Dental Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, fluoride varnish, and diode laser on enamel microhardness.","authors":"Haleh Hali, Razieh Mahmoudi, Parastoo Namdar, Abolfazl Hosseinnataj, Alireza Sedighi","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_556_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_556_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Laser therapy with fluoride-containing material, such as casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), is a new technique for caries prevention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of CPP-ACP, fluoride varnish (FV), and diode laser (DL) on the microhardness of enamel.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This <i>in vitro</i> study involved 18 extracted human premolar teeth. The teeth were split into buccal and lingual halves. Baseline microhardness was measured using the Vickers hardness test before any intervention. The samples were randomly divided into seven groups (<i>n</i> = 5): (1) the GC Tooth Mousse (GCTM) group, (2) the MI Paste Plus (MIPP) group, (3) the DL group, (4) the FV group, (5) the DL + GCTM group, (6) the DL + MIPP group, and (7) the DL + FV group. The samples were then stored in artificial saliva for 1 h, immersed in demineralizing solution for 3 h, and in remineralizing solution for 21 h, repeated over 12 days. Finally, the samples remained in the remineralizing solution for an additional 2 days. The final microhardness was measured on day 14. Mean and standard deviation values summarized the data, with paired <i>t</i>-tests and analysis of covariance used to compare the groups' microhardness before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, with a significance level set at < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean microhardness of all teeth was significantly changed after the intervention (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The FV (11.09%) and FV + DL (9.89%) groups had a minimum reduction in microhardness, while the GCTM group (38.2%) showed a maximum reduction. DL irradiation before using remineralizing agents increased microhardness in the GCTM + DL and FV + DL groups. However, a decrease in the microhardness of the MIPP + DL group was observed after DL irradiation. No significant difference was observed in the mean microhardness of the DL + GCTM, DL + MIPP, and DL + FV groups compared to the GCTM, MIPP, and FV groups, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using DL along with FV or GCTM can have a synergic effect on the amount of microhardness. Although this effect was not observed in the DL + MIPP group, FV has a positive effect on tooth microhardness.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13293544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of using silver diamine fluoride at two different times on the microshear bond strength of adhesives to sound and caries-affected dentin.","authors":"Kimiya Sadeghpour, Mohammadreza Malekipour, Farzaneh Shirani","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_321_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_321_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this laboratory study was to investigate the immediate and delayed effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of two types of sixth-generation self-etch and universal etch-and-rinse (ER) adhesives to sound dentin (SD) and Caries-Affected Dentin (CD).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this experimental study, 120 human third molars were selected, half of which had occlusal caries. First, the occlusal enamel was removed, and SD and CD surrounded by SD were exposed. The samples were divided into three groups. In the first group, SDF was not used; in the second group, SDF was applied, and in the third group, after applying SDF, the samples were incubated in artificial saliva for 1 month. The sixth-generation self-etch adhesive was used in half of the samples, and the universal ER adhesive was used in the other half. The μSBS of the samples was measured, and the strength and type of failure were investigated. The data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest mean shear bond strength was observed in the SD without SDF and Clearfil Liner Bond (LB), and the lowest mean shear bond strength was observed in the CD, LB, and Aged SDF. The bond strength was lower in the CD than in the SD (<i>P</i> < 0.001). In CD, SDF caused a slight increase in the immediate μSBS, which was not significant in any of the bonding systems. Bond strength in the SD with Aged SDF was significantly higher in All Bond (AB) Universal than in LB (<i>P</i> = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Applying SDF to SD, regardless of the type of bond, decreases the bond strength, while it increases the bond strength of CD. If SDF is used in SD, it is better to use AB and ER bonding systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13293541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of nanoparticles on the mechanical and physical properties of maxillofacial silicones: A literature review.","authors":"Mohammad Jowkar, Ammar Neshati, Shima Firouzi, Mona Esmaeili","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_357_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_357_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the 1960s, silicone has been the material of choice for maxillofacial prostheses due to its biocompatibility and favorable mechanical properties. However, reduced strength, color instability, and susceptibility to ultraviolet and oxygen degradation limit its longevity. Nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO), SiO₂, and ZrO₂, have been introduced to enhance silicone's resistance to environmental stress, abrasion, and photodegradation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This systematic review assessed the influence of nanoparticles on the properties of maxillofacial silicones. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies included systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in the past decade, focusing on the effect of nanoparticles on the mechanical and physical performance of silicones. Data were analyzed according to nanoparticle type and reported outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six categories of nanoparticles were identified across the reviewed studies. The most frequently examined were TiO₂, ZnO, SiO₂, and ZrO₂, while others included ZrSiO₄, TiSiO₄, Ag-Zn Zeolite, and Al₂O₃. Findings demonstrated improvements in tensile strength, hardness, flexibility, compressive resistance, and color stability. Nanoparticles also enhanced resistance to aging and environmental changes, while some (e.g., Ag-Zn Zeolite) provided antimicrobial effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating nanoparticles into maxillofacial silicones considerably enhances their mechanical, physical, and biological properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13293534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological assessment of budding, depth of invasion, and grading in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Correlation with regional metastasis.","authors":"Mohammed Abidullah","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_515_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_515_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Assessment of budding and grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) establishes the prerequisite for its management as the first step toward personalized management. The inclusion of depth of invasion (DOI) and its regional metastasis provides a holistic approach to the treatment of this devastating lesion.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The present study is a descriptive analytical study of 80 diagnosed cases of OSCC. Only OSCC cases with both preoperative and corresponding postoperative tissue sections, along with relevant clinical information, were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The budding and depth (BD) score demonstrated strong predictive accuracy for lymph node metastasis (LNM), with a sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 70.0%. The positive predictive value was 76.9%, whereas the negative predictive value was 77.8%. The 95% confidence interval ranged from 0.65 to 0.85, underscoring the reliability of this predictive model. These findings highlight the BD score as a valuable tool for anticipating LNM. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between BD scores and several clinical parameters. The budding score showed a moderate correlation with tumor size (<i>r</i> = 0.45) and lymph node involvement (<i>r</i> = 0.60), both statistically significant at <i>P</i> < 0.05. Similarly, the DOI exhibited significant correlations with tumor size (<i>r</i> = 0.55) and lymph node involvement (<i>r</i> = 0.65). Chi-square test employed to calculate <i>P</i> value. <i>P</i> <0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate a strong correlation between higher BD scores and greater lymph node involvement, as well as deeper tumor invasion, pointing to more aggressive tumor characteristics, proving it to be an effective tool for clinical prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13293538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of marginal and internal fit of multi-unit fixed dental prostheses: A systematic review and meta-analysis of conventional versus digital impressions.","authors":"Anamika Sinha, Gunjan Srivastava, Sangram Kumar Panda, Abhilash Mohapatra, Naghma Tabarak, Gopal Krishna Choudhury","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_604_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_604_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incorporation of digital techniques has gained popularity in the fabrication of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) over the last decade; however, limited evidence exists regarding the marginal and internal fit when using conventional versus digital impression techniques. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the marginal and internal fit of tooth-supported multi-unit FDPs produced from conventional and digital impressions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus. A meta-analysis was conducted using the standardized mean differences (SMDs) to quantify the effect sizes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies, three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 11 <i>in vitro</i> were included in the review, all complying with the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that multi-unit FDPs fabricated using digital impressions generally exhibited improved marginal and internal fit compared with those produced using conventional impressions. In the RCT subgroup, digital impressions showed a trend toward improved marginal fit (SMD: -0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.64-0.14) and statistically significant improvement for internal fit (SMD: -0.15; 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.24). In contrast, <i>in vitro</i> studies demonstrated statistically significant superiority of digital impressions for both marginal fit (SMD: -0.81; 95% CI: -1.06, -0.56) and internal fit (SMD: -0.52; 95% CI: -0.79 to -0.24).