Current Neuropharmacology最新文献

{"title":"The Gut-Brain Axis and the Microbiome in Anxiety Disorders, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.","authors":"Marnie MacKay, Bohan H Yang, Serdar M Dursun, Glen B Baker","doi":"10.2174/1570159X21666230222092029","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X21666230222092029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A large body of research supports the role of stress in several psychiatric disorders in which anxiety is a prominent symptom. Other research has indicated that the gut microbiome-immune system- brain axis is involved in a large number of disorders and that this axis is affected by various stressors. The focus of the current review is on the following stress-related disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessivecompulsive disorder. Descriptions of systems interacting in the gut-brain axis, microbiome-derived molecules and of pro- and prebiotics are given. Preclinical and clinical studies on the relationship of the gut microbiome to the psychiatric disorders mentioned above are reviewed. Many studies support the role of the gut microbiome in the production of symptoms in these disorders and suggest the potential for pro- and prebiotics for their treatment, but there are also contradictory findings and concerns about the limitations of some of the research that has been done. Matters to be considered in future research include longer-term studies with factors such as sex of the subjects, drug use, comorbidity, ethnicity/ race, environmental effects, diet, and exercise taken into account; appropriate compositions of pro- and prebiotics; the translatability of studies on animal models to clinical situations; and the effects on the gut microbiome of drugs currently used to treat these disorders. Despite these challenges, this is a very active area of research that holds promise for more effective, precision treatment of these stressrelated disorders in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"866-883"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10845093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10758433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Stress Response: Classical Mechanisms and Beyond.","authors":"Georgia E Hodes, Debra Bangasser, Ioannis Sotiropoulos, Nikolaos Kokras, Christina Dalla","doi":"10.2174/1570159X22666231005090134","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X22666231005090134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropsychiatric disorders, which are associated with stress hormone dysregulation, occur at different rates in men and women. Moreover, nowadays, preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrates that sex and gender can lead to differences in stress responses that predispose males and females to different expressions of similar pathologies. In this curated review, we focus on what is known about sex differences in classic mechanisms of stress response, such as glucocorticoid hormones and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), which are components of the hypothalamicpituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis. Then, we present sex differences in neurotransmitter levels, such as serotonin, dopamine, glutamate and GABA, as well as indices of neurodegeneration, such as amyloid β and Tau. Gonadal hormone effects, such as estrogens and testosterone, are also discussed throughout the review. We also review in detail preclinical data investigating sex differences caused by recentlyrecognized regulators of stress and disease, such as the immune system, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, as well neurosteroids. Finally, we discuss how understanding sex differences in stress responses, as well as in pharmacology, can be leveraged into novel, more efficacious therapeutics for all. Based on the supporting evidence, it is obvious that incorporating sex as a biological variable into preclinical research is imperative for the understanding and treatment of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety and Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"475-494"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10845083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49675395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three Decades of Valproate: A Current Model for Studying Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"David Zarate-Lopez, Ana Laura Torres-Chávez, Alma Yadira Gálvez-Contreras, Oscar Gonzalez-Perez","doi":"10.2174/1570159X22666231003121513","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X22666231003121513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with increased prevalence and incidence in recent decades. Its etiology remains largely unclear, but it seems to involve a strong genetic component and environmental factors that, in turn, induce epigenetic changes during embryonic and postnatal brain development. In recent decades, clinical studies have shown that inutero exposure to valproic acid (VPA), a commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug, is an environmental factor associated with an increased risk of ASD. Subsequently, prenatal VPA exposure in rodents has been established as a reliable translational model to study the pathophysiology of ASD, which has helped demonstrate neurobiological changes in rodents, non-human primates, and brain organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. This evidence supports the notion that prenatal VPA exposure is a valid and current model to replicate an idiopathic ASD-like disorder in experimental animals. This review summarizes and describes the current features reported with this animal model of autism and the main neurobiological findings and correlates that help elucidate the pathophysiology of ASD. Finally, we discuss the general framework of the VPA model in comparison to other environmental and genetic ASD models.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"260-289"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10788883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49689184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights Into the Role of Copper in Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Therapeutic Potential of Natural Compounds.","authors":"Guangcheng Zhong, Xinyue Wang, Jiaqi Li, Zhouyuan Xie, Qiqing Wu, Jiaxin Chen, Yiyun Wang, Ziying Chen, Xinyue Cao, Tianyao Li, Jinman Liu, Qi Wang","doi":"10.2174/1570159X22666231103085859","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X22666231103085859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases encompass a collection of neurological disorders originating from the progressive degeneration of neurons, resulting in the dysfunction of neurons. Unfortunately, effective therapeutic interventions for these diseases are presently lacking. Copper (Cu), a crucial trace element within the human body, assumes a pivotal role in various biological metabolic processes, including energy metabolism, antioxidant defense, and neurotransmission. These processes are vital for the sustenance, growth, and development of organisms. Mounting