Current Hypertension Reports最新文献

{"title":"Underlying Mechanisms and Treatment of Hypertension in Glomerular Diseases.","authors":"Sahar H Koubar, Alejandro Garcia-Rivera, Muner M B Mohamed, John E Hall, Michael E Hall, Mohamed Hassanein","doi":"10.1007/s11906-023-01287-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11906-023-01287-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to explore the underlying mechanisms that lead to hypertension in glomerular diseases and the advancements in treatment strategies and to provide clinicians with valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms and evidence-based therapeutic approaches for managing hypertension in patients with glomerular diseases.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In recent years, there have been remarkable advancements in our understanding of the immune and non-immune mechanisms that are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in glomerular diseases. Furthermore, this review will encompass the latest data on management strategies, including RAAS inhibition, endothelin receptor blockers, SGLT2 inhibitors, and immune-based therapies. Hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of mortality in glomerular diseases. The latter are intricately related with hypertension and share common pathophysiological mechanisms. Hypertension in glomerular disease represents a complex and multifaceted interplay between kidney dysfunction, immune-mediated, and non-immune-mediated pathology. Understanding the complex mechanisms involved in this relationship has evolved significantly over the years, shedding light on the pathophysiological processes underlying the development and progression of glomerular disease-associated HTN, and is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies and improving patients' outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":" ","pages":"119-130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138046521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for Identifying Patients for Deprescribing of Blood Pressure Medications in Routine Practice: An Evidence Review","authors":"James P. Sheppard, Athanase Benetos, Jonathan Bogaerts, Danijela Gnjidic, Richard J. McManus","doi":"10.1007/s11906-024-01293-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-024-01293-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>To summarise the evidence regarding which patients might benefit from deprescribing antihypertensive medications.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Older patients with frailty, multi-morbidity and subsequent polypharmacy are at higher risk of adverse events from antihypertensive treatment, and therefore may benefit from antihypertensive deprescribing. It is possible to examine an individual’s risk of these adverse events, and use this to identify those people where the benefits of treatment may be outweighed by the harms. While such patients might be considered for deprescribing, the long-term effects of this treatment strategy remain unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Evidence now exists to support identification of those who are at risk of adverse events from antihypertensive treatment. These patients could be targeted for deprescribing interventions, although the long-term benefits and harms of this approach are unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Perspectives</h3><p>Randomised controlled trials are still needed to examine the long-term effects of deprescribing in high-risk patients with frailty and multi-morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139664801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Narrative Review of the Effects of Mindfulness on Sleep and Hypertension.","authors":"Daniel A Kusko, Jason Blake, Rebecca Williams","doi":"10.1007/s11906-023-01279-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11906-023-01279-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The prevalence of both insomnia and hypertension in the general population is vast and the health implications to individuals and society are costly. The current pharmacological treatment options for insomnia and hypertension are limited and patients are becoming increasingly interested in non-pharmacological treatment options. Mindfulness, a disciplined mental training practice rooted in Eastern traditions, has become a widely popular treatment method for multiple chronic health problems. The aim of this paper was to review research on mindfulness-based intervention effects on sleep, insomnia, and hypertension from the past 3 years. Theoretical foundations of mindfulness are discussed. Empirical evidence and potential mechanisms of how mindfulness impacts sleep and hypertension are provided.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Our findings suggest that mindfulness-based interventions are safe and effective for people with insomnia and hypertension. We saw consistent, albeit small to moderate, effects of mindfulness-based interventions on reducing insomnia symptoms, improving sleep quality, and lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. While mindfulness interventions have shown to be effective for improving sleep and lowering hypertension, future research is needed to further evaluate their efficacy on larger samples of patient populations with long-term follow-up measures. These high-quality studies could help researchers and clinicians identify treatment response tendencies in patient populations which can lead to better tailoring of mindfulness-based interventions for specific health concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":" ","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71434065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Timing of Intense Physical Activity on Hypertension Risk in a General Population: A UK-Biobank Study.","authors":"Xiaying Li, Jingjing Zeng, Bo Chen, Menglin Fan, Jie Wang, Lingqi Wei, Yong Ren, Shaoyong Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11906-023-01278-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11906-023-01278-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>It has recently been suggested that the timing of exercise is important in the subsequent development of hypertension. We used the UK Biobank database which prospectively collates data in over 500,000 people aged between 40 and 69 years to determine the relationship between the chronoactivity pattern of exercise and the risk of incident hypertension.