evaluate mercury concentrations in skin whitening products using the MA-3000 direct mercury analyser.</p><p><strong>Context: </strong>Mercury is widely recognised as one of the most dangerous elements to human health. Despite the well-known risks, skin whitening creams and soaps containing this toxic substance continue to be produced and purchased, especially in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa. This practice constitutes a global public health issue due to the widespread distribution of these products. In Morocco, these items are commonly found in beauty stores and boutiques, which are frequently used for their skin-lightening effects.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-nine samples of skin whitening products were collected from the local market in Rabat. The mercury content in these products was measured using the MA-3000 direct mercury analyser, in accordance with USEPA Method 7473. The method has a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.002 µg/g and a Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 0.008 µg/g, ensuring the reliability and validity of the results. Moreover, the method demonstrated a recovery rate of 105%, further confirming its accuracy and precision. The mercury concentration was measured in micrograms per gram (µg/g). This unit is equivalent to parts per million (ppm), a unit commonly used to express very low concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed that 25 out of 29 samples contained mercury concentrations ranging from 1.01 µg/g to 10.47 µg/g, exceeding the 1 µg/g limit established by the Minamata Convention on Mercury. Conversely, 4 samples showed no detectable traces of mercury.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals the concerning presence of mercury in skin-lightening products available on the Moroccan market. The continued circulation and frequent use of mercury-containing creams and soaps, both in Morocco and in other developing countries, underscore the pressing need for strengthened regulatory frameworks and stricter control of hazardous substances in cosmetic products. These findings raise significant public health concerns, particularly for vulnerable populations who may be unknowingly exposed to toxic levels of mercury through daily use of skin-lightening products.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"281-289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144215125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}