evidence suggests that disrupted copper homeostasis contributes to numerous age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Wilson's disease (WD), Menkes disease (MD), prion diseases, and multiple sclerosis (MS). This comprehensive review investigates the connection between the imbalance of copper homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases, summarizing pertinent drugs and therapies that ameliorate neuropathological changes, motor deficits, and cognitive impairments in these conditions through the modulation of copper metabolism. These interventions include Metal-Protein Attenuating Compounds (MPACs), copper chelators, copper supplements, and zinc salts. Moreover, this review highlights the potential of active compounds derived from natural plant medicines to enhance neurodegenerative disease outcomes by regulating copper homeostasis. Among these compounds, polyphenols are particularly abundant. Consequently, this review holds significant implications for the future development of innovative drugs targeting the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1650-1671"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11284712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138458424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease and Depression.","authors":"Sixin Li, Qian Zhang, Jian Liu, Nan Zhang, Xinyu Li, Ying Liu, Huiwen Qiu, Jing Li, Hui Cao","doi":"10.2174/1570159X22666240730154834","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X22666240730154834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The link between Alzheimer's disease and depression has been confirmed by clinical and epidemiological research. Therefore, our study examined the literary landscape and prevalent themes in depression-related research works on Alzheimer's disease through bibliometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant literature was identified from the Web of Science core collection. Bibliometric parameters were extracted, and the major contributors were defined in terms of countries, institutions, authors, and articles using Microsoft Excel 2019 and VOSviewer. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were employed to visualize the scientific networks and seminal topics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis of literature utilised 10,553 articles published from 1991 until 2023. The three countries or regions with the most publications were spread across the United States, China, and England. The University of Toronto and the University of Pittsburgh were the major contributors to the institutions. Lyketsos, Constantine G., Cummings, JL were found to make outstanding contributions. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease was identified as the most productive journal. Furthermore, \"Alzheimer's\", \"depression\", \"dementia\", and \"mild cognitive decline\" were the main topics of discussion during this period.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Data were searched from a single database to become compatible with VOSviewer and CiteSpace, leading to a selection bias. Manuscripts in English were considered, leading to a language bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Articles on \"Alzheimer's\" and \"depression\" displayed an upward trend. The prevalent themes addressed were the mechanisms of depression-associated Alzheimer's disease, the identification of depression and cognitive decline in the early stages of Alzheimer's, alleviating depression and improving life quality in Alzheimer's patients and their caregivers, and diagnosing and treating neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer. Future research on these hot topics would promote understanding in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"98-115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notch Signaling in Central Nervous System: From Cellular Development to Multiple Sclerosis Disease.","authors":"Hamid Askari, Fatemeh Rabiei, Masoomeh Yahyazadeh, Giuseppe Biagini, Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman","doi":"10.2174/1570159X22666240731114906","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X22666240731114906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS), is characterized by autoimmune-driven neuroinflammation, axonal degeneration, and demyelination. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting Notch signaling within the central nervous system (CNS) in the context of MS. Understanding the intricate roles of Notch signaling could pave the way for targeted interventions to mitigate MS progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Keywords such as \"Notch signaling,\" \"neuroglial interactions,\" and \"MS\" were used. The selection criteria included relevance to neuroglial interactions, peer-reviewed publications, and studies involving animal models of MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review highlights the diverse functions of Notch signaling in CNS development, including its regulation of neural stem cell differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. In the context of MS, Notch signaling has emerged as a promising therapeutic target, exhibiting positive impacts on neuroprotection and remyelination. However, its intricate nature within the CNS necessitates precise modulation for therapeutic efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides a comprehensive overview of the potential therapeutic role of Notch signaling in MS. The findings underscore the significance of Notch modulation for neuroprotection and remyelination, emphasizing the need for precision in therapeutic interventions. Further research is imperative to elucidate the specific underlying mechanisms involved, which will provide a foundation for targeted therapeutic strategies for the management of MS and related neurodegenerative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"3-19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Natural Protoalkaloid Methyl-2-Amino-3-Methoxybenzoate (MAM) Alleviates Positive as well as Cognitive Symptoms in Rat and Mouse Schizophrenia Models.","authors":"Yami Bright, Dorien A Maas, Michel M M Verheij, Maria S Paladini, Helene I V Amatdjais-Groenen, Raffaella Molteni, Marco A Riva, Gerard J M Martens, Judith R Homberg","doi":"10.2174/1570159X21666230720122354","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X21666230720122354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of new antipsychotics with pro-cognitive properties and less side effects represents a priority in schizophrenia drug research. In this study, we present for the first time a preclinical exploration of the effects of the promising natural atypical antipsychotic Methyl-2-Amino-3- Methoxybenzoate (MAM), a brain-penetrable protoalkaloid from the seed of the plant Nigella damascena. Using animal models related to hyperdopaminergic activity, namely the pharmacogenetic apomorphine (D2/D1 receptor agonist)-susceptible (APO-SUS) rat model and pharmacologically induced mouse and rat models of schizophrenia, we found that MAM reduced gnawing stereotypy and climbing behaviours induced by dopaminergic agents. This