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Current Opinion in Neurobiology最新文献

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Sources of behavioral variability in C. elegans: Sex differences, individuality, and internal states 秀丽隐杆线虫行为变异的来源：性别差异、个性和内部状态
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.102984
Steven W. Flavell , Meital Oren-Suissa , Shay Stern
{"title":"Sources of behavioral variability in C. elegans: Sex differences, individuality, and internal states","authors":"Steven W. Flavell ,&nbsp;Meital Oren-Suissa ,&nbsp;Shay Stern","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.102984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.102984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal behavior varies across different timescales. This includes rapid shifts in behavior as animals transition between states and long-term changes that develop throughout an organism’s life. This review presents the contributions of sex differences, individuality, and internal states to behavioral variability in the roundworm <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>. Sex is determined by chromosome composition, which directs neuronal development through gene regulation and experience to shape dimorphic behaviors. Genetically identical individuals within the same sex and reared in the same conditions still display distinctive, long-lasting behavioral traits that are controlled by neuromodulatory systems. At all life stages, internal states within the individual, shaped by external factors like food and stress, modulate behavior over minutes to hours. The interplay between these factors gives rise to rich behavioral diversity in <em>C. elegans</em>. These factors impact behavior in a sequential manner, as genetic sex, individuality, and internal states influence behavior over progressively finer timescales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102984"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Large brains: Big unknowns in cellular neuroscience 大大脑：细胞神经科学的大未知数
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.102981
Michael Brecht
{"title":"Large brains: Big unknowns in cellular neuroscience","authors":"Michael Brecht","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.102981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.102981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contemporary cellular neuroscience is strong on small but weak on large brains. Large brains have lower neuronal densities than smaller brains. We outline opposing functional interpretations of this result. Analysis of human brains supports the idea that dendritic complexity matters and might even correlate with intellectual ability. Cortical connectomics revealed an elaboration of disinhibitory motifs in human brains. There is disagreement as to whether glia-to-neuron ratios differ between small and large brains. The elaborate myeloarchitecture of the human brain has long been recognized and novel evidence indicates myelin might play nonconventional structural functions in larger brains. Three-dimensional body-part models in the cortex of tactile specialists point to the significance of the three-dimensional structure of cortical networks. The comparative assessment of brain performance remains one of the biggest challenges in neurobiology. Understanding cellular differences between small and large brains is a neglected, yet fundamental issue for neuroscience and translation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102981"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Eligibility traces as a synaptic substrate for learning 适性是学习的突触基础
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.102978
Harel Z. Shouval , Alfredo Kirkwood
{"title":"Eligibility traces as a synaptic substrate for learning","authors":"Harel Z. Shouval ,&nbsp;Alfredo Kirkwood","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.102978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.102978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animals can learn to associate a behavior or a stimulus with a delayed reward, this is essential for survival. A mechanism proposed for bridging this gap are synaptic eligibility traces, which are slowly decaying tags, which can lead to synaptic plasticity if followed by rewards. Recently, experiments have demonstrated the existence of synaptic eligibility traces in diverse neural systems, depending on either neuromodulators or plateau potentials. Evidence for both eligibility trace-dependent potentiation and depression of synaptic efficacies has emerged. We discuss the commonalities and differences of these different results. We show why the existence of both potentiation and depression is important because these opposing forces can lead to a synaptic stopping rule. Without a stopping rule, synapses would saturate at their upper bound thus leading to a loss of selectivity and representational power. We discuss the possible underlying mechanisms of the eligibility traces as well as their functional and theoretical significance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102978"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Arc – A viral vector of memory and synaptic plasticity” Arc -记忆和突触可塑性的病毒载体
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.102979
Kaelan R. Sullivan, Alicia Ravens, Alicia C. Walker, Jason D. Shepherd
{"title":"“Arc – A viral vector of memory and synaptic plasticity”","authors":"Kaelan R. Sullivan,&nbsp;Alicia Ravens,&nbsp;Alicia C. Walker,&nbsp;Jason D. Shepherd","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.102979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.102979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Learning induces gene expression and memory consolidation requires new protein synthesis. Many of these activity-induced genes are transcription factors. One of the exceptions is a key immediate early gene, <em>Arc</em>, which has been implicated in several forms of synaptic plasticity and is critical for long-term memory formation. Recently, Arc was discovered to have retroviral properties, such as the ability to form virus-like capsids, that were repurposed from an ancient retrotransposon. Arc capsids are released in extracellular vesicles that mediate intercellular communication. Here, we review Arc’s role in synaptic plasticity and propose a model for how Arc mediates memory consolidation via a novel intercellular non-cell autonomous form of long-term depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102979"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The convoluted path leading to neuronal circuit formation 导致神经元回路形成的迂回路径。
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102941
Carla G. Silva
{"title":"The convoluted path leading to neuronal circuit formation","authors":"Carla G. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2024.102941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2024.102941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A limiting step of neuronal circuit formation is the extensive migration of interneurons from their birthplace to populate territories formed by excitatory neurons. Interneuron dynamics in the developing brain culminates with the organization of interneuron subtypes in specific configurations within layers of brain tissue. Decoding the logic behind these configurations is still matter of passionate debate. Do interneurons follow a sketched program from the progenitor state or is this organization sculpted from intricate cellular interactions? How do interneurons select interacting partners? How does interneuron diversity emerge? New technologies and access to brain tissue from different species are allowing us to reconstruct stone by stone, the convoluted path leading to the formation of neuronal cell assemblies made of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The most recent research highlights that interneuron subtype circuit integration needs to be assessed case by case. Here, I highlight the need to keep delving into the complexities of interneuron interaction with their environment during development to accomplish this Herculean task.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neurobiological mechanisms of forgetting across timescales 跨时间尺度遗忘的神经生物学机制。
