Current Genetics最新文献_第10页

HSF1 induces RNA polymerase II synthesis of ribosomal RNA in S. cerevisiae during nitrogen deprivation. 在氮剥夺过程中，HSF1诱导酿酒酵母核糖体RNA的RNA聚合酶II合成。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01197-w

Arjuna Rao Vallabhaneni, Merita Kabashi, Matt Haymowicz, Kushal Bhatt, Violet Wayman, Shazia Ahmed, Heather Conrad-Webb

{"title":"HSF1 induces RNA polymerase II synthesis of ribosomal RNA in S. cerevisiae during nitrogen deprivation.","authors":"Arjuna Rao Vallabhaneni, Merita Kabashi, Matt Haymowicz, Kushal Bhatt, Violet Wayman, Shazia Ahmed, Heather Conrad-Webb","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01197-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01197-w","url":null,"abstract":"The resource intensive process of accurate ribosome synthesis is essential for cell viability in all organisms. Ribosome synthesis regulation centers on RNA polymerase I (pol I) transcription of a 35S rRNA precursor that is processed into the mature 18S, 5.8S and 25S rRNAs. During nutrient deprivation or stress, pol I synthesis of rRNA is dramatically reduced. Conversely, chronic stress such as mitochondrial dysfunction induces RNA polymerase II (pol II) to transcribe functional rRNA using an evolutionarily conserved cryptic pol II rDNA promoter suggesting a universal phenomenon. However, this polymerase switches and its role in regulation of rRNA synthesis remain unclear. In this paper, we demonstrate that extended nitrogen deprivation induces the polymerase switch via components of the environmental stress response. We further show that the switch is repressed by Sch9 and activated by the stress kinase Rim15. Like stress-induced genes, the switch requires not only pol II transcription machinery, including the mediator, but also requires the HDAC, Rpd3 and stress transcription factor Hsf1. The current work shows that the constitutive allele, Hsf1PO4* displays elevated levels of induction in non-stress conditions while binding to a conserved site in the pol II rDNA promoter upstream of the pol I promoter. Whether the polymerase switch serves to provide rRNA when pol I transcription is inhibited or fine-tunes pol I initiation via RNA interactions is yet to be determined. Identifying the underlying mechanism for this evolutionary conserved phenomenon will help understand the mechanism of pol II rRNA synthesis and its role in stress adaptation.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8594204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39297006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Contribution of SOS genes to H₂O₂-induced apoptosis-like death in Escherichia coli. SOS基因在h2o2诱导的大肠杆菌细胞凋亡样死亡中的作用。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01204-0

Heesu Kim, Dong Gun Lee

{"title":"Contribution of SOS genes to H2O2-induced apoptosis-like death in Escherichia coli.","authors":"Heesu Kim, Dong Gun Lee","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01204-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01204-0","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a debriding agent that damages the microbial structure and function by generating various reactive oxygen species (ROS). H2O2-produced hydroxyl radical (OH∙) also exerts oxidative stress on microorganisms. The spread of antibiotic-resistance in bacteria is a serious issue worldwide, and greater efforts are needed to identify and characterize novel antibacterial mechanisms to develop new treatment strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between H2O2 and Escherichia coli and to elucidate a novel antibacterial mechanism(s) of H2O2. Following H2O2 exposure, increased levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde indicated that H2O2 accelerates oxidation of bacterial DNA and lipids in E. coli. As oxidative damage worsened, the SOS response was triggered. Cell division arrest and resulting filamentous cells were identified in cells, indicating that LexA was involved in DNA replication. It was also verified that RecA, a representative SOS gene, helps self-cleavage of LexA and acts as a bacterial caspase-like protein. Our findings also showed that dinF is essential to preserve E. coli from H2O2-induced ROS, and furthermore, demonstrated that H2O2-induced SOS response and SOS genes participate differently in guarding E. coli from oxidative stress. As an extreme SOS response is considered apoptosis-like death (ALD) in bacteria, additional experiments were performed to examine the characteristics of ALD. DNA fragmentation and membrane depolarization appeared in H2O2-treated cells, suggesting that H2O2 causes ALD in E. coli. In conclusion, our investigations revealed that ALD is a novel antibacterial mode of action(s) of H2O2 with important contributions from SOS genes.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00294-021-01204-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39359784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Homology length dictates the requirement for Rad51 and Rad52 in gene targeting in the Basidiomycota yeast Naganishia liquefaciens. 同源长度决定了长岛液化担子菌对Rad51和Rad52基因定位的要求。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01201-3

