Current Genetics最新文献_第8页

Innate immunity to prions: anti-prion systems turn a tsunami of prions into a slow drip. 对朊病毒的先天免疫:抗朊病毒系统将朊病毒的海啸转化为缓慢的点滴。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01203-1

Reed B Wickner, Herman K Edskes, Moonil Son, Songsong Wu, Madaleine Niznikiewicz

{"title":"Innate immunity to prions: anti-prion systems turn a tsunami of prions into a slow drip.","authors":"Reed B Wickner, Herman K Edskes, Moonil Son, Songsong Wu, Madaleine Niznikiewicz","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01203-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01203-1","url":null,"abstract":"The yeast prions (infectious proteins) [URE3] and [PSI+] are essentially non-functional (or even toxic) amyloid forms of Ure2p and Sup35p, whose normal function is in nitrogen catabolite repression and translation termination, respectively. Yeast has an array of systems working in normal cells that largely block infection with prions, block most prion formation, cure most nascent prions and mitigate the toxic effects of those prions that escape the first three types of systems. Here we review recent progress in defining these anti-prion systems, how they work and how they are regulated. Polymorphisms of the prion domains partially block infection with prions. Ribosome-associated chaperones ensure proper folding of nascent proteins, thus reducing [PSI+] prion formation and curing many [PSI+] variants that do form. Btn2p is a sequestering protein which gathers [URE3] amyloid filaments to one place in the cells so that the prion is often lost by progeny cells. Proteasome impairment produces massive overexpression of Btn2p and paralog Cur1p, resulting in [URE3] curing. Inversely, increased proteasome activity, by derepression of proteasome component gene transcription or by 60S ribosomal subunit gene mutation, prevents prion curing by Btn2p or Cur1p. The nonsense-mediated decay proteins (Upf1,2,3) cure many nascent [PSI+] variants by associating with Sup35p directly. Normal levels of the disaggregating chaperone Hsp104 can also cure many [PSI+] prion variants. By keeping the cellular levels of certain inositol polyphosphates / pyrophosphates low, Siw14p cures certain [PSI+] variants. It is hoped that exploration of the yeast innate immunity to prions will lead to discovery of similar systems in humans.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":"67 6","pages":"833-847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00294-021-01203-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39230264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Multilayered regulation of proteome stoichiometry. 蛋白质组化学计量学的多层调控。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01205-z

Koji Ishikawa

引用次数: 7

Let it go: mechanisms that detach myosin V from the yeast vacuole. 放手:从酵母液泡中分离肌球蛋白V的机制。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01195-y

Sara Wong, Lois S Weisman

{"title":"Let it go: mechanisms that detach myosin V from the yeast vacuole.","authors":"Sara Wong, Lois S Weisman","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01195-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01195-y","url":null,"abstract":"A major question in cell biology is, how are organelles and macromolecular machines moved within a cell? The delivery of cargoes to the right place at the right time within a cell is critical to cellular health. Failure to do so is often catastrophic for animal physiology and results in diseases of the gut, brain, and skin. In budding yeast, a myosin V motor, Myo2, moves cellular materials from the mother cell into the growing daughter bud. Myo2-based transport ensures that cellular contents are shared during cell division. During transport, Myo2 is often linked to its cargo via cargo-specific adaptor proteins. This simple organism thus serves as a powerful tool to study how myosin V moves cargo, such as organelles. Some critical questions include how myosin V moves along the actin cytoskeleton, or how myosin V attaches to cargo in the mother. Other critical questions include how the cargo is released from myosin V when it reaches its final destination in the bud. Here, we review the mechanisms that regulate the vacuole-specific adaptor protein, Vac17, to ensure that Myo2 delivers the vacuole to the bud and releases it at the right place and the right time. Recent studies have revealed that Vac17 is regulated by ubiquitylation and phosphorylation events that coordinate its degradation and the detachment of the vacuole from Myo2. Thus, multiple post-translational modifications tightly coordinate cargo delivery with cellular events. It is tempting to speculate that similar mechanisms regulate other cargoes and molecular motors.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":"67 6","pages":"865-869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00294-021-01195-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39079906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Why have aggregative multicellular organisms stayed simple? 为什么聚集的多细胞生物一直保持简单?

