Dental Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"Comparative assessment of the long-term effects of 5% sodium fluoride varnishes with and without tricalcium phosphate on enamel microhardness of primary teeth: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Mohammadali Rahimi Zarchi, Mehrsa Paryab, Ghazaleh Baniebrahimi, Mohammad Javad Kharazifard","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_165_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_165_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental caries is among chronic childhood diseases. Fluoride varnish application is a suggested modality, which can reinforce the enamel and decrease the risk of caries. This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of three commercially available fluoride varnishes with and without tricalcium phosphate on the enamel microhardness of primary teeth.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this <i>in vitro</i> experimental study, 52 extracted primary molars were randomly assigned to four groups: no fluoride varnish application (control), and treatment with Ariadent, Parla, and Morvabon fluoride varnishes. After specimen preparation and artificial caries induction, the respective fluoride varnish was applied, and the teeth were subjected to remineralization-demineralization cycles at 37°C. The enamel microhardness was measured at baseline, after artificial caries induction, and 24 h and 45 days after the fluoride varnish application. The trend of change in the mean microhardness of the study groups was analyzed by repeated measures ananlysis of variance (alpha = 0.05) and Bonferroni correction. In the next step, the trend of change in microhardness (mean difference) was compared among the groups by the Tukey's HSD test at a 0.05 level of significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Enamel microhardness increased during the study period in all groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05), except for the control group. Intergroup comparison of long-term effects revealed that the increase in microhardness in the Parla group was significantly greater than that in the Ariadent (<i>P</i> = 0.01) and Morvabon (<i>P</i> = 0.006) groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this <i>in vitro</i> study indicated that application of Parla fluoride varnish, which contains tricalcium phosphate, increased the primary enamel microhardness, and had a more durable effect over time compared with the other two varnishes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13619109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects following the use of two different xenografts with a barrier membrane: A histological, histomorphometric, and micro-computed tomography study.","authors":"Maede Tamizi, Reza Birang, Ahmad Moghare Abed, Seyed Mohammad Razavi","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_120_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_120_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study compared bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects using two different xenografts with a barrier membrane by histological, histomorphometric, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analyses.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was designed as a single-blind interventional experimental animal study that conducted on 20 male New Zealand rabbits. The rabbits were anesthetized, a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap was elevated, and four bone defects with 8 mm diameter were created in their calvaria at the two sides of their midsagittal suture. Two defects were randomly filled with Bio-Oss and NOVA xenografts. The other two defects remained empty. Except for one control defect, the remaining three were covered with a resorbable membrane. Ten rabbits were sacrificed after 4 and the remaining 10 after 8 weeks. Histological sections underwent micro-CT and histological assessments for new bone formation, bone maturation, residual particles, degree of inflammation, foreign body reaction, and soft-tissue formation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentage of new bone formation increased at 8 weeks compared with 4 weeks and had a similar trend in Bio-Oss and NOVA groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The percentage of new bone formation was slightly higher in defects with membrane at 8 weeks (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The newly formed bone was a combination of woven and lamellar bone in all groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Micro-CT showed no significant difference in bone microstructure. The difference in other parameters was not significant among the groups either (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering the similar rate of new bone formation and residual particles, both Bio-Oss and NOVA may be successfully used as scaffold with a barrier membrane for regeneration of bone defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13619110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronal microleakage of two intraorifice bioceramic barriers in single-rooted premolars: <i>In vitro</i> study.","authors":"Saad Aslam, Heba Mohamed Abdelaal, Tarek M Elsewify, Bassem M Eid, Ranya F Elemam","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_75_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_75_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronal microleakage compromises the longevity of root-filled teeth. Intra-orifice barriers are used to reduce coronal ingress, but comparative performance among bioceramics remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the coronal microleakage of two bioceramic materials, NeoPutty and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Plus, used as intraorifice barriers in extracted human single-rooted premolars.