Current HIV/AIDS Reports最新文献_第2页

Cytomegalovirus and HIV Co-Infections During Pregnancy and Early Childhood. 妊娠期和幼儿期巨细胞病毒和HIV合并感染。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-026-00788-x

Swetha Pinninti, Nitin Arora, Suresh Boppana

引用次数: 0

HIV Reservoirs in Brain parenchyma and Cerebrospinal Fluid During Suppressive ART: Same-Same or Very Different? 抑制性抗逆转录病毒治疗期间脑实质和脑脊液中的HIV储存库：相同还是非常不同？

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2026-06-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-026-00790-3

Thomas A Angelovich, Janna Jamal Eddine, Emily K Chalmers, Sarah J Byrnes, Melissa J Churchill

{"title":"HIV Reservoirs in Brain parenchyma and Cerebrospinal Fluid During Suppressive ART: Same-Same or Very Different?","authors":"Thomas A Angelovich, Janna Jamal Eddine, Emily K Chalmers, Sarah J Byrnes, Melissa J Churchill","doi":"10.1007/s11904-026-00790-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-026-00790-3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The central nervous system (CNS) remains a relatively understudied reservoir of HIV that may have significant implications for HIV cure and the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders that persist despite viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART). This review will describe our current understanding of the nature, size and composition of the CNS reservoir and the possible contribution of viral persistence in the CNS on viral replication, neuroinflammation and cognitive disease.Recent findings: Reservoirs of intact and defective HIV proviral DNA have recently been detected in both the brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ART-suppressed PWH. Moreover, viruses from these sites are transcriptionally and translationally active, with the potential to propagate infection ex vivo in the absence of ART. Ongoing viral persistence likely contributes to elevated risk of comorbid neurocognitive issues and measures of neuroinflammation support a pathological impact of HIV reservoirs on the brain. However, it is becoming clear that the sub-regions of the CNS including the brain parenchyma and CSF contain unique reservoir characteristics including cellular sources and reservoir dynamics which likely impart different effects on neuropathology. The CNS represents a heterogeneous reservoir of HIV with sub-regional differences in reservoir maintenance and cellular sources, highlighting the need to consider these nuances in HIV treatment, neuropathology and cure strategies.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13283176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HIV-1 Tat-driven Glutamate Dysregulation: Implications for Cognitive Impairment in HAND. HIV-1 tat驱动的谷氨酸失调：HAND认知障碍的意义。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-026-00789-w

Brenna C Duffy, Michael R Nonnemacher, Sandhya Kortagere

{"title":"HIV-1 Tat-driven Glutamate Dysregulation: Implications for Cognitive Impairment in HAND.","authors":"Brenna C Duffy, Michael R Nonnemacher, Sandhya Kortagere","doi":"10.1007/s11904-026-00789-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-026-00789-w","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) manifest in 15% to 50% of people with HIV, impairing learning and memory and executive function. The chronic generation of HIV-1 Transactivator of transcription (Tat) likely contributes to HAND via direct neuronal toxicity and glial-mediated toxicity. This review summarizes our current understanding of how chronic Tat generation from microglia and astrocytes promote glutamate excitotoxicity.Recent findings: In recent years, the indirect effects of Tat through the activation of glial cells have gained significant interest. This review highlights microglia and astrocytes as HIV-1 reservoirs that release Tat protein in the central nervous system. Specific context is provided on the Tat isoforms and models in the recent literature and their impact on our understanding of the neuronal and glial-mediated effects of Tat on glutamate transmission. Transgenic and transduction models of HIV-1 Tat expression in glia have demonstrated Tat-induced glial activation phenotypes that contribute to dysregulation of glutamate receptors and transporters. Investigating both glial-mediated and direct mechanisms of Tat-potentiated excitotoxicity can identify therapeutic targets that are relevant for HAND.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Central Nervous System HIV Persistence and Clinical Consequences During Suppressive ART. 抑制性抗逆转录病毒治疗期间的中枢神经系统HIV持久性和临床后果。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-026-00786-z