Maierdan Palihati, Hideo Tsubouchi, Bilge Argunhan, Rei Kajitani, Omirgul Bakenova, Yong-Woon Han, Yasuto Murayama, Takehiko Itoh, Hiroshi Iwasaki

{"title":"Homology length dictates the requirement for Rad51 and Rad52 in gene targeting in the Basidiomycota yeast Naganishia liquefaciens.","authors":"Maierdan Palihati, Hideo Tsubouchi, Bilge Argunhan, Rei Kajitani, Omirgul Bakenova, Yong-Woon Han, Yasuto Murayama, Takehiko Itoh, Hiroshi Iwasaki","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01201-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01201-3","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we report the development of methodologies that enable genetic modification of a Basidiomycota yeast, Naganishia liquifaciens. The gene targeting method employs electroporation with PCR products flanked by an 80 bp sequence homologous to the target. The method, combined with a newly devised CRISPR-Cas9 system, routinely achieves 80% gene targeting efficiency. We further explored the genetic requirement for this homologous recombination (HR)-mediated gene targeting. The absence of Ku70, a major component of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA double-strand break repair, almost completely eliminated inaccurate integration of the marker. Gene targeting with short homology (80 bp) was almost exclusively dependent on Rad52, an essential component of HR in the Ascomycota yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. By contrast, the RecA homolog Rad51, which performs homology search and strand exchange in HR, plays a relatively minor role in gene targeting, regardless of the homology length (80 bp or 1 kb). The absence of both Rad51 and Rad52, however, completely eliminated gene targeting. Unlike Ascomycota yeasts, the absence of Rad52 in N. liquefaciens conferred only mild sensitivity to ionizing radiation. These traits associated with the absence of Rad52 are reminiscent of findings in mice.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00294-021-01201-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39211579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Reversible protein aggregation as cytoprotective mechanism against heat stress. 可逆蛋白聚集作为热应激的细胞保护机制。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01191-2

Paola Gallardo, Silvia Salas-Pino, Rafael R Daga

引用次数: 6

Stress granules safeguard against MAPK signaling hyperactivation by sequestering PKC/Pck2: new findings and perspectives. 应激颗粒通过隔离PKC/Pck2来防止MAPK信号过度激活:新发现和新观点。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01192-1

Reiko Sugiura

{"title":"Stress granules safeguard against MAPK signaling hyperactivation by sequestering PKC/Pck2: new findings and perspectives.","authors":"Reiko Sugiura","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01192-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01192-1","url":null,"abstract":"Stress granule (SG) assembly is a conserved cellular strategy that copes with stress-related damage and promotes cell survival. SGs form through a process of liquid-liquid phase separation. Cellular signaling also appears to employ SG assembly as a mechanism for controlling cell survival and cell death by spatial compartmentalization of signal-transducing factors. While several lines of evidence highlight the importance of SGs as signaling hubs, where protein components of signaling pathways can be temporarily sequestered, shielded from the cytoplasm, the regulation and physiological significance of SGs in this aspect remain largely obscure. A recent study of the heat-shock response in the fission yeast Schizosaaccharomyces pombe provides an unexpected answer to this question. Recently, we demonstrated that the PKC orthologue Pck2 in fission yeast translocates into SGs through phase separation in a PKC kinase activity-dependent manner upon high-heat stress (HHS). Importantly, the downstream MAPK Pmk1 promotes Pck2 recruitment into SGs, which intercepts MAPK hyperactivation and cell death, thus posing SGs as a negative feedback circuit in controlling MAPK signaling. Intriguingly, HHS, but not modest-heat stress targets Pck2 to SGs, independent of canonical SG machinery. Finally, cells fail to activate MAPK signaling when Pck2 is sequestrated into SGs. In this review, we will discuss how SGs have a role as signaling hubs beyond serving as a repository for non-translated mRNAs during acute stress.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00294-021-01192-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39004245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Multilayered regulation of proteome stoichiometry. 蛋白质组化学计量学的多层调控。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01205-z