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This randomized controlled <i>in vitro</i> experimental study included 50 extracted human single-rooted premolars, which were randomly allocated into four groups: two experimental groups (NeoPutty and MTA Plus; <i>n</i> = 20 each) and two control groups (positive and negative controls; <i>n</i> = 5 each). Following root canal preparation and obturation, intraorifice barriers were placed, and the samples were immersed in Rhodamine B dye for 48 h. The teeth were then sectioned buccolingually, and dye penetration was observed under a stereomicroscope (×16). Data were analyzed using an independent samples <i>t</i>-test with a significance level of <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean dye penetration with standard deviation (SD) was 5.49 (1.72) mm for NeoPutty and 5.21 (1.11) mm for MTA Plus; the difference was not statistically significant (NeoPutty - MTA Plus = 0.275 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.651-1.201; <i>t</i> = 0.60; <i>P</i> = 0.55).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both NeoPutty and MTA Plus showed similar coronal sealing effectiveness as intraorifice barriers in premolars. These results support the use of either material to enhance the coronal seal. Further studies incorporating aging protocols and alternative leakage models are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13619104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study esthetic restoration of maxillary central teeth: Optical properties and color coordination in young adults in Isfahan.","authors":"Ali Raddanipour, Mehrdad Kazemian, Sara Gholizadeh","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_554_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_554_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates the critical role of esthetics in restoring anterior teeth, particularly maxillary central teeth, emphasizing the need for restorations that closely mimic natural tooth appearance. Achieving visual harmony and precise color coordination across all tooth areas is essential, with the opalescent area and halo being vital for maintaining restoration integrity. While previous research has addressed tooth color and opalescent characteristics, this study aims to provide a deeper analysis of their optical properties (L, a, b) among individuals aged 20-30 years in Isfahan, using cross-polarized photography.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this descriptive analytical research involved 191 participants from the Faculty of Dentistry at Islamic Azad University of Isfahan, all without dental abnormalities or prior restorations. Data collection was conducted in three stages, starting with cross-polarized photographs of the central teeth, which were analyzed using Adobe Photoshop and Camera RAW software to extract the L, a, b components for both opalescent and halo areas, followed by statistical analysis using SPSS. Results showed that 51% of participants were female and 49% male, with all exhibiting an opalescent area and 57% having a halo area.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The opalescent area dimensions ranged from 0.20 to 0.83 mm, whereas the halo area ranged from 0.13 to 0.62 mm. Average values for L, a, and b in the opalescent zone were 68.94, 11.89, and 26.35, respectively, with mean ΔE values of 74.88 for the opalescent area and 77.52 for the halo zone. The opalescent zone was present in all participants, showing similar sizes across genders but slightly larger in men, whereas the halo zone was more common in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Men's teeth showed reddish and yellowish hues in the opalescent area, with no significant differences in the halo area, providing valuable insights for the design of aesthetic restorations and color coordination efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13619106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of infra-zygomatic area for ideal placement of miniscrews: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Nataleya Felix, Swapna Sreenivasagan","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_4_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_4_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The infrazygomatic crest (IZC) is a commonly used extra-alveolar site for orthodontic miniscrew placement because of its favorable anatomical position and relatively dense cortical bone. However, variations in bone thickness, insertion height, and angulation can influence the stability and success of miniscrew placement. To systematically evaluate and synthesize the available evidence on the infrazygomatic crest region to determine the most suitable site, insertion height, and angulation for orthodontic miniscrew placement.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and grey literature sources including Google Scholar and OpenGrey for studies published up to March 2023. Studies assessing cortical bone thickness and anatomical characteristics of the IZC relevant to miniscrew placement were included. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis, and nine studies providing quantitative data were included in the meta-analysis. Mean values and standard deviations of bone thickness and insertion height along the distobuccal root of the maxillary first molar at 70° angulation were extracted. Forest plots were generated to compare findings across studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Measurement Accuracy Studies (QUAMAS) tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the included studies, most reported adequate bone thickness in the region buccal to the maxillary first molar. Meta-analysis indicated that sufficient bone thickness is generally observed when miniscrews are inserted at an angulation of approximately 60°-70°. The optimal insertion height was commonly reported between 10 and 15 mm above the occlusal plane, where greater cortical bone thickness was observed. Increasing insertion angulation and decreasing insertion height were associated with improved bone engagement and primary stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current evidence suggests that the region buccal to the maxillary first molar in the infrazygomatic crest is the most favorable site for orthodontic miniscrew placement. An insertion angle of approximately 60°-70° and a height of 10-15 mm above the occlusal plane appear to provide optimal bone thickness and stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13516007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148825955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the efficacy of various files and irrigations on calcium hydroxide removal: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Paridokht Zarean, Tala Nejati, Maryam