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although digitalized impressions demonstrated statistically superior marginal and internal fit compared with conventional impressions, the observed differences should be interpreted with caution. Most outcomes remained within clinically acceptable limits. Among the intraoral scanners, the Trios system showed a trend toward improved marginal fit.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13293552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of neural network models in detecting oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer using mobile photographs: An umbrella review.","authors":"P D Madan Kumar, Rajeshwari Selvam, Sasidharan Sivakumar, C Lavanya, Ranganathan Kannan","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_172_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_172_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral cancer (OC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) remain major global public health challenges, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. Although early detection substantially improves prognosis, limited healthcare infrastructure restricts timely diagnosis. Artificial intelligence (AI) enabled, mobile phone-based diagnostic systems offer a promising, accessible solution, and multiple systematic reviews have demonstrated their potential. However, uncertainty persists regarding the comparative performance of AI models across diverse real-world settings.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>An umbrella review was aimed at evaluating the comparative performance of different AI models in detecting OC and OPMD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This research identified six systematic reviews from databases such as Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE through October 2024 which were checked at the title, abstract, and full-text levels. The risk of bias (ROB) was then assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's ROB assessment tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across included reviews, pooled sensitivity and specificity for AI-based detection ranged from 88% to 92%, with reported diagnostic odds ratios ranging from 114 to 2549, indicating strong discriminatory performance. Deep learning architectures such as EfficientNet and ResNet consistently demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, while hybrid approaches (e.g., MLSO + SVM) showed promising performance in selected analyses. However, substantial heterogeneity was observed across studies (<i>I</i> ² often >85%), reflecting variability in populations, image acquisition protocols, and model architectures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Deep learning models like EfficientNet and ResNet are favored in clinical diagnostics for their exceptional performance and adaptability. Hybrid approaches, such as MLSO + SVM, also show great potential by combining the strengths of traditional and modern methods effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13293551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial synergy of <i>Salvadora persica</i>, clove, and propolis against oral pathogens: Relevance to dental applications.","authors":"Farzaneh Sotoudegan, Zahra Narimany, Mahnaz Khanavi, Hossein Jamalifar, Nasrin Samadi","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_242_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_242_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of natural plant extracts to combat pathogenic bacteria offers a promising approach to preventing microbial resistance. This study explores the synergistic antimicrobial effects of <i>Salvadora persica</i>, propolis, and clove extracts against <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was an <i>in vitro</i> experimental study designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and synergistic interactions of ethanol extracts of <i>S. persica</i>, clove, and propolis against <i>S. mutans</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> using agar dilution and checkerboard assays. The chemical composition of the extracts was analyzed using Soxhlet and accelerated solvent extraction methods, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The minimum inhibitory concentration values for <i>S. persica</i>, clove, and propolis against <i>S. mutans</i> were 4.5 mg/ml, 9 mg/ml, and 2.2 mg/ml, respectively, and for <i>C. albicans</i>, 4.5 mg/ml for <i>S. persica</i> and clove, and 1.1 mg/ml for propolis. Combinations of these extracts demonstrated synergistic effects with fractional inhibitory concentration indexes ranging from 0.3 to 1.5 against both pathogens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that combining plant extracts with propolis may offer an effective strategy for treating oral infections. Given the role of <i>S. mutans</i> in dental caries, these findings support the potential use of these natural compounds in preventive and therapeutic dental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13293540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The changes of chemical exposure and control measures in general dental offices in Isfahan city, Iran, in 2001-2023.","authors":"Hanane Radanipoor, Mansour Rismanchian, Saeid Yazdanirad, Shahrem Shayan, Masoud Rismanchian","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_656_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_656_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to chemical substances is one of the occupational hazards among dentists. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes in chemical exposure and control measures in general dental offices in Isfahan city, Iran, from 2001 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was performed with a repeated cross-sectional design. 