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01193-0

Pedro Márquez-Zacarías, Peter L Conlin, Kai Tong, Jennifer T Pentz, William C Ratcliff

{"title":"Why have aggregative multicellular organisms stayed simple?","authors":"Pedro Márquez-Zacarías, Peter L Conlin, Kai Tong, Jennifer T Pentz, William C Ratcliff","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01193-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01193-0","url":null,"abstract":"Multicellularity has evolved numerous times across the tree of life. One of the most fundamental distinctions among multicellular organisms is their developmental mode: whether they stay together during growth and develop clonally, or form a group through the aggregation of free-living cells. The five eukaryotic lineages to independently evolve complex multicellularity (animals, plants, red algae, brown algae, and fungi) all develop clonally. This fact has largely been explained through social evolutionary theory's lens of cooperation and conflict, where cheating within non-clonal groups has the potential to undermine multicellular adaptation. Multicellular organisms that form groups via aggregation could mitigate the costs of cheating by evolving kin recognition systems that prevent the formation of chimeric groups. However, recent work suggests that selection for the ability to aggregate quickly may constrain the evolution of highly specific kin recognition, sowing the seeds for persistent evolutionary conflict. Importantly, other features of aggregative multicellular life cycles may independently act to constrain the evolution of complex multicellularity. All known aggregative multicellular organisms are facultatively multicellular (as opposed to obligately multicellular), allowing unicellular-level adaptation to environmental selection. Because they primarily exist in a unicellular state, it may be difficult for aggregative multicellular organisms to evolve multicellular traits that carry pleiotropic cell-level fitness costs. Thus, even in the absence of social conflict, aggregative multicellular organisms may have limited potential for the evolution of complex multicellularity.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":"67 6","pages":"871-876"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00294-021-01193-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39081901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Molecular and comparative genomic analyses reveal evolutionarily conserved and unique features of the Schizosaccharomyces japonicus mycelial growth and the underlying genomic changes. 分子和比较基因组分析揭示了日本裂糖菌菌丝生长的进化保守和独特特征及其潜在的基因组变化。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01206-y

László Attila Papp, Lajos Ács-Szabó, Gyula Batta, Ida Miklós

{"title":"Molecular and comparative genomic analyses reveal evolutionarily conserved and unique features of the Schizosaccharomyces japonicus mycelial growth and the underlying genomic changes.","authors":"László Attila Papp, Lajos Ács-Szabó, Gyula Batta, Ida Miklós","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01206-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01206-y","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal pathogens, from phytopathogenic fungus to human pathogens, are able to alternate between the yeast-like form and filamentous forms. This morphological transition (dimorphism) is in close connection with their pathogenic lifestyles and with their responses to changing environmental conditions. The mechanisms governing these morphogenetic conversions are still not fully understood. Therefore, we studied the filamentous growth of the less-known, non-pathogenic dimorphic fission yeast, S. japonicus, which belongs to an ancient and early evolved branch of the Ascomycota. Its RNA sequencing revealed that several hundred genes were up- or down-regulated in the hyphae compared to the yeast-phase cells. These genes belonged to different GO categories, confirming that mycelial growth is a rather complex process. The genes of transport- and metabolic processes appeared especially in high numbers among them. High expression of genes involved in glycolysis and ethanol production was found in the hyphae, while other results pointed to the regulatory role of the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. The homologues of 49 S. japonicus filament-associated genes were found by sequence alignments also in seven distantly related dimorphic and filamentous species. The comparative genomic analyses between S. japonicus and the closely related but non-dimorphic S. pombe shed some light on the differences in their genomes. All these data can contribute to a better understanding of hyphal growth and those genomic rearrangements that underlie it.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":"67 6","pages":"953-968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00294-021-01206-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39339836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Expression stability of internal reference gene in response to Trichoderma polysporum infection in Avena fatua L. 内参基因对多孢子木霉侵染的表达稳定性研究。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01200-4