Zare Jahromi, Parichehr Zarean","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_434_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_434_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to assess how effective hand K-files and XP-Endo Finisher rotary files, combined with two different irrigation solutions (chlorhexidine [CHX] and sodium hypochlorite), are in eliminating calcium hydroxide (CH) from the walls of root canals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighty-two single-root canal teeth were included in this <i>in vitro</i> study. After decoronation, the root canals were prepared with master apical file #30, and to shape the coronal part, #1-3 Gates-Glidden drills were used. The specimens were divided into four experimental groups (<i>n</i> = 18) and two control groups (<i>n</i> = 5). In all groups except the negative control group, CH was applied to the root canal system, and the access cavity was temporarily restored with zinc oxide eugenol. The samples were incubated for 1 week at a temperature of 37°C and a humidity level of 100%. For CH removal, the experimental groups received different irrigation regimens and file types: group 1: hand K-file + 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, group 2: XP-Endo Finisher rotary file + 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, group 3: hand K-file + 0.12% CHX, and group 4: XP-Endo Finisher rotary file + 0.12% CHX. CH was not removed from the positive control group. The root canals were then longitudinally sectioned, and the remaining CH in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds was quantified using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way and two-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The XP-Endo Finisher rotary file and CHX irrigation resulted in significantly higher residual CH in the apical third (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Conversely, the lowest mean residual CH was observed in the coronal third with hand K-file and sodium hypochlorite irrigation (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Sodium hypochlorite exhibited superior effectiveness in CH removal compared to CHX (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no discernible advantage of using XP-Endo Finisher over hand K-file for the removal of CH. However, sodium hypochlorite proved to be more effective than CHX in achieving CH removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13516011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148825986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental service utilization trends in rural and semiurban health centers of Isfahan, Iran (2016-2021): A retrospective descriptive study.","authors":"Pourya Tatari, Reza Rezayatmand, Firoozeh Nilchian","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_716_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_716_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iran's oral health reform plan aimed to shift primary dental care toward prevention through the family dentist program, yet longitudinal evidence on real-world service mix is limited. We assessed 6-year trends in dental service utilization in rural and semiurban primary healthcare facilities in Isfahan, Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective, longitudinal, observational, descriptive study analyzed aggregated service counts extracted from Iran's integrated health system (SIB) for two healthcare networks in Isfahan from 2016 to 2021. We included Level 2 clinical procedures recorded under the family dentist program and categorized them as preventive (fluoride varnish, fissure sealants, and scaling) or curative/treatment (restorations, extractions, and pulpotomy). Trends were summarized using annual volumes, year-to-year percentage change, and the proportional share of preventive versus curative services. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; no inferential statistical tests were applied, and a significance threshold was not defined, given the descriptive nature of the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 133,075 Level 2 dental services were delivered over the study period. Utilization peaked in 2017 (28,290 services) and remained high in 2019 (28,027), suggesting a period of increased throughput during the implementation and maturation of the oral health reform package in primary health care, followed by a sharp decline in 2020 (11,215; -60.0% vs. 2019) and partial recovery in 2021 (20,691; +84.5% vs. 2020). Preventive share dropped to 7.2% in 2017, increased to 21.0% by 2019, and remained near 19% in 2020-2021. Health Center No. 2 delivered a higher cumulative volume than No. 1 (76,697 vs. 56,378 services). Permanent tooth extractions were the most frequent procedure (66,152), exceeding the total number of restorations (28,160).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite a stable preventive component in later years and postpandemic recovery, service delivery remained strongly treatment- and extraction-oriented, indicating a limited shift toward prevention within the primary care dental package.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13516008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148825973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the biplane three-dimensional miniplate design provide stable fixation for mandibular angle fractures? A clinical study and proposal for novel radiographic criteria.","authors":"Kazem Khiabani, Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq, Shahriyar Shabaninia","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_261_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_261_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The posterior anatomical position and complex biomechanics of mandibular angle fractures (MAF) make their management more complicated than other mandibular fractures. The shortcomings of semi-rigid and rigid fixations have led to the development of a biplane three-dimensional (3D) miniplate design to fixate angle fractures in two perpendicular planes. The aim is to determine whether using a Biplane 3D miniplate could provide a feasible, effective, and reliable fixation for displaced MAFs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective, quasi-experimental, clinical study was conducted on adult