Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"<i>Ex vivo</i> evaluation of corneal permeation and irritation potential associated with proparacaine hydrochloride misuse.","authors":"Natalia C Gonzalez-Jimenez, María C Lozano, Yolima Baena","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2026.2733362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2026.2733362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Proparacaine hydrochloride is a topical ocular anesthetic widely used in diagnostic procedures. Although generally safe when properly administered, repeated or unsupervised use has been associated with clinically relevant corneal injury. In contexts where access to topical anesthetics is insufficiently controlled, misuse may result in cumulative epithelial damage and vision-threatening complications. Despite clinical reports and experimental evidence of corneal toxicity, quantitative data linking exposure conditions to structural corneal damage under controlled <i>ex vivo</i> settings remain limited, particularly regarding dose-injury relationships at the tissue level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Porcine corneas were mounted in Franz diffusion cells to quantify permeation by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and evaluate corneal histopathological changes. Both pure proparacaine and the commercial 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution (Alcaine^®, Alcon) were assessed under therapeutic (2.25 mg/mL), abuse (4.5 mg/mL), and infinite-dose (53.152 mg/mL) conditions. Negative (phosphate-buffered saline) and positive (99.5% ethanol) controls were included for histopathological assessment. ANOVA was applied to permeation data, and histopathological scores were analyzed using non-parametric tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Proparacaine showed low permeability (9.33 × 10^-7cm/s), with only a small fraction of the applied dose permeating across the cornea during the experimental period. Permeation increased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. High-dose and infinite-dose exposure conditions resulted in marked epithelial damage, including spongiosis, chromatin condensation, and desquamation, with severity comparable to that induced by ethanol used as a positive control. Differences between formulations were primarily driven by concentration rather than formulation composition, and a correlation was observed between cumulative permeation and the extent of epithelial injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Proparacaine demonstrates dose-dependent permeation and histopathological changes, emphasizing the risks associated with misuse. The <i>ex vivo</i> model provides relevant and ethically aligned evidence to support ocular hazard assessment through the characterizing of histopathological changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical safety evaluation of a facial brightening toner containing niacinamide and β-arbutin used with 4% hydroquinone.","authors":"Alexandra M Maldonado López, Ivan Domicio da Silva Souza","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2026.2748325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2026.2748325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hydroquinone (HQ) remains the gold standard for treating facial hyperpigmentation, but irritation concerns may limit its use. β-arbutin and niacinamide are widely used cosmetic brightening ingredients; however, concerns that β-arbutin may release HQ have led to recommendations against combining β-arbutin-containing products with HQ. Clinical evidence evaluating the tolerability of this combination is limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Assess the safety of a Facial Brightening Toner containing 3% niacinamide and 2% β-arbutin when combined with 4% HQ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An 18-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in adult female volunteers with facial hyperpigmentation and/or melasma. Volunteers received either a facial Brightening Toner or a Placebo Toner for 18 weeks, with 4% HQ through Week 10; they continued toner use through Week 18 without HQ. Assessments were performed at Baseline, Week 10, and Week 18, including facial erythema by a* measurements, VISIA CR red feature analysis, and adverse events monitoring.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven volunteers completed the study (Brightening Toner <i>n</i> = 23; Placebo Toner <i>n</i> = 24). Within-group and between-group analyses showed no significant changes in a* values from Baseline to Week 10, Baseline to Week 18, or Week 10 to Week 18 in either group, nor differences at any time point. Red feature analysis supported these findings. No irritation-related adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A Facial Brightening Toner containing 3% niacinamide and 2% β-arbutin was well tolerated when combined with 4% HQ. These findings offer preliminary clinical safety evidence supporting the tolerability of β-arbutin- and niacinamide-containing cosmetic products used to support HQ therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum NF-κB p105 and IL-17 in psoriasis: associations with disease status and severity.","authors":"Nazlı Caf, Naile Fevziye Mısırlıoglu, Seyma Dumur, Burcu Biltekin, Göknur Özaydın Yavuz, Erişcan Melih Kırsoy, Hafize Uzun","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2026.2748320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2026.2748320","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease recognized as a systemic disorder with cardiometabolic comorbidities. Although the IL-23/Th17 axis is central to pathogenesis, the clinical relevance of circulating inflammatory mediators, particularly nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) related proteins, remains incompletely defined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to evaluate serum NF-κB p105 and interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels in patients with psoriasis vulgaris, assess their association with disease severity, and explore their discrimination between patients with psoriasis and healthy controls, while accounting for age and BMI.