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We analyzed data from 70,617 participants with 7-day Axivity AX3 triaxial accelerometry information available. Comparisons were made by a K-means clustering analysis separating groups according to the daily timing of physical activity and intensity. Subgroup, sensitivity analyses, and Cox proportional hazard model were performed. The mean age of the cohort was 61.17 (± 7.89) years with 40.05% men, and there was a mean follow-up of 7.54 (± 1.65) years. Participants were separated into 4 clusters with 6341 developing hypertension. Cluster 1 (early morning physical activity) and Cluster 2 (early morning and later physical activity) had a significantly reduced risk of incident hypertension (adjusted HR 0.870 [95%CI 0.812-0.932) vs. 0.895 [95%CI 0.825-0.972], respectively) when compared with Cluster 3 (physical activity intensity spread evenly throughout the day). Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 cases with High Intensity physical activity had a lower risk of hypertension; however, Low Intensity physical activity in Cluster 1 still reduced the risk of incident hypertension. There was a lower risk of hypertension in Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 in both morning and evening sleep chronotypes. The development of incident hypertension is significantly reduced in those who engage in some level of physical activity earlier in the day. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a global problem with a high economic health burden that has been shown to be a major risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular, and kidney disease. Our study has used a large maintained UK biological database to determine the impact of physical exercise on reducing the subsequent development of hypertension during follow-up from data provided by more than 70,000 participants. When we segregated patients into clusters of exercise timing, we found that the risk of developing hypertension over time was reduced for patients who performed exercise earlier in the morning than at other times of the day. This benefit was still evident even when the intensity of regular physical activity was low.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":" ","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72013879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Significance of Nocturnal Hypertension and Nighttime Blood Pressure Dipping in Hypertension.","authors":"Panagiota Anyfanti, Anastasia Malliora, Agapi Chionidou, Konstantinos Mastrogiannis, Antonios Lazaridis, Eugenia Gkaliagkousi","doi":"10.1007/s11906-023-01277-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11906-023-01277-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This narrative review article aims to discuss more recent evidence, current challenges, and future perspectives regarding the clinical importance of nocturnal hypertension and nighttime blood pressure dipping, with particular reference to diagnosis, prognostic value, and therapeutic approach.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The importance of nighttime blood pressure and nighttime blood pressure dipping has been demonstrated in decades. Increased nighttime blood pressure has been acknowledged as an unfavorable clinical trait. However, more recent evidence suggests that the abolishment of normal circadian blood pressure rhythm is not always a solid predictor of adverse cardiovascular events and needs to be interpreted in the light of each patients' individual characteristics. Physicians treating hypertensive patients with adverse nighttime blood pressure profiles often face the dilemma of chronotherapy. This has been a blurred field for years, yet very recent evidence from appropriately designed studies attempts to shed light on this puzzling question. As 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is being increasingly recommended and applied in real-world practice for the diagnosis and monitoring of hypertension, information on nighttime blood pressure and nocturnal dipping profile is collected but is not always easy to interpret.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":" ","pages":"69-80"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71421566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Conducting Clinical Trials for Preeclampsia.","authors":"T Caroline Bank, Diana Kline, Maged M Costantine","doi":"10.1007/s11906-023-01276-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11906-023-01276-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To review recent data describing the challenges and innovations in therapeutic research focused on the prevention and treatment of preeclampsia.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Pregnant individuals have traditionally been excluded from therapeutic research, resulting in a paucity of innovation in therapeutics for pregnancy-specific medical conditions, especially preeclampsia. With the increased awareness of maternal morbidity and mortality, there is significant interest among researchers to expand therapeutic research in pregnancy. Several medications, including aspirin, pravastatin, metformin, and esomeprazole, which are commonly used in non-pregnant populations, are now being investigated for preeclampsia prevention. However, given the historic precedent of exclusion, along with the regulatory, ethical, and feasibility concerns that accompany this population, the study of these and novel medications has been complicated by numerous challenges. While complex, and laden with challenges, there is great ongoing need for therapeutic research to address preeclampsia. Aspirin, pravastatin, metformin, and esomeprazole have all shown promise as potential therapeutic agents; however, their use remains to be optimized, and innovative therapeutics need to be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":" ","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136396770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Dipping Blood Pressure or Nocturnal Hypertension: Does One Matter More?","authors":"Amber Tang, Eugene Yang, Joseph E Ebinger","doi":"10.1007/s11906-023-01273-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11906-023-01273-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Nocturnal hypertension and non-dipping are both associated with increased cardiovascular risk; however, debate remains over which is a better prognosticator of cardiovascular outcomes. This review explores current literature on nocturnal hypertension and non-dipping to assess their relationship to cardiovascular disease and implications for clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>While current data remain inconclusive, some