Current Opinion in Psychiatry最新文献_第5页

Bacteria in the brain: do they have a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease? 大脑中的细菌：它们在阿尔茨海默病的发病机制中起作用吗？

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000989

Arnav Bhattacharya, Claire Shepherd, Fatima El-Assaad, Karen A Mather

{"title":"Bacteria in the brain: do they have a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease?","authors":"Arnav Bhattacharya, Claire Shepherd, Fatima El-Assaad, Karen A Mather","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000989","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000989","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Worldwide efforts continue to unravel the complex pathological pathways that lead to Alzheimer's disease. The gut-brain-microbiome axis, a communication pathway between the gut, brain and microorganisms, is emerging as a potential mechanism involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. While the gut microbiome's role in Alzheimer's disease has gained significant attention, the brain microbiome remains relatively unexplored. This review summarizes the latest research on the brain microbiome in Alzheimer's disease.Recent findings: In the past 4 years, four out of five studies have found bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae , in postmortem samples of both control and Alzheimer's disease brains, supporting the idea that the brain is not a sterile environment. Two studies report the overabundance of several bacterial phyla, including Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes, in postmortem Alzheimer's disease brains versus controls. One study reported the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi in a subset of Alzheimer's disease cases compared to controls.Summary: Limitations and challenges persist in studying the brain microbiome, including the lack of standardized assays and data analysis methods, small sample sizes, and inconsistent use of controls for environmental microbial contamination during sample processing. Well designed studies that employ reproducible and rigorous methods are required to elucidate whether microbes are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"252-257"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11957443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global prevalence of internet addiction among university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 大学生网络成瘾的全球流行：一项系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000994

Xin Liu, Zhen Gui, Zi-Mu Chen, Yuan Feng, Xiao-Dan Wu, Zhaohui Su, Teris Cheung, Gabor S Ungvari, Xuan-Chen Liu, Yi-Ran Yan, Chee H Ng, Yu-Tao Xiang

{"title":"Global prevalence of internet addiction among university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Xin Liu, Zhen Gui, Zi-Mu Chen, Yuan Feng, Xiao-Dan Wu, Zhaohui Su, Teris Cheung, Gabor S Ungvari, Xuan-Chen Liu, Yi-Ran Yan, Chee H Ng, Yu-Tao Xiang","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000994","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000994","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The prevalence of internet addiction among university students has been extensively studied worldwide, however, the findings have been mixed. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the global prevalence of internet addiction in university students and identify its potential moderators.Recent findings: A total of 101 eligible studies, comprising 128020 participants across 38 countries and territories, were included. The pooled global prevalence of internet addiction among university students was 41.84% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 35.89-48.02]. Significant differences in the prevalence were observed across different income levels, regions, periods of COVID-19 pandemic, and cut-off values of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Sample size was negatively associated with internet addiction prevalence, while depression prevalence was positively associated with internet addiction prevalence. Male students had a significantly higher risk of internet addiction compared to female students [pooled odd ratio (OR): 1.32, 95% CI: 1.19-1.46].Summary: This meta-analysis found that the prevalence of internet addiction was high among university students, which has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. Screening and intervention measures to address internet addiction should prioritize students with an increased risk including male students, those from lower-income regions and those with depression.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"182-199"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Schizophrenia in women: a review of unique aspects regarding course, management, and challenges across the lifespan. 女性精神分裂症：回顾病程、管理和生命周期挑战的独特方面。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000998

Marcela Almeida, Sun Fletcher, Melisa Granoff

{"title":"Schizophrenia in women: a review of unique aspects regarding course, management, and challenges across the lifespan.","authors":"Marcela Almeida, Sun Fletcher, Melisa Granoff","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000998","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000998","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review of the latest literature aims to underscore some unique characteristics of schizophrenia in women and to explore the role of hormonal fluctuations and life-stage stressors in its pathogenesis and management. It summarizes the emerging evidence-based recommendations on biological and psychosocial interventions, with the goal to raise awareness of some gender-specific issues and the ultimate intent to optimize outcomes for this patient population.Recent findings: Schizophrenia affects men and women differently due to gender-specific biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors. Hormonal changes through the woman's reproductive life are associated with differences in disease expression, response to treatment, and treatment adjustments.Summary: Schizophrenia is a chronic and serious mental illness associated with significant personal and societal burden and with important sexual differences in presentation, course, and management, attributed at least in part to hormonal changes and other factors (e.g. medication compliance, drug interactions, social and cultural characteristics). Periods of high hormonal flux, such as pregnancy, postpartum, and the menopause transition, pose additional challenges concerning psychiatric stability and treatment efficacy and safety. Becoming familiar with important gender-specific characteristics including biological, psychological and sociocultural determinants can lead to adjustments in management and, ultimately, to improved outcomes.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biofluid biomarkers in distinguishing young-onset dementia from primary psychiatric disorders. 生物流体生物标志物在区分年轻发病痴呆和原发性精神疾病中的作用。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000979

