Current Neuropharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the Potential Neuroprotective Effect of Bioactive Compounds from Plants with Sedative and Mood-Modulating Properties: Innovative Approaches for the Prevention of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases.","authors":"Piccirillo Silvia, Alessandra Preziuso, Serfilippi Tiziano, Giorgia Cerqueni, Valentina Terenzi, Vincenzo Lariccia, Simona Magi","doi":"10.2174/011570159X345397241210103538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570159X345397241210103538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are severe disorders characterized by progressive neuron degeneration, leading to cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, and other neurological issues, significantly impairing daily life and the quality of life. Despite advancements in understanding these mechanisms, many aspects remain unclear, and current treatments primarily manage symptoms without halting disease progression. Multiple biological pathways are implicated in neurodegeneration, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aberrant protein folding. Given the multifactorial nature of neurodegenerative diseases, a neuroprotective approach targeting various mechanisms holds significant promise for prevention. Natural products derived from plants, animals, and fungi, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, show substantial potential in the prevention of neurodegeneration. Unlike synthetic compounds, bioactive compounds from these natural sources offer diverse targets due to their varied structures and biological activities. This review focuses on the potential of bioactive compounds from plants with sedative and mood-modulating effects in preventing and/or slowing down neurodegeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin C Protects from Impairment of Memory Induced by E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposure.","authors":"Karem H Alzoubi, Omar F Khabour, Nour Al-Sawalha, Enaam M Al Momany, Anan Jarab, Razan Haddad, Nasr Alrabadi, Mohammad A Y Alqudah, Toka K Al-Zoubi, Thomas Eissenberg","doi":"10.2174/011570159X341759250119141806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570159X341759250119141806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>E-cigarettes (EC) have been shown to impair memory by disrupting the balance involving ROS and antioxidant enzymes, leading to oxidative stress. Vitamin C (VitC) is a strong antioxidant with cell protective efficacy and scavenges free radicals.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The present study evaluated VitC for potential protective effects against EC-induced memory impairment in rat models. The animals were exposed to EC for 2 hr/day, with a one-hour break in between, for five days per week over four weeks. Simultaneously, animals were administered Vitamin C at 100 mg/kilogram/bw/day via oral gavage five days/week/for four weeks. After the treatment and exposure period concluded, spatial learning and memory were evaluated using the Radial Arms Water Maze. Furthermore, the oxidative stress biomarkers levels (GSSG, GSH, GSH/ GSSG, TBARS, Catalase, and GPx) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured in the hippocampus tissues. The findings indicated that EC had a detrimental effect on the short-term and long-term memory of the animals (p < 0.05). Additionally, EC decreased the levels of GPx, SOD, GSH, the GSH/GSSG ratio, and BDNF (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Furthermore, the GSSG level was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) by EC. However, Vitamin C prevented impairment of memory and restored levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress and BDNF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To summarize, exposure to EC resulted in impairments of memory, both short-term and long-term. However, the administration of Vitamin C prevented these negative effects by its antioxidant properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translational Informatics Driven Drug Repositioning for Neurodegenerative Disease.","authors":"Xin Zheng, Jing Chen, Yuxin Zhang, Shanshan Hu, Cheng Bi, Rajeev K Singla, Mohammad Amjad Kamal, Katsuhisa Horimoto, Bairong Shen","doi":"10.2174/011570159X327908241121062335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570159X327908241121062335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases represent a prevalent category of age-associated diseases. As human lifespans extend and societies become increasingly aged, neurodegenerative diseases pose a growing threat to public health. The lack of effective therapeutic drugs for both common and rare neurodegenerative diseases amplifies the medical challenges they present. Current treatments for these diseases primarily offer symptomatic relief rather than a cure, underscoring the pressing need to develop efficacious therapeutic interventions. Drug repositioning, an innovative and data-driven approach to research and development, proposes the re-evaluation of existing drugs for potential application in new therapeutic areas. Fueled by rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and the burgeoning accumulation of medical data, drug repositioning has emerged as a promising pathway for drug discovery. This review comprehensively examines drug repositioning for neurodegenerative diseases through the lens of translational informatics, encompassing data sources, computational models, and clinical applications. Initially, we systematized drug repositioning-related databases and online platforms, focusing on data resource management and standardization. Subsequently, we classify computational models for drug repositioning from the perspectives of drug-drug, drug-target, and drug-disease interactions into categories such as machine learning, deep learning, and networkbased approaches. Lastly, we highlight computational models presently utilized in neurodegenerative disease research and identify databases that hold potential for future drug repositioning efforts. In the artificial intelligence era, drug repositioning, as a data-driven strategy, offers a promising avenue for developing treatments suited to the complex and multifaceted nature of neurodegenerative diseases. These advancements could furnish patients with more rapid, cost-effective therapeutic options.