suggest that nocturnal hypertension is a more reliable and clinically significant marker of cardiovascular risk than non-dipping status. Importantly, reducing nocturnal HTN and non-dipping through chronotherapy, specifically evening dosing of antihypertensives, has not been conclusively shown to provide long-term cardiovascular benefits. Recent data suggests that non-dipping, compared to nocturnal hypertension, may be falling out of favor as a prognostic indicator for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, additional information is needed to understand how aberrant nighttime blood pressure patterns modulate cardiovascular risk to guide clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":" ","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10796526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89717252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure Building Against the Clock: The Impact of Circadian Misalignment on Blood Pressure.","authors":"Brooke M Shafer, Sophia A Kogan, Andrew W McHill","doi":"10.1007/s11906-023-01274-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11906-023-01274-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Misalignment between the endogenous biological timing system and behavioral activities (i.e., sleep/wake, eating, activity) contributes to adverse cardiovascular health. In this review, we discuss the effects of recurring circadian misalignment on blood pressure regulation and the implications for hypertension development. Additionally, we highlight emerging therapeutic approaches designed to mitigate the negative cardiovascular consequences elicited by circadian disruption.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Circadian misalignment elicited by work schedules that require individuals to be awake during the biological night (i.e., shift work) alters 24-h blood pressure rhythms. Mechanistically, circadian misalignment appears to alter blood pressure via changes in autonomic nervous system balance, variations to sodium retention, dysregulation of endothelial vasodilatory responsiveness, and activation of proinflammatory mechanisms. Recurring circadian misalignment produced by a mismatch in sleep timing on free days vs. work days (i.e., social jetlag) appears to have no direct effects on prevailing blood pressure levels in healthy adults; though, circadian disruptions resulting from social jetlag may increase the risk of hypertension through enhanced sympathetic activation and/or obesity. Furthermore, social jetlag assessment may be a useful metric in shift work populations where the magnitude of circadian misalignment may be greater than in the general population. Circadian misalignment promotes unfavorable changes to 24-h blood pressure rhythms, most notably in shift working populations. While light therapy, melatonin supplementation, and the timing of drug administration may improve cardiovascular outcomes, interventions designed to target the effects of circadian misalignment on blood pressure regulation are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":" ","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10916535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41194263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salty Subjects: Unpacking Racial Differences in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension.","authors":"Soolim Jeong, Stacy D Hunter, Marc D Cook, Gregory J Grosicki, Austin T Robinson","doi":"10.1007/s11906-023-01275-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11906-023-01275-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To review underlying mechanisms and environmental factors that may influence racial disparities in the development of salt-sensitive blood pressure.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Our group and others have observed racial differences in diet and hydration, which may influence salt sensitivity. Dietary salt elicits negative alterations to the gut microbiota and immune system, which may increase hypertension risk, but little is known regarding potential racial differences in these physiological responses. Antioxidant supplementation and exercise offset vascular dysfunction following dietary salt, including in Black adults. Furthermore, recent work proposes the role of racial differences in exposure to social determinants of health, and differences in health behaviors that may influence risk of salt sensitivity. Physiological and environmental factors contribute to the mechanisms that manifest in racial differences in salt-sensitive blood pressure. Using this information, additional work is needed to develop strategies that can attenuate racial disparities in salt-sensitive blood pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":" ","pages":"43-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50157175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Cognition: a Scoping Review.","authors":"Zhen Zhou, Suzanne G Orchard, Mark R Nelson, Michelle A Fravel, Michael E Ernst","doi":"10.1007/s11906-023-01266-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11906-023-01266-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To provide an overview of the association between angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) use and cognitive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>ARBs have previously shown greater neuroprotection compared to other anti-hypertensive classes. The benefits are primarily attributed to the ARB's effect on modulating the renin-angiotensin system via inhibiting the Ang II/AT1R pathway and activating the Ang II/AT2R, Ang IV/AT4R, and Ang-(1-7)/MasR pathways. These interactions are associated with pleiotropic neurocognitive benefits, including reduced β-amyloid accumulation and abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau, ameliorated brain hypo-fusion, reduced neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction, better neurotoxin clearing, and blood-brain barrier function restoration. While ACEis also inhibit AT1R, they simultaneously lower Ang II and block the Ang II/AT2R and Ang IV/AT4R pathways that counterbalance the potential benefits. ARBs may be considered an adjunctive approach for neuroprotection. This preliminary evidence, coupled with their underlying mechanistic pathways, emphasizes the need for future long-term randomized trials to yield more definitive results.</p>","PeriodicalId":10963,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10796582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41114817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}