Samantha M Loi, Dhamidhu Eratne, Alexander F Santillo, Dennis Velakoulis

{"title":"Biofluid biomarkers in distinguishing young-onset dementia from primary psychiatric disorders.","authors":"Samantha M Loi, Dhamidhu Eratne, Alexander F Santillo, Dennis Velakoulis","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000979","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000979","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: There has been growing interest in the role of biofluid biomarkers to aid the diagnosis of dementia in older people. However, less attention has been given to younger people who have dementia (young-onset dementia), who frequently experience misdiagnoses of primary psychiatric disorders diagnostic delay and challenges accessing appropriate care.Recent findings: We describe 12 studies from the previous 2 years of which the majority have investigated the role of neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in distinguishing young-onset dementia from primary psychiatric disorders. Synaptic and astrocytic biomarkers were also investigated. Sample sizes ranged from n = 46 to n = 999 and studies were mostly from Australia and the Netherlands.Summary: The major finding from this review was that NfL has very high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating a range of young-onset dementias (Alzheimer's dementia, behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia) from PPD (schizophrenia, bipolar affective and major depressive disorders). NfL is easily accessible via the blood, so there is significant potential that a blood test could be available to make this dichotomisation. Further research is required to support clinical translation such as changes of NfL with disease progression and standardising analytic techniques.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":"38 2","pages":"134-143"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introductions. 编辑介绍。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000982

引用次数: 0

Genetics of Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes: 2024 update. Prader-Willi综合征和Angelman综合征的遗传学：2024年更新。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000981

David E Godler, Deepan Singh, Merlin G Butler

{"title":"Genetics of Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes: 2024 update.","authors":"David E Godler, Deepan Singh, Merlin G Butler","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000981","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000981","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Prader-Willi (PWS) and Angelman (AS) syndromes arise from errors in 15q11-q13 imprinting. This review describes recent advances in genomics and how these expand our understanding of these rare disorders, guiding treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes.Recent findings: PWS features include severe infantile hypotonia, failure to thrive, hypogonadism, developmental delay, behavioral and psychiatric features, hyperphagia, and morbid obesity, if unmanaged. AS presents severe intellectual disability, motor dysfunction, seizures, absent speech, and a characteristic happy demeanor. Standard-of-care testing involves SNRPN promoter methylation, microarray and genomic analyses for individuals presenting with these features. These tests identify syndromic-specific DNA methylation patterns and molecular genetic classes responsible for disease etiology. This review provides an update on studies of genotype-phenotype relationships and novel genomic technologies used for diagnostic purposes.Summary: We give an overview and update on the genetics and underlying mechanisms associated with symptoms and potential treatments with focus on features reported to be different between specific molecular genetic classes. The review also describes laboratory testing methods for diagnosis of these imprinting disorders with implications for clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive disorders in patients with neuroimmunological disease. 神经免疫疾病患者的认知障碍。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000977

Miguel Restrepo-Martinez, Vaughan Bell, Jesus Ramirez-Bermudez

{"title":"Cognitive disorders in patients with neuroimmunological disease.","authors":"Miguel Restrepo-Martinez, Vaughan Bell, Jesus Ramirez-Bermudez","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000977","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000977","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), and autoimmune encephalitis can directly and indirectly affect brain function, leading to cognitive dysfunction or well characterized neurocognitive syndromes. However, these are often poorly characterized in the literature. Here, we review evidence on clinical manifestations, risk factors, their assessment and outcomes, and evidence for underlying mechanisms and associated biomarkers, if available.Recent findings: Significant advances have been made in neurocognitive disorders associated with four categories of autoimmune disease: neurocognitive disorders due to autoimmune connective tissue diseases, neurocognitive disorders due to autoimmune demyelinating diseases of the CNS, neurocognitive disorders due to autoimmune encephalitis, and neurocognitive disorders due to cerebrovascular disease of autoimmune origin.Summary: Autoimmune diseases should be considered as critical causal factors underlying new cases of neurocognitive disorder, especially in young patients. These diseases are mediated by immune system reactions involving antibody production, T-cell-mediated damage, and demyelination. Although the prognosis seems favourable in most conditions after immunotherapy, the magnitude of the therapeutic effect of immunotherapy on cognitive functioning remains unclear.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":"38 2","pages":"126-133"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monogenic causes of cerebral small vessel disease- models for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia? 脑血管疾病的单基因原因——血管性认知障碍和痴呆的模型？