Kathryn B Holroyd, Serena Spudich, Alan Winston, Sam Nightingale

{"title":"Central Nervous System HIV Persistence and Clinical Consequences During Suppressive ART.","authors":"Kathryn B Holroyd, Serena Spudich, Alan Winston, Sam Nightingale","doi":"10.1007/s11904-026-00786-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-026-00786-z","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review discusses recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of CNS HIV invasion and persistence and examines how these processes relate to the neurologic complications of HIV.Recent findings: Recent studies have provided compelling evidence that HIV can persist within CNS macrophages and microglia despite long-term suppressive ART, supporting the existence of a CNS reservoir. Updates to treatment of neurosymptomatic CSF HIV RNA escape include evaluation of CNS-specific drug resistance patterns and ART optimization. Evaluation of cognitive symtpoms in persons with HIV should include a comprehensive medical and neurologic evaluation, cessation of Efavirenz, and evaluation of HIV disease activity and immune dysregulation. Novel HIV cure strategies, including shock-and-kill approaches, block-and-lock strategies, and broadly neutralizing antibodies have highlighted the importance of understanding CNS reservoir dynamics and potential neurotoxicity when designing HIV cure strategies. HIV enters the CNS during early infection and may establish a persistent viral reservoir. CNS HIV persistence has important clinical implications, including symptomatic CSF HIV RNA escape and cognitive dysfunction, and may represent a barrier to HIV cure.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148136798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expanding PrEP Access Through Decentralized Delivery Models. 通过分散交付模式扩大PrEP的可及性。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2026-04-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-026-00784-1

Angela Tembo, Tarryn Collings, Tsitsi Nyamuzihwa, Samanta Tresha Lalla Edward, Elzette Rousseau, W D Francois Venter, Linda-Gail Bekker, Danielle Giovenco

{"title":"Expanding PrEP Access Through Decentralized Delivery Models.","authors":"Angela Tembo, Tarryn Collings, Tsitsi Nyamuzihwa, Samanta Tresha Lalla Edward, Elzette Rousseau, W D Francois Venter, Linda-Gail Bekker, Danielle Giovenco","doi":"10.1007/s11904-026-00784-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-026-00784-1","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review examines emerging PrEP delivery models designed to expand access to HIV prevention outside of traditional clinic settings. It aims to synthesize recent evidence from these models on PrEP uptake, acceptability, and persistence, as well as geographic, social, and structural challenges, drawing on both the research literature and insights from recent programs. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have highlighted the potential of decentralized PrEP delivery approaches, including community-based distribution, pharmacy-based PrEP provision, telePrEP, and automated PrEP dispensing. These models can improve access, reduce stigma, and provide more personalized care. Hybrid approaches and integration of digital tools and peer support have also shown promise in enhancing adherence and retention. However, challenges related to effectiveness, scalability, regulatory constraints, and cost-effectiveness remain. Decentralized PrEP delivery models offer flexible, client-centered solutions that can significantly expand access to HIV prevention for vulnerable groups. Future research should focus on implementation and policy innovation to support integratration of these models into existing health systems and reach underserved populations. ","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Changing Spectrum of Cognitive Impairment in People with HIV; Establishment and Updates of the International HIV-Cognition Working Group. HIV感染者认知功能障碍谱的变化国际艾滋病毒认识工作组的建立和更新。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-026-00779-y