predicts antipsychotic activity. In line, MAM antagonized apomorphine-induced c-Fos and NPAS4 mRNA levels in post-mortem brain nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral striatum of APO-SUS rats. Furthermore, phencyclidine (PCP, an NMDA receptor antagonist) and 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI, a 5HT2A/2C receptor agonist) induced prepulse inhibition deficits, reflecting the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, which were rescued by treatment with MAM and atypical antipsychotics alike. Post-mortem brain immunostaining revealed that MAM blocked the strong activation of both PCP- and DOI-induced c-Fos immunoreactivity in a number of cortical areas. Finally, during a 28-day subchronic treatment regime, MAM did not induce weight gain, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia or hepato- and nephrotoxic effects, side effects known to be induced by atypical antipsychotics. MAM also did not show any cataleptic effects. In conclusion, its brain penetrability, the apparent absence of preclinical side effects, and its ability to antagonize positive and cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia make MAM an exciting new antipsychotic drug that deserves clinical testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"323-338"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10788887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9836416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking, Symptoms Improvement, and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with Drug-naive First-episode Schizophrenia: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Zhiyong Gao, Meihong Xiu, Jiahong Liu, Fengchun Wu, Xiangyang Zhang","doi":"10.2174/1570159X22666231019105328","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X22666231019105328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It has been hypothesized that smoking is associated with the severity of negative symptoms. Until now, no studies have investigated whether the impact of smoking on negative symptoms is dependent on antioxidants. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of smoking on therapeutic response and total antioxidants capacity (TAOC) in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode (ANFE) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The severity of the patient's symptoms was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). A total of 237 ANFE patients were recruited and treated with risperidone (oral tablets, 4-6 mg/day twice a day) for 12 weeks. PANSS was assessed at baseline and a 12-week follow-up. Plasma TAOC levels were also assayed at baseline and week 12.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Relative to nonsmokers with ANFE SZ, smokers had higher PANSS negative subscores. There was no significant difference in TAOC changes after 12 weeks of treatment with risperidone between smokers and non-smokers. However, we found greater improvement in negative symptoms in smokers compared to non-smokers. Further analysis in smokers with SZ demonstrated that improvements in negative symptoms were not associated with changes in TAOC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study suggested that smoking affected the severity of baseline negative symptoms and further contributed to their reduction after risperidone treatment. However, improvement in negative symptoms was not dependent on the changes in TAOC.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1733-1741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11284715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49675396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ischemic Stroke and Autophagy: The Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs.","authors":"Longqiang Ouyang, Wenyan Xia, Ameen Abdulhasan Al-Alwany, Reena Gupta, Ibrokhim Sapaev, Sami G Almalki, Saud Almawash, Rand Ali Ziyad, Ahmed Hussien Alawadi, Ali Alsalamy","doi":"10.2174/1570159X22666240704123701","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X22666240704123701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ischemic stroke is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Autophagy, a process of intracellular degradation, has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as essential regulators of autophagy in various diseases, including ischemic stroke. Recent studies have identified several lncRNAs that modulate autophagy in ischemic stroke, including MALAT1, MIAT, SNHG12, H19, AC136007. 2, C2dat2, MEG3, KCNQ1OT1, SNHG3, and RMRP. These lncRNAs regulate autophagy by interacting with key proteins involved in the autophagic process, such as Beclin-1, ATG7, and LC3. Understanding the role of lncRNAs in regulating autophagy in ischemic stroke may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of this disease and identify potential therapeutic targets for its treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"85-97"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141632942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Nuclear Imaging of Parkinsonian Disorders: Where do we go from here?","authors":"Félix-Antoine Savoie, David J Arpin, David E Vaillancourt","doi":"10.2174/1570159X21666230801140648","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X21666230801140648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinsonian disorders are a heterogeneous group of incurable neurodegenerative diseases that significantly reduce quality of life and constitute a substantial economic burden. Nuclear imaging (NI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have played and continue to play a key role in research aimed at understanding and monitoring these disorders. MRI is cheaper, more accessible, nonirradiating, and better at measuring biological structures and hemodynamics than NI. NI, on the other hand, can track molecular processes, which may be crucial for the development of efficient diseasemodifying therapies. Given the strengths and weaknesses of NI and MRI, how can they best be applied to Parkinsonism research going forward? This review aims to examine the effectiveness of NI and MRI in three areas of Parkinsonism research (differential diagnosis, prodromal disease identification, and disease monitoring) to highlight where they can be most impactful. Based on the available literature, MRI can assist with differential diagnosis, prodromal disease identification, and disease monitoring as well as NI. However, more work is needed, to confirm the value of MRI for monitoring prodromal disease and predicting phenoconversion. Although NI can complement or be a substitute for MRI in all the areas covered in this review, we believe that its most meaningful impact will emerge once reliable Parkinsonian proteinopathy tracers become available. Future work in tracer development and high-field imaging will continue to influence the landscape for NI and MRI.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1583-1605"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11284713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9918163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}