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000978

Danit G Saks, Perminder S Sachdev

{"title":"Monogenic causes of cerebral small vessel disease- models for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia?","authors":"Danit G Saks, Perminder S Sachdev","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000978","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000978","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Recent advancements in molecular biomarkers and therapeutic options for Alzheimer's disease have brought into focus the need for greater progress in the second most common cause of dementia, vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). We examine how the study of monogenic causes of VCID has contributed to the understanding of its pathophysiology and potential biomarker and treatment research.Recent findings: It is widely accepted that conditions which disrupt the cerebral small vessels contribute to vascular pathologies including stroke and cerebral microbleeds, ultimately leading to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Among these conditions are a range of monogenic small vessel diseases (SVDs) such as CADASIL, CARASIL, Fabry disease and COL4A-related disorders.Summary: This review indicates the importance of furthering research into monogenic SVDs in order to gain insight into the pathomechanisms of VCID more broadly. Monogenic conditions are easier to model than sporadic VCID and can serve as a guide for identifying biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring and intervention outcomes.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"112-118"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11789596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban air pollution and child neurodevelopmental conditions: a systematic bibliometric review. 城市空气污染与儿童神经发育状况：系统文献计量回顾。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000984

Rosalyn Kefas, Raymond Roy, Amedeo D'Angiulli

{"title":"Urban air pollution and child neurodevelopmental conditions: a systematic bibliometric review.","authors":"Rosalyn Kefas, Raymond Roy, Amedeo D'Angiulli","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000984","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000984","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Using advanced bibliometric analysis, we systematically mapped the most current literature on urban air pollution and neurodevelopmental conditions to identify key patterns and associations. Here, we review the findings from the broader literature by discussing a distilled, validated subset of 44 representative studies.Recent findings: Literature highlights a complex relationship between environmental toxins, neurodevelopmental disorders in children, and neurobehavioral pathways involving oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and protein aggregation. Chronic prenatal and postnatal exposure to airborne pollutants - such as particulate matter and heavy metals - may contribute to early formation of amyloid plaques through preadolescence. These processes may compromise synaptic plasticity and neural integrity, which can progressively induce cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dysregulation, sharing some pathological features traditionally associated with adult neurodegenerative diseases.Summary: The interactions between air pollution exposure levels, developmental timing, and factors such as genetic vulnerability associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are still undetermined. However, accelerated neurodegenerative processes leading to cognitive decline and suboptimal mental health in children and adolescents seem most likely linked with pollutants penetrating the blood-brain barrier, and inducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Urgent precautionary action might reduce environmental exposures during critical early developmental periods, thereby safeguarding children's cognitive function and mental health.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autoimmune dementia. 自身免疫性痴呆。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000980

Alessandro Dinoto, Eoin P Flanagan

{"title":"Autoimmune dementia.","authors":"Alessandro Dinoto, Eoin P Flanagan","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000980","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000980","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The aim of this review is to summarize clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in autoimmune dementia, to help clinicians in promptly identify this elusive condition.Recent findings: The rapid advances in the field of autoimmune neurology have led to the discovery of novel antibodies and associated disorders, which are more frequent than previously hypothesized. The correct and prompt identification of cognitive decline of autoimmune origin is vital to ensure early treatment and better outcomes. The diagnosis of autoimmune dementia relies on specific clinical and radiological features and on the detection of specific autoantibodies. Autoantibody specificities predict response to treatment and the occurrence of cancer. In recent years, the differential diagnosis of autoimmune dementia has become more relevant, as the overinterpretation of antibody results, clinical and radiological findings may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of autoimmune dementia, with potential harm to patients due to inappropriate exposure to immunosuppressants.Summary: Autoimmune dementia is a potentially treatable condition and should not be missed in clinical practice given the potential for reversibility with immunotherapy. The diagnosis of autoimmune dementia relies on a comprehensive review of clinical, radiological and laboratory data, and exclusion of other causes of dementia.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":"38 2","pages":"101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0