Sam Nightingale

{"title":"The Changing Spectrum of Cognitive Impairment in People with HIV; Establishment and Updates of the International HIV-Cognition Working Group.","authors":"Sam Nightingale","doi":"10.1007/s11904-026-00779-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-026-00779-y","url":null,"abstract":"With the widespread availability of effective antiretroviral therapy, the spectrum of cognitive impairment in people with HIV has changed from a subcortical dementia to milder impairment. The 2007 criteria for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) provided a methodological approach to classify milder and asymptomatic forms. Research using these criteria found that around 45% of people with HIV had HAND. This does not align with clinical observations that people with HIV supressed on modern treatment generally have good clinical outcomes, including cognitively. HAND criteria have several limitations which may account for an overestimation of prevalence including a high false classification rate, inadequate mitigation of psychosocial confounds to testing of cognitive performance, and the attribution to HIV of multifactorial causes of brain injury. This overestimation can hinder neuro-HIV research, increase anxiety around health outcomes, and worsen stigma and discrimination towards people with HIV. In response an International HIV-Cognition Working Group was established. The group proposed six consensus recommendations towards a new approach, including that HIV-associated brain injury (HABI) - which can be active or legacy - is conceptually separated from other cases of brain injury in people with HIV. The recommendations are aimed at harmonising clinical and research terminology, destigmatising terminology, and providing more accurate information on prevalence and prognosis. Cognitive impairment remains an important complication of HIV, particularly as the population ages, requiring a nuanced approach to classification and management.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147637494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Barriers and Facilitators of Oral PrEP Uptake Against HIV Among Selected Priority Populations: A Global Perspective. 在选定的重点人群中口服PrEP预防艾滋病毒的障碍和促进因素：全球视角。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-026-00783-2

Ifeanyi Ngwoke, Adepeju Mary Adedire, Nengak Precious Danladi, Chinemerem Cynthia Eze, Oluwasogo Kehinde Dada, Olalekan John Okesanya

{"title":"Barriers and Facilitators of Oral PrEP Uptake Against HIV Among Selected Priority Populations: A Global Perspective.","authors":"Ifeanyi Ngwoke, Adepeju Mary Adedire, Nengak Precious Danladi, Chinemerem Cynthia Eze, Oluwasogo Kehinde Dada, Olalekan John Okesanya","doi":"10.1007/s11904-026-00783-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-026-00783-2","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the ReviewThis review examines the multifaceted barriers and facilitators influencing PrEP uptake among priority populations, including MSM, PWUD, sex workers, transgender individuals, and AGYW, with a focus on generating actionable recommendations for governments, providers, and community organisations to scale effective HIV prevention models globally.Recent FindingsDespite PrEP's proven efficacy, uptake remains constrained by intersecting individual, provider, structural, and systemic barriers. Key challenges include limited awareness, misinformation, provider-level stigma, structural discrimination, legal repression, prohibitive costs, and healthcare inaccessibility, burdens that fall disproportionately on priority populations in low- and middle-income countries. Conversely, evidence from sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas demonstrates that community-led awareness campaigns, integration of PrEP into sexual and reproductive health services, long-acting injectable formulations, mobile clinics, peer support structures, and digital health and telemedicine tools meaningfully improve access and adherence, particularly among youth and rural populations. Policy-level interventions, including decriminalisation of sex work, same-sex relationships, and drug use, alongside subsidised access and inclusion in universal health coverage frameworks, are identified as critical enablers of equitable reach.SummaryAchieving global HIV prevention targets requires more than biomedical innovation. This review underscores that rights-based, community-embedded, and culturally affirming strategies paired with structural reform and sustained investment are essential to expanding PrEP access and equity. PrEP must be positioned not merely as a clinical tool, but as a cornerstone of an equity-driven HIV prevention architecture.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147572703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epigenetic aging is a hallmark of HIV pathogenesis and phenotypic outcomes. 表观遗传老化是HIV发病机制和表型结果的标志。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2026-03-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-026-00781-4