184 offices were surveyed in 2001 and 250 offices in 2003. Data were collected by a researcher-made checklist. This tool has four parts, including questions related to demographic characteristics, questions related to the time period of exposure, questions related to exposure type and its consequences, and questions related to control measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that although the use of some chemicals has increased or remained unchanged, the use of most chemicals, such as resin-based dental restorative materials, acid etch materials, latex, dental plaster, common disinfectants, and hand hygiene products, has decreased in 2023 compared to 2001 (<i>P</i> < 0.028). Moreover, the results indicated that professional control measures, including education, personal protective equipment, engineering control, and several measures, have significantly improved in 2023 compared to those in 2001 (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of improving workplace conditions, implementing control measures, and applying less hazardous materials in dental offices.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13293539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical study of glucose transporter protein expression in oral lichen planus.","authors":"Layla Sabri Yas, Abeer Salah Salman, Zena Abdulhussain","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_411_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_411_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory disease that is somewhat frequently manifested in various clinical forms: reticular OLP (ROLP) and erosive OLP (EOLP), and some cases are associated with dysplasia. Higher risk of malignant transformation has been linked to dysplastic alterations in OLP. Glucose transporter protein (GLUT1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein associated with increased glucose metabolism and proliferation of cells. This study's objective was to analyze and compare the expression patterns of GLUT1 in EOLP, ROLP, and lichen planus-related dysplasia in an attempt to acquire improved knowledge of the molecular pathways that underlie the etiology and advancement of OLP.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, analysis of GLUT1 expression was done in 32 samples of OLP (16 for ROLP, 10 for EOLP, and 6 for OLP with dysplasia) with immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi-square and F-tests, with significance set at <i>P</i> < 0.05. The immune GLUT-1 expression was evaluated semi-quantitatively and qualitatively at ×100 magnification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean percentage of GLUT1-positive cells in ROLP (16.53 ± 11.72) was lower than that in EOLP and OLP with dysplasia. Among the three groups, there was a significant difference in terms of staining intensity, intracellular location, and extent of GLUT1 immunoexpression within the epithelium layers (0.000, 0.034, and 0.006, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GLUT1 overexpression reflects increased glycolytic activity of proliferating cells in response to hypoxia and high energy requirements in EOLP and OLP-related dysplasia. GLUT1 expression may predict the malignant potential of OLP toward oral squamous cell carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13293537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of shear bond strength of sixth- and fourth-generation adhesives in primary teeth.","authors":"Maryam Hajiahmadi, Najmeh Akhlaghi, Hamid Mosleh, Ehsan Samani, Sheida Bagheri, Zohreh Salehi","doi":"10.4103/drj.drj_91_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/drj.drj_91_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of tooth-colored restorations, particularly composite resins, in the treatment of primary teeth has become increasingly common. The durability and clinical success of these restorations largely depend on the adhesive system and its application protocol. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review the literature comparing the shear bond strength of sixth-generation self-etch adhesives with that of fourth-generation etch-and-rinse adhesives in primary teeth.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases using relevant keywords. Out of 162 initially identified studies, 72 in-vitro studies comparing the shear bond strength of sixth- and fourth-generation adhesives on human primary teeth were screened. After assessing eligibility based on study objectives, population, sample selection, participation rate, available variables, data collection methods, statistical analyses, and results, five studies underwent full-text analysis. Ultimately, four studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were observed in the shear bond strength between the two adhesive systems. However, minor variations were noted. Moreover, none of the included studies evaluated the long-term performance of these adhesives.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the high heterogeneity and risk of bias among the included studies, the evidence suggests that fourth-generation adhesives may exhibit slightly better shear bond strength compared to sixth-generation self-etch systems in laboratory settings. Nonetheless, due to reduced application time and technique sensitivity, self-etch systems may be preferable for pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11016,"journal":{"name":"Dental Research Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13021161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147572710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}