Haixia Zhu, Yongqiang Ma, Qingyun Guo

{"title":"Expression stability of internal reference gene in response to Trichoderma polysporum infection in Avena fatua L.","authors":"Haixia Zhu, Yongqiang Ma, Qingyun Guo","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01200-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01200-4","url":null,"abstract":"Trichoderma polysporum was a pathogenic fungi which showed strong pathogenicity to Avena fatua L. in recent study. The stress response of A. fatua to T. polysporum is mediated by the regulation of gene expression. Quantification of the expression of genes requires normalizing RT-qPCR data using reference genes with stable expression in the system studied as internal standards. To construct a RT-qPCR system suitable for response of A. fatua to T. polysporum, and screen stable internal reference genes, GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinde were used to perform SYBR Green-based RT-qPCR analysis on eight candidate internal reference genes (18S, 28S, TUA, UBC, ACT, GAPDH, TBP and EF-1α) in A. fatua samples after inoculation of T. polysporum Strain HZ-31. The results showed that TBP, 18S and UBC were the most stable internal reference genes, TBP and TUA, TBP and GAPDH, 18S and TBP, UBC and 18S were the most suitable combination of the two internal reference genes, which could be used as internal reference genes for functional gene expression analysis during the interaction between T. polysporum and A. fatua. This is the first study describing a set of reference genes with a stable expression under fungi stress in A. fatua. These genes are also candidate reference genes of choice for studies seeking to identify stress-responsive genes in A. fatua.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":"67 6","pages":"909-918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00294-021-01200-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39205077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Genetic response to nitrogen starvation in the aggressive Eucalyptus foliar pathogen Teratosphaeria destructans. 桉树叶面致病菌破坏畸胎瘤对氮饥饿的遗传响应。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01208-w

Minette Havenga, Brenda D Wingfield, Michael J Wingfield, Léanne L Dreyer, Francois Roets, Janneke Aylward

{"title":"Genetic response to nitrogen starvation in the aggressive Eucalyptus foliar pathogen Teratosphaeria destructans.","authors":"Minette Havenga, Brenda D Wingfield, Michael J Wingfield, Léanne L Dreyer, Francois Roets, Janneke Aylward","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01208-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01208-w","url":null,"abstract":"Teratosphaeria destructans is one of the most aggressive foliar pathogens of Eucalyptus. The biological factors underpinning T. destructans infections, which include shoot and leaf blight on young trees, have never been interrogated. Thus, the means by which the pathogen modifies its host environment to overcome host defences remain unknown. By applying transcriptome sequencing, the aim of this study was to compare gene expression in a South African isolate of T. destructans grown on nitrogen-deficient and complete media. This made it possible to identify upregulated genes in a nitrogen-starved environment, often linked to the pathogenicity of the fungus. The results support the hypothesis that nitrogen starvation in T. destructans likely mirrors an in planta genetic response. This is because 45% of genes that were highly upregulated under nitrogen starvation have previously been reported to be associated with infection in other pathogen systems. These included several CAZymes, fungal effector proteins, peptidases, kinases, toxins, lipases and proteins associated with detoxification of toxic compounds. Twenty-five secondary metabolites were identified and expressed in both nitrogen-deficient and complete conditions. Additionally, the most highly expressed genes in both growth conditions had pathogenicity-related functions. This study highlights the large number of expressed genes associated with pathogenicity and overcoming plant defences. As such, the generated baseline knowledge regarding pathogenicity and aggressiveness in T. destructans is a valuable reference for future in planta work.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":"67 6","pages":"981-990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00294-021-01208-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39343333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Genomic assessment of Stenotrophomonas indicatrix for improved sunflower plant. 改良向日葵窄养单胞菌的基因组鉴定。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01199-8