patients with displaced MAFs. The primary outcome (occlusion) and secondary clinical outcomes (fracture stability and adequate mouth opening) were recorded in the first 2 weeks and the 2^nd and 6^th months postoperative. Appropriate reduction (secondary outcome) was assessed with novel radiographic criteria in the vertical and horizontal planes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 and included Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests. The level of significance was set at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one patients with MAFs (nine isolated fractures) were operated on and followed for 3-6 months (mean: 4.95 months). Only two cases (9.52%) in the nonisolated fracture group showed mild occlusal derangement, which resolved with heavy elastic therapy. Adequate mouth opening was gradually resumed in both groups within the 1^st month. No postfixation complications were observed. Radiographic criteria measurement revealed 14.29% and 28.6% mild vertical and horizontal radiographic malalignment without detectable clinical signs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Biplane 3D miniplate fixation shows promising results in the management of MAFs with minimal complications, suggesting that it is safe and effective. Concomitant management of displaced mandibular fractures does not seem to affect treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13516014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148826036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of connector size and ceramic type on stress distribution in fixed partial denture with endocrown and inlay retainers: A finite element analysis.","authors":"Negin Aminianpour, Hakimeh Siadat, Marzieh Alikhasi","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_713_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_713_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present study aimed to evaluate endocrown and inlay as retainers of fixed partial denture (FPD) and to compare the effect of restoration design, ceramic type, and connector size on stress distribution using finite element analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cone-beam computed tomography of the patient was selected and entered into Catia v5-21 software for modeling. Then, FPD was designed to replace the second premolar. Three restoration materials including lithium disilicate (LDS), zirconia reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) and Zirconia (Zr) and three connector size including 4×4, 3×4, 3×3 mm, and in terms of preparation design as both retainer endocrown (EE), both inlay (II), first premolar inlay and first molar endocrown (IE), and first premolar endocrown and molar inlay (EI). Finally, the mechanical information was entered into the Ansys software (ANSYS Inc.). Then the mesh sub-regions were defined. Finally, a force of 300 Newton was applied vertically and at an oblique. Then, the maximum stress level and its location were compared and examined among the different study groups, and finally, the data were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The minimum stress level was observed in the EI-LDS with 3 × 4 connector size under vertical loading (55.1 MPa), and the highest stress level was observed in the IE-Zr with 3 × 4 connector dimension under oblique loading (558.8 Mpa). The lowest strain (0.5) was observed in the EI-Zr with 4 mm × 4 mm connector size under vertical loading. Conversely, the highest strain (4.1) was seen in the EE-LDS with a 4 mm × 3 mm connector under oblique loading.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Partial ceramic restorations may serve as effective conservative alternatives to conventional full crowns as retainers for posterior FPDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13516010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148826004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing orthodontic results with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound: A literature review.","authors":"Fereshteh Najarzadegan","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_599_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_599_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has gained recognition as a noninvasive, Food and Drug Administration-approved therapeutic modality with diverse clinical applications, including in orthodontics. This review aims to summarize the benefits and mechanisms of LIPUS in various aspects of orthodontic care.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library), focusing on randomized controlled trials, clinical studies, and experimental research from 2004 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LIPUS has been shown to significantly accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, reduce treatment duration by up to 49%, and improve patient compliance. It works by enhancing bone remodeling, stimulating osteoblast and osteoclast activity, and increasing the expression of bone-forming and resorptive proteins. LIPUS also addresses orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption, promoting the repair of cementum and reducing root damage through mechanisms involving osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-ligand signaling. Furthermore, LIPUS is effective in alleviating pain associated with orthodontic treatments by promoting tissue healing and reducing inflammation. In orthognathic surgery, LIPUS accelerates bone regeneration and tissue recovery, improving outcomes such as reduced swelling and enhanced bone healing. The application of LIPUS also supports the stability of miniscrews, a critical factor in orthodontic anchorage, by increasing bone-screw contact and reducing screw mobility. In addition, LIPUS enhances the effectiveness of functional orthopedic treatments in growing patients with skeletal malocclusions, promoting mandibular growth and improving treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, LIPUS proves to be a promising adjunct in orthodontics, with wide-ranging benefits including accelerated tooth movement, reduced root resorption, pain relief, and improved surgical recovery, making it an effective tool in contemporary orthodontic practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13293547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}