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informatics Approach Towards Targeting HTR1B Pathways in Neuropharmacology for Migraine Treatment.","authors":"Saleem Ahmad, Li Wang, Imran Zafar, Zain Abbas, Ahsanullah Unar, Mohamed Mohany, Salim S Al-Rejaie, Najeeb Ullah Khan, Ijaz Ali, Muhammad Shafiq","doi":"10.2174/011570159X341703250130064735","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570159X341703250130064735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Migraine is a prevalent and debilitating neurological disorder, with current therapies are frequently ineffective and have side effects. Recent studies in neuropharmacology present the serotonin 1B receptor (HTR1B) receptor as a viable avenue of migraine treatment since it influences pain and vasoconstriction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research broadly uses computational approaches to explain the 5-hydroxytryptamine\u0000receptor 1B (HTR1B) pathways in neuropharmacology for migraine treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Text mining results reveal 25 essential genes, and network pharmacology provides complex mechanisms among genes and proteins, revealing a sophisticated network consisting of 41 nodes and 361 edges. The protein structure and function were elucidated through high-resolution protein modelling and validation, yielding significant new information. The structure has a resolution of 2.05 Å and a C-score of 0.30. The virtual screening explored the best ligands, which had binding affinities ranging from -13.8 to -9.6 kcal/mol from a set of 25 molecules. Docking results indicated that FDA approved ligands showed high binding affinities, ranging from -11.4 to -12.5 kcal/mol among other natural and synthetic libraries. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the potential drugs showed significant diversity in their solubility and lipophilicity qualities (F(2,6) = 15.13, p = 0.004), suggesting different levels of safety and efficacy. MD simulation clarified the dynamic interactions between the protein and ligand at 100ns. The RMSD values were stable within the 6.0-7.5 Å range, indicating a consistent structure. RMSF values revealed areas of flexibility in the protein. The toxicity risk assessment of Xaliproden indicated modest risks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides a foundation for targeted HTR1B-based migraine therapies and highlights the value of informatics tools in accelerating drug discovery in neuropharmacology.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Interaction in a Drug Combination using the Dose-based or Effect-based Method.","authors":"Tinghe Yu, Tianyan Yu, Xinya Li, Min Li","doi":"10.2174/011570159X347472250130111339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570159X347472250130111339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interaction in a drug combination can be assessed using either the method of Chou or Jin's method. The combination index in the former (i.e., CI-C) is calculated based on doses, while the latter (i.e., CI-J) is based on effects. This perspective demonstrates a correlation between 1/CI-C and CI-J when applied to both released and simulated data. Thus, 1/CI-C and CI-J are functionally equivalent for evaluating drug interaction. Combining these two indices is preferred; consistency shows a reliable verdict, and inconsistency indicates a requirement for further analyses. However, it has been observed that evaluating released data raises certain concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Withdrawn: Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy of Severe Electrolyte Disturbances in Rats","authors":"Marija Medvidovic Grubisic, Sanja Strbe, Ivan Barisic, Dijana Balenovic, Vasilije Stambolija, Marin Lozic, Sanja Barsic Ostojic, Ivana Oreskovic, Helena Zizek, Klara Brcic, Luka Coric, Mario Staresinic, Vladimir Blagaic, Lidija Beketic Oreskovic, Zeljka Belosic Halle, Danijel Matek, Dragan Soldo, Boris Grizelj, Alenka Boban Blagaic, Anita Skrtic, Predrag Sikiric, Sven Seiwerth","doi":"10.2174/011570159X349612241205065330","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570159X349612241205065330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article has been withdrawn at the author's request from the website of the journal Current Neuropharmacology.</p><p><p>Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.</p><p><p>The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php</p><p><strong>Bentham science disclaimer: </strong>It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously\u0000submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be\u0000reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article\u0000for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or\u0000fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to\u0000the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Forensic Autopsies with Proteomic Profiling for Suicide Risk Assessment: A Comprehensive Review of Literature.","authors":"Ibrahim H Al-Habash, Asma Mahmoud Alshaeb, Viktorija Belakaposka Srpanova, Djordje Alempijevic, Milica Keckarevic-Markovic, Monica Concato, Davide Radaelli, Stefano D'Errico","doi":"10.2174/011570159X344453241129073214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570159X344453241129073214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide is a major global public health concern that affects people of all ages, with over 700000 individuals intentionally ending their lives every year. Suicide is a multifactorial event related to multiple risk factors interlocking with each other, among which neurobiological factors are considered to be an objective measure of the incidence of this phenomenon and can be used as a measurable tool for evaluating suicidal tendencies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to thoroughly examine available data and assess candidate proteins as prospective biomarkers for predicting suicides and ascertaining the manner of death in forensic cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Science Direct Scopus, and the Excerpta Medica Database. The systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and encompassed case series, prospective and retrospective studies, and short communications published in English. The focus was on proteomics and suicide, specifically, those studies where researchers conducted human proteomic analyses on specimens obtained from individuals who completed or attempted suicide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria, resulting in a dataset of numerous candidate protein biomarkers. These include tenascin-C, potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 3, vimentin-immunoreactive astrocytes, glutathione S-transferase theta 1, iron transport proteins, Acrystallin chain B, manganese superoxide dismutase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, various glycolytic pathway proteins, 14-3-3 eta and 14-3-3 theta proteins, specific cytoskeleton proteins, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein 1, extrinsic coagulation pathway proteins, the vacuolar-type proton pump ATPase subunit, plasma apolipoprotein A-IV, and ER stress proteins. These proteins are proposed as a panel of biomarkers to be evaluated in conjunction with other clinical predictors