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this case-control study, 41 psoriasis vulgaris patients and 47 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Disease severity was assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), and patients were categorized into mild, moderate, or severe disease according to the clinical severity classification by the dermatologist. Serum NF-κB p105 and IL-17 concentrations were measured and compared between groups. Correlations with PASI and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed using Spearman's correlation. Biomarker discrimination within the study cohort was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, with bootstrap confidence intervals for the AUC. Because conventional maximum-likelihood logistic regression was unstable in the presence of separation, Firth bias-reduced logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with psoriasis status after adjustment for age and BMI.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Serum NF-κB p105 and IL-17 levels were significantly higher in patients with psoriasis compared to controls (both &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). IL-17 demonstrated a strong positive correlation with PASI scores (ρ = 0.842, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and increased progressively across mild, moderate, and severe clinical severity categories. NF-κB p105 levels also differed significantly across severity categories but showed only a weak-to-moderate correlation with PASI (ρ = 0.336, p = 0.032), whereas their correlation with IL-17 was moderate (ρ = 0.527, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). ROC analysis showed very high apparent discrimination within the present cohort for NF-κB p105 (AUC = 0.994, bootstrap 95% CI: 0.982-1.000), whereas IL-17 showed lower apparent discrimination within the cohort (AUC = 0.868, bootstrap 95% CI: 0.788-0.933). In Firth bias-reduced logistic regression, serum NF-κB p105 remained significantly associated with psoriasis status after adjustment for age and BMI (adjusted OR = 50.60, 95% CI: 2.54-1008.26, p = 0.010), whereas BMI (adjusted OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 0.93-2.99, p = 0.084) and age (adjusted OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.80-1.04, p = 0.162) were not statistically significant. However, given the substantial between-group difference in BMI, residual metabolic confounding cannot be excluded despite statist","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Huaier cream attenuates TGF-β-induced keloid Fibroblast proliferation and migration by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.","authors":"Xuelian Zhao, Yanjun Gao, Xiaoguang Su","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2026.2740535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2026.2740535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether Huaier cream (HC) regulates the Transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling pathway (TGF-β/SSP) and influences the proliferation and migration (P&M), apoptosis, and the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) in keloid fibroblasts (KFs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The KFs model was established in vitro. Live/dead staining (L/D-S) and CCK-8 assays were performed to assess cell proliferation, while the wound healing assay (WHA) was used to evaluate cell migration. Flow cytometry (FC) was taken to assess cell apoptosis. Western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) were conducted to determine the changes in TGF-β/SSP and analyze the expression of ECM-related Protein (ECM-RP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HC significantly inhibited the P&M of TGF-β-induced KFs (TGF-β-IKFs), restored their apoptotic capacity, and decreased the expression of ECM-RPs in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, HC treatment markedly lowered the Smad2/3's phosphorylation levels, indicating inhibition of the TGF-β/SSP. By suppressing the TGF-β/SSP, HC can inhibit the phosphorylation of TGF-β/SSP and regulate the P&M, apoptosis, and ECM synthesis of TGF-β-IKFs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HC suppresses the TGF-β/SSP, thereby inhibiting the P&M, and ECM synthesis of KFs, while inducing fibroblast apoptosis. These conclusions demonstrate that HC is a potential therapeutic agent for treating keloids.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical investigation of suprabasin, isthmin-1, and podocalyxin immunoreactivity in basal cell carcinoma and trichoblastoma/trichoepithelioma.","authors":"Sibel Kaya, Betül Demir, Demet Cicek, Tuncay Kuloğlu, Özlem Ucer, Mehmet Semih Celik, Serhat Hancer","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2026.2746755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2026.2746755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and trichoblastoma/trichoepithelioma (TB/TE) are skin tumors that may exhibit similar histopathological features. This study aimed to examine the immunoreactivity of suprabasin (SBSN), isthmin-1 (ISM-1), and podocalyxin (PODXL) BCC and TB/TE, and to evaluate the possible roles of these molecules in pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 60 tissue samples were included in the study: 20 BCC, 20 TB/TE, and 20 healthy skin samples. Indirect immunohistochemical staining was performed using SBSN, ISM-1, and PODXL antibodies. A histoscore was calculated based on staining extent and intensity. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean SBSN histoscores in the BCC, TB/TE, and control groups were 0.115 ± 0.036, 0.105 ± 0.022, and 0.410 ± 0.060, respectively. A significant decrease in SBSN immunoreactivity was observed in the BCC and TB/TE groups compared with the control group (p < 0.001). The mean ISM-1 histoscores were 0.385 ± 0.046, 1.815 ± 0.247, and 0.895 ± 0.187, respectively. A significant decrease was observed in the BCC group compared with the control group, whereas a significant increase was found in the TB/TE group (p < 0.001). The mean PODXL histoscores in the BCC, TB/TE, and control groups were 0.395 ± 0.035, 1.785 ± 0.283, and 0.105 ± 0.022, respectively. PODXL expression was significantly increased in the BCC and TB/TE groups compared with the control group (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, SBSN did not appear to be a distinctive biomarker for BCC and TB/TE. However, ISM-1 and especially PODXL may contribute to the pathogenesis of BCC and may have potential utility in the diagnosis of BCC and TB/TE.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiseizure drug-induced Stevens - Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children: a systematic review.","authors":"Biplab Pal, Archita Dutta, Rohita, Krishana Kumar Sharma, Molakpogu Ravindra Babu, Vaibhav Chaudhary, Jay Prakash, Akanksha, Krishna Murti, Md Abubakar, Nitesh Kumar, Sweta Kumari, Neha Sharma","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2026.2743691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2026.2743691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare but life-threatening severe reactions associated with antiseizure drugs (ASDs). This systematic review aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics, implicated drugs, management strategies, and outcomes of ASD-induced SJS/TEN in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar from database inception to 2025 following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Descriptive studies reporting pediatric patients (≤18 years) with ASD-induced SJS, TEN, or SJS-TEN overlap were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-four studies involving 37 pediatric patients were included. Among them, 22 patients (59.5%) developed SJS, 10 (27.0%) TEN, 4 (10.8%) SJS-TEN overlap, and 1 (2.7%) overlapping SJS/DRESS. Patients were aged 2.25-18 years, with males accounting for 20 (54.0%) of cases and females for 17 cases (45.9%). Lamotrigine was the most commonly implicated ASD (43.2%), followed by valproic acid (35.1%), and phenytoin and phenobarbitone (16.2% each). Monotherapy was reported in 64.8% of patients, while dual and triple therapy occurred in 27% and 8.1%, respectively. The lamotrigine-valproic acid combination was the most frequent high-risk regimen (21.6%). Most reactions occurred within 1-3 weeks of treatment initiation or dose escalation, especially during rapid titration. Drug withdrawal, supportive care, corticosteroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin were the main treatment strategies. Most patients recovered, although 1 death (2.7%) was reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ASD-induced SJS/TEN in children is rare but serious. Lamotrigine was the most frequently implicated ASD, with several cases occurring during early treatment or dose escalation, particularly in valproate-containing regimens. These findings reinforce the importance of cautious prescribing, appropriate titration, early recognition, and prompt withdrawal of the suspected drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interpretable skin cancer detection and classification framework using meta-heuristic driven symmetric convolution-based adaptive MobileNet with LSTM layer.","authors":"Vijayakumar Reddy D, Balaji L","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2026.2740525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2026.2740525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin cancer requires early and accurate detection for effective treatment. Automated image analysis can help identify skin lesions and support clinical diagnosis.</p><p><p>This study aims to develop an efficient framework for accurate skin cancer detection using lesion segmentation, deep learning, and optimization.</p><p><p>Skin lesion images are first segmented using MobileUNet++ with Spatial Attention (MUNet++-SA) to identify lesion regions accurately. The segmented images are then classified using the proposed SAMNet-LSTM model. The model parameters are optimized using Rationalized Masterpiece Optimization (RMO) to improve classification performance. The proposed method is compared with existing approaches.</p><p><p>The proposed MUNet++-SA achieves improved segmentation performance. Its mean IoU is 16.47%, 15.88%, 14.11%, and 8.23% higher than U-Net, U-Net3+, ResUNet, and DenseUNet, respectively. The RMO-optimized SAMNet-LSTM also provides improved and efficient skin cancer classification.</p><p><p>The proposed framework combines accurate lesion segmentation with optimized deep learning for reliable skin cancer detection. It can support faster and more effective clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical intestinal inflammation in psoriasis: a cross-sectional comparative study using fecal calprotectin.","authors":"Mucahit Marsak, Serpil Sener, Mehmet Enes Güner, Dursun Turkmen, Nihal Altunisik, Zekiye Kanat, Yücel Duman","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2026.2740523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2026.2740523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psoriasis has been linked to inflammatory bowel disease and the gut-skin axis, but whether cutaneous psoriasis is associated with subclinical intestinal inflammation remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate fecal calprotectin (FC) and gastrointestinal symptom burden in adults with psoriasis and controls, with exploratory comparison by systemic treatment status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional comparative study included 72 adults: 22 psoriasis patients receiving systemic therapy, 25 not receiving systemic therapy, and 25 controls. FC was measured by ELISA, gastrointestinal symptoms by the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), and psoriasis severity by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Age- and sex-adjusted analyses used log-transformed FC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median (IQR) FC levels were 60.0 (30.0-263.1) µg/g in patients receiving systemic therapy, 48.4 (30.0-188.0) µg/g in those not receiving systemic