Koji Ishikawa

引用次数: 7

Innate immunity to prions: anti-prion systems turn a tsunami of prions into a slow drip. 对朊病毒的先天免疫:抗朊病毒系统将朊病毒的海啸转化为缓慢的点滴。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01203-1

Reed B Wickner, Herman K Edskes, Moonil Son, Songsong Wu, Madaleine Niznikiewicz

{"title":"Innate immunity to prions: anti-prion systems turn a tsunami of prions into a slow drip.","authors":"Reed B Wickner, Herman K Edskes, Moonil Son, Songsong Wu, Madaleine Niznikiewicz","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01203-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01203-1","url":null,"abstract":"The yeast prions (infectious proteins) [URE3] and [PSI+] are essentially non-functional (or even toxic) amyloid forms of Ure2p and Sup35p, whose normal function is in nitrogen catabolite repression and translation termination, respectively. Yeast has an array of systems working in normal cells that largely block infection with prions, block most prion formation, cure most nascent prions and mitigate the toxic effects of those prions that escape the first three types of systems. Here we review recent progress in defining these anti-prion systems, how they work and how they are regulated. Polymorphisms of the prion domains partially block infection with prions. Ribosome-associated chaperones ensure proper folding of nascent proteins, thus reducing [PSI+] prion formation and curing many [PSI+] variants that do form. Btn2p is a sequestering protein which gathers [URE3] amyloid filaments to one place in the cells so that the prion is often lost by progeny cells. Proteasome impairment produces massive overexpression of Btn2p and paralog Cur1p, resulting in [URE3] curing. Inversely, increased proteasome activity, by derepression of proteasome component gene transcription or by 60S ribosomal subunit gene mutation, prevents prion curing by Btn2p or Cur1p. The nonsense-mediated decay proteins (Upf1,2,3) cure many nascent [PSI+] variants by associating with Sup35p directly. Normal levels of the disaggregating chaperone Hsp104 can also cure many [PSI+] prion variants. By keeping the cellular levels of certain inositol polyphosphates / pyrophosphates low, Siw14p cures certain [PSI+] variants. It is hoped that exploration of the yeast innate immunity to prions will lead to discovery of similar systems in humans.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00294-021-01203-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39230264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Let it go: mechanisms that detach myosin V from the yeast vacuole. 放手:从酵母液泡中分离肌球蛋白V的机制。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01195-y

Sara Wong, Lois S Weisman

{"title":"Let it go: mechanisms that detach myosin V from the yeast vacuole.","authors":"Sara Wong, Lois S Weisman","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01195-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01195-y","url":null,"abstract":"A major question in cell biology is, how are organelles and macromolecular machines moved within a cell? The delivery of cargoes to the right place at the right time within a cell is critical to cellular health. Failure to do so is often catastrophic for animal physiology and results in diseases of the gut, brain, and skin. In budding yeast, a myosin V motor, Myo2, moves cellular materials from the mother cell into the growing daughter bud. Myo2-based transport ensures that cellular contents are shared during cell division. During transport, Myo2 is often linked to its cargo via cargo-specific adaptor proteins. This simple organism thus serves as a powerful tool to study how myosin V moves cargo, such as organelles. Some critical questions include how myosin V moves along the actin cytoskeleton, or how myosin V attaches to cargo in the mother. Other critical questions include how the cargo is released from myosin V when it reaches its final destination in the bud. Here, we review the mechanisms that regulate the vacuole-specific adaptor protein, Vac17, to ensure that Myo2 delivers the vacuole to the bud and releases it at the right place and the right time. Recent studies have revealed that Vac17 is regulated by ubiquitylation and phosphorylation events that coordinate its degradation and the detachment of the vacuole from Myo2. Thus, multiple post-translational modifications tightly coordinate cargo delivery with cellular events. It is tempting to speculate that similar mechanisms regulate other cargoes and molecular motors.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00294-021-01195-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39079906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Why have aggregative multicellular organisms stayed simple? 为什么聚集的多细胞生物一直保持简单?