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.102972
Mitchell L. de Snoo , Paul W. Frankland
{"title":"Neurobiological mechanisms of forgetting across timescales","authors":"Mitchell L. de Snoo ,&nbsp;Paul W. Frankland","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.102972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.102972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Every species in the animal kingdom that learns, also forgets. Despite this balance between learning and forgetting, most neuroscientific explorations of memory have focused on how learning occurs, with recent studies identifying engrams as putative biological substrates for memory. Here we review an emerging literature that, in contrast, explores how our brains forget. These studies reveal that forgetting engages a broad collection of mechanisms that function to reduce engram accessibility. However, changes in accessibility emerge on vastly different timescales. At short timescales, forgetting is modulated by fluctuations in brain states that alter engram accessibility in a moment-to-moment fashion. In the intermediate- and long-term, forgetting depends, in part, on mechanisms that rewire engrams, rendering them gradually harder to access. Viewed this way, forgetting encompasses a family of plasticity mechanisms that modulate engram accessibility, perhaps in order to prioritize those memories that are most timely or relevant to the situation at hand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102972"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phase separation in the multi-compartment organization of synapses 突触多室组织中的相分离。
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.102975
Shihan Zhu , Zeyu Shen , Xiandeng Wu , Mingjie Zhang
{"title":"Phase separation in the multi-compartment organization of synapses","authors":"Shihan Zhu ,&nbsp;Zeyu Shen ,&nbsp;Xiandeng Wu ,&nbsp;Mingjie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.102975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.102975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A neuronal synapse is formed by juxtaposition of a transmitter releasing presynaptic bouton of one neuron with a transmitter receiving postsynaptic compartment such as a spine protrusion of another neuron. Each presynaptic bouton and postsynaptic spine, though very small in their volumes already, are further compartmentalized to micro-/nano-domains with distinct molecular organizations and synaptic functions. This review summarizes studies in recent years demonstrating that multivalent protein–protein interaction-induced phase separation underlies formation and coexistence of multiple distinct molecular condensates within tiny synapses. In post-synapses where synaptic compartmentalization via phase separation was first demonstrated, phase separation allows clustering of transmitter receptors into distinct nanodomains and renders postsynaptic densities to be regulated by synaptic stimulation signals for plasticity. In pre-synapses, such phase separation-mediated synaptic condensates formation allows SVs to be stored as distinct pools and directly transported for activity-induced transmitter release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102975"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Signaling in autism: Relevance to nutrients and sex 自闭症中的信号：与营养和性有关。
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102962
Yi-Ping Hsueh
{"title":"Signaling in autism: Relevance to nutrients and sex","authors":"Yi-Ping Hsueh","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2024.102962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2024.102962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are substantially heterogeneous neuropsychiatric conditions with over a thousand associated genetic factors and various environmental influences, such as infection and nutrition. Additionally, males are four times more likely than females to be affected. This heterogeneity underscores the need to uncover common molecular features within ASD. Recent studies have revealed interactions among genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and sex that may be critical to ASD etiology. This review focuses on emerging evidence for the impact of nutrients—particularly zinc and amino acids—on ASD, as demonstrated in mouse models and human studies. These nutrients have been shown to influence synaptic signaling, dendritic spine formation, and behaviors linked to autism. Furthermore, sex-based differences in nutritional requirements, especially for zinc and amino acids, may contribute to the observed male bias in autism, indicating that interactions between nutrients and genetic factors could be integral to understanding and potentially mitigating ASD symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102962"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bridging the fields of cognition and birdsong with corvids 用鸦类架起认知和鸟鸣领域的桥梁。
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102965
Diana A. Liao, Felix W. Moll, Andreas Nieder
{"title":"Bridging the fields of cognition and birdsong with corvids","authors":"Diana A. Liao,&nbsp;Felix W. Moll,&nbsp;Andreas Nieder","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2024.102965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2024.102965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corvids, readily adaptable across social and ecological contexts, successfully inhabit almost the entire world. They are seen as highly intelligent birds, and current research examines their cognitive abilities. Despite being songbirds with a complete ‘song system’, corvids have historically received less attention in studies of song production, learning, and perception compared to non-corvid songbirds. However, recent neurobiological studies have demonstrated that songbird vocal production and its neuronal representations are regularly influenced by environmental and cognitive factors. This opinion article discusses the literature on ‘corvid song’ before introducing other flexible vocal behaviors of corvids in both the wild and controlled laboratory studies. We suggest corvids with their flexible vocal control as promising model species to study the links between brain networks for cognition and vocalization. Studying corvid vocal flexibility and associated cognitive processes in both ecological and lab settings offers complementary insights, crucial for bridging the fields of cognition and birdsong.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Animal models of the human brain: Successes, limitations, and alternatives 人类大脑的动物模型：成功、局限和选择
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102969
Nancy Kanwisher
{"title":"Animal models of the human brain: Successes, limitations, and alternatives","authors":"Nancy Kanwisher","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2024.102969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2024.102969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The last three decades of research in human cognitive neuroscience have given us an initial “parts list” for the human mind in the form of a set of cortical regions with distinct and often very specific functions. But current neuroscientific methods in humans have limited ability to reveal exactly what these regions represent and compute, the causal role of each in behavior, and the interactions among regions that produce real-world cognition. Animal models can help to answer these questions when homologues exist in other species, like the face system in macaques. When homologues do not exist in animals, for example for speech and music perception, and understanding of language or other people's thoughts, intracranial recordings in humans play a central role, along with a new alternative to animal models: artificial neural networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102969"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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