Bartholomew Saanu Adeleke, Ayansina Segun Ayangbenro, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola

{"title":"Genomic assessment of Stenotrophomonas indicatrix for improved sunflower plant.","authors":"Bartholomew Saanu Adeleke, Ayansina Segun Ayangbenro, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01199-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01199-8","url":null,"abstract":"Diverse agriculturally important microbes have been studied with known potential in plant growth promotion. Providing several opportunities, Stenotrophomonas species are characterized as promising plant enhancers, inducers, and protectors against environmental stressors. The S. indicatrix BOVIS40 isolated from the sunflower root endosphere possessed unique features, as genome insights into the Stenotrophomonas species isolated from oilseed crops in Southern Africa have not been reported. Plant growth-promotion screening and genome analysis of S. indicatrix BOVIS40 were presented in this study. The genomic information reveals various genes underlining plant growth promotion and resistance to environmental stressors. The genome of S. indicatrix BOVIS40 harbors genes involved in the degradation and biotransformation of organic molecules. Also, other genes involved in biofilm production, chemotaxis, and flagellation that facilitate bacterial colonization in the root endosphere and phytohormone genes that modulate root development and stress response in plants were detected in strain BOVIS40. IAA activity of the bacterial strain may be a factor responsible for root formation. A measurable approach to the S. indicatrix BOVIS40 lifestyle can strategically provide several opportunities in their use as bioinoculants in developing environmentally friendly agriculture sustainably. The findings presented here provide insights into the genomic functions of S. indicatrix BOVIS40, which has set a foundation for future comparative studies for a better understanding of the synergism among microbes inhabiting plant endosphere. Hence, highlighting the potential of S. indicatrix BOVIS40 upon inoculation under greenhouse experiment, thus suggesting its application in enhancing plant and soil health sustainably.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":"67 6","pages":"891-907"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00294-021-01199-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39128236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Genetics animates structure: leveraging genetic interactions to study the dynamics of ribosome biogenesis. 遗传学激活结构:利用遗传相互作用来研究核糖体生物发生的动力学。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01187-y

Joshua J Black, Arlen W Johnson

{"title":"Genetics animates structure: leveraging genetic interactions to study the dynamics of ribosome biogenesis.","authors":"Joshua J Black, Arlen W Johnson","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01187-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01187-y","url":null,"abstract":"The assembly of eukaryotic ribosomes follows an assembly line-like pathway in which numerous trans-acting biogenesis factors act on discrete pre-ribosomal intermediates to progressively shape the nascent subunits into their final functional architecture. Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy have led to high-resolution structures of many pre-ribosomal intermediates; however, these static snapshots do not capture the dynamic transitions between these intermediates. To this end, molecular genetics can be leveraged to reveal how the biogenesis factors drive these dynamic transitions. Here, we briefly review how we recently used the deletion of BUD23 (bud23∆) to understand its role in the assembly of the ribosomal small subunit. The strong growth defect of bud23∆ mutants places a selective pressure on yeast cells for the occurrence of extragenic suppressors that define a network of functional interactions among biogenesis factors. Mapping these suppressing mutations to recently published structures of pre-ribosomal complexes allowed us to contextualize these suppressing mutations and derive a detailed model in which Bud23 promotes a critical transition event to facilitate folding of the central pseudoknot of the small subunit. This mini-review highlights how genetics can be used to understand the dynamics of complex structures, such as the maturing ribosome.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":"67 5","pages":"729-738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00294-021-01187-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10236300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Single-strand template repair: key insights to increase the efficiency of gene editing. 单链模板修复:提高基因编辑效率的关键见解。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01186-z

Danielle N Gallagher, James E Haber

引用次数: 9