therapy, and 57.6 (30.0-157.7) µg/g in controls, with no significant three-group difference (<i>p</i> = 0.554). In the pooled comparison, median FC was 53.1 (30.0-197.3) µg/g in psoriasis patients and 57.6 (30.0-157.7) µg/g in controls (<i>p</i> = 0.503). After age and sex adjustment, the geometric mean FC ratio was 1.30 (95% CI 0.74-2.28; <i>p</i> = 0.356). GSRS scores did not differ significantly between groups, and FC was not significantly associated with PASI or GSRS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this small, selected cohort of adults with predominantly mild cutaneous psoriasis and without known gastrointestinal disease or psoriatic arthritis, no statistically significant FC- or GSRS-based difference was detected between psoriasis patients and controls. Larger prospective studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phototherapy in dermatologic patients aged 65 years and older: a five-year retrospective study.","authors":"Burak Aksan, Işıl Deniz Oğuz","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2026.2743657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2026.2743657","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Phototherapy, one of the oldest dermatological treatment methods, has not been well-defined in terms of efficacy and safety, particularly in specific patient groups such as those 65 years and older.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Phototherapy has been used as a treatment option for a wide range of dermatological diseases since 1988. Although it is more commonly used in adult patients, its use in individuals aged 65 years and older requires particular consideration because of the specific characteristics of this age group. The aim of this study was to present data on patients aged 65 years and older who received treatment in our phototherapy unit over a five-year period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The medical records of patients aged 65 years and older who received phototherapy in our unit between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2025 were retrospectively reviewed. Age, sex, Fitzpatrick skin type, diagnosis, phototherapy modality, treatment duration, total number of sessions, cumulative doses, adverse effects, treatment response, treatment attendance, reason for treatment discontinuation, and the months during which treatment was administered were recorded.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Over the five-year study period, 688 patients received phototherapy in our unit, of these, 123 patients (17.9%) were aged 65 years and older. Psoriasis was the most common diagnosis, observed in 36 patients (29.3%). Phototherapy was administered in combination with systemic therapy in 23 patients (18.7%) and with local treatment in 6 patients (4.9%). Whole-body narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) was used in 95 patients (77.2%), localized NB-UVB in 23 (18.7%), whole-body PUVA in 4 (3.6%), and localized PUVA in 1 (0.8%). Among patients receiving NB-UVB, the median cumulative dose was 15.12 J/cm2 (range, 0.01-240.10), and the median total number of sessions was 29 (range, 1-175). Forty-five patients (36.6%) interrupted treatment at least once or attended irregularly. Adverse effects were observed in 14 patients (11.5%). Among the 123 patients, clinical response could be evaluated in 100 patients. Complete or near-complete response was observed in 42 patients (42.0%), partial response in 22 patients (22.0%), and no/minimal response or worsening in 36 patients (36.0%). For comparative analyses, 64 patients (64.0%) were classified as responders and 36 (36.0%) as non-responders. No significant differences were observed between responders and non-responders regarding age, sex, treatment regimen, treatment modality, or treatment adherence. However, higher cumulative NB-UVB doses and a greater number of NB-UVB sessions were significantly associated with treatment response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Phototherapy remains an important and reliable therapeutic option in patients aged 65 years and older, particularly in those with severe or treatment-resistant disease and in patients for whom systemic therapies are contraindicated or unsuitab","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination and health risk assessment of seven toxic elements in lip cosmetics.","authors":"Ya Guo, Wenting Wang, Yingjie Ma, Zebing Zhu, Yuan Yuan, Hua Zhang, Shixin He","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2026.2740524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2026.2740524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, with the increasing market of lip cosmetics, the risk of harmful elements has attracted more and more attention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, lip cosmetics were used as the research object. The toxic elements (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Ni, Cu, Cr) in lip cosmetics were determined by ICP-MS, and the health risks of toxic elements were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest detection rates of 7 harmful elements in 32 lip products were As and Cu, which were 65.6%, followed by Ni and Cr, and finally Pb and Cd. On the other hand, the detection value of Ni was the highest, followed by Cu and Cr. In addition, the risk assessment results show that HI from large to small is lip glaze, lipstick, lip balm.Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the harmful elements in lipstick and lip glaze. The ILCR values of Pb, Cd, As and Cr indicated that lipstick, lip glaze and lip balm had no carcinogenic risk.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The national standard limits of Ni, Cu and Cr are not perfect and there is less supervision, so the detected values are relatively high. On the contrary, there are more mature methods and limits for Pb, As, Hg and Cd on a global scale, so the values of the four elements are relatively low, suggesting that attention should be paid to monitoring the content of Ni and Cu in lipstick products.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}