Carrie D Johnston, Kalen J Petersen, Michael J Corley

{"title":"Epigenetic aging is a hallmark of HIV pathogenesis and phenotypic outcomes.","authors":"Carrie D Johnston, Kalen J Petersen, Michael J Corley","doi":"10.1007/s11904-026-00781-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-026-00781-4","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide a summary of epigenetic studies of HIV with a focus on DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging. We examine first, second, and third generation epigenetic clocks, and how these biomarkers relate to molecular and phenotypic outcomes in people with HIV (PWH). RECENT FINDINGS: Current studies show novel associations of epigenetic aging with cellular senescence, human endogenous retroviruses and transposable elements, metabolic changes, neurological injury, and sex-based aging differences in PWH. First-generation epigenetic clocks of chronological age show an average of 5–7 years of age acceleration in PWH compared to people without HIV. Second-generation epigenetic clocks demonstrate accelerated aging-related phenotypes in PWH, including greater predicted morbidity and mortality. Third-generation epigenetic clocks provide novel insights into mechanisms of aging including DNA damage and beneficial adaptations, human endogenous retroviruses and transposable DNA elements, and distinct aging patterns in different organ systems. Epigenetic clocks offer the promise of accurate, quantitative biological markers of aging in research and clinical settings for PWH. ","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13033001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147572693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ain't I A Woman: Bridging Womanist Theory and HIV Implementation Science. 我不是女人吗：连接女性主义理论和艾滋病实施科学。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2026-03-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-026-00785-0

Whitney C Irie, Juliet Iwelunmor

{"title":"Ain't I A Woman: Bridging Womanist Theory and HIV Implementation Science.","authors":"Whitney C Irie, Juliet Iwelunmor","doi":"10.1007/s11904-026-00785-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-026-00785-0","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This paper explores how womanist theory. a framework grounded in the lived experiences, cultural knowledge, and spiritual traditions of Black women, can enhance HIV implementation science. We ask: How can womanist theory advance more equitable, effective, and culturally congruent HIV prevention, care, and treatment for Black women? RECENT FINDINGS: Black women account for 55% of new HIV diagnoses in the U.S. despite being only 13% of the female population. Traditional implementation strategies often fail to account for the structural racism, gendered stigma, and socio-spiritual factors that shape their experiences. Recent womanist-informed interventions have centered radical subjectivity, community, and spiritual wholeness to transform engagement, care, and healing. Womanist theory offers a vital and underutilized paradigm for designing HIV implementation strategies thatprioritize the wellness, agency, and leadership of Black women. By integrating womanist principles into studydesign, implementation processes, and evaluation, researchers and practitioners can develop more just andsustainable approaches to ending the HIV epidemic among Black women. ","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147572675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Implications of HIV-1 Subtypes on Pathogenesis, Reservoirs and Cure Strategies. HIV-1亚型对发病机制、储存库和治疗策略的影响。

IF 4.4 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-026-00780-5

Kavidha Reddy, Nicole Reddy, Thumbi Ndung'u

{"title":"The Implications of HIV-1 Subtypes on Pathogenesis, Reservoirs and Cure Strategies.","authors":"Kavidha Reddy, Nicole Reddy, Thumbi Ndung'u","doi":"10.1007/s11904-026-00780-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-026-00780-5","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The HIV-1 pandemic is characterized by extensive viral genetic diversity, with strains that can be classified into distinct clades or subtypes based on sequence relatedness. Biological differences between subtypes have also been reported. HIV-1 subtype B, predominant in North America and Europe is most studied, but non-B subtypes represent the majority of infections globally and in sub-Saharan Africa, which accounts for more than two-thirds of people living with HIV. Whereas the implications of genetic and biological diversity overall for HIV prevention, treatment and cure strategies are recognized, the impact of clade differences is contested. Here we review how viral and host diversity, including subtype-specific differences may shape HIV pathogenesis, reservoir characteristics and cure strategies, highlighting data from regions where non-B subtypes circulate. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies from African and global cohorts highlight differences in epidemiological spread and disease progression among HIV-1 subtypes that may be attributed to viral genetic sequence variations and resultant distinct properties in viral replication capacity, immune evasion, interferon resistance, co-receptor usage, latency regulation and reservoir biology. HIV-1 diversity has implications for virus biology, transmission and clinical outcomes. Clade-specific differences therefore warrant consideration in the development and design of prevention, treatment and cure strategies, including diagnostic and monitoring assays. Incorporating multi-clade research and regionally relevant cohorts will advance and accelerate efforts toward a universally applicable HIV cure. ","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0