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01193-0

Pedro Márquez-Zacarías, Peter L Conlin, Kai Tong, Jennifer T Pentz, William C Ratcliff

{"title":"Why have aggregative multicellular organisms stayed simple?","authors":"Pedro Márquez-Zacarías, Peter L Conlin, Kai Tong, Jennifer T Pentz, William C Ratcliff","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01193-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01193-0","url":null,"abstract":"Multicellularity has evolved numerous times across the tree of life. One of the most fundamental distinctions among multicellular organisms is their developmental mode: whether they stay together during growth and develop clonally, or form a group through the aggregation of free-living cells. The five eukaryotic lineages to independently evolve complex multicellularity (animals, plants, red algae, brown algae, and fungi) all develop clonally. This fact has largely been explained through social evolutionary theory's lens of cooperation and conflict, where cheating within non-clonal groups has the potential to undermine multicellular adaptation. Multicellular organisms that form groups via aggregation could mitigate the costs of cheating by evolving kin recognition systems that prevent the formation of chimeric groups. However, recent work suggests that selection for the ability to aggregate quickly may constrain the evolution of highly specific kin recognition, sowing the seeds for persistent evolutionary conflict. Importantly, other features of aggregative multicellular life cycles may independently act to constrain the evolution of complex multicellularity. All known aggregative multicellular organisms are facultatively multicellular (as opposed to obligately multicellular), allowing unicellular-level adaptation to environmental selection. Because they primarily exist in a unicellular state, it may be difficult for aggregative multicellular organisms to evolve multicellular traits that carry pleiotropic cell-level fitness costs. Thus, even in the absence of social conflict, aggregative multicellular organisms may have limited potential for the evolution of complex multicellularity.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00294-021-01193-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39081901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Molecular and comparative genomic analyses reveal evolutionarily conserved and unique features of the Schizosaccharomyces japonicus mycelial growth and the underlying genomic changes. 分子和比较基因组分析揭示了日本裂糖菌菌丝生长的进化保守和独特特征及其潜在的基因组变化。

IF 2.5 4区生物学

Current Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01206-y

László Attila Papp, Lajos Ács-Szabó, Gyula Batta, Ida Miklós

{"title":"Molecular and comparative genomic analyses reveal evolutionarily conserved and unique features of the Schizosaccharomyces japonicus mycelial growth and the underlying genomic changes.","authors":"László Attila Papp, Lajos Ács-Szabó, Gyula Batta, Ida Miklós","doi":"10.1007/s00294-021-01206-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01206-y","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal pathogens, from phytopathogenic fungus to human pathogens, are able to alternate between the yeast-like form and filamentous forms. This morphological transition (dimorphism) is in close connection with their pathogenic lifestyles and with their responses to changing environmental conditions. The mechanisms governing these morphogenetic conversions are still not fully understood. Therefore, we studied the filamentous growth of the less-known, non-pathogenic dimorphic fission yeast, S. japonicus, which belongs to an ancient and early evolved branch of the Ascomycota. Its RNA sequencing revealed that several hundred genes were up- or down-regulated in the hyphae compared to the yeast-phase cells. These genes belonged to different GO categories, confirming that mycelial growth is a rather complex process. The genes of transport- and metabolic processes appeared especially in high numbers among them. High expression of genes involved in glycolysis and ethanol production was found in the hyphae, while other results pointed to the regulatory role of the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. The homologues of 49 S. japonicus filament-associated genes were found by sequence alignments also in seven distantly related dimorphic and filamentous species. The comparative genomic analyses between S. japonicus and the closely related but non-dimorphic S. pombe shed some light on the differences in their genomes. All these data can contribute to a better understanding of hyphal growth and those genomic rearrangements that underlie it.","PeriodicalId":10918,"journal":{"name":"Current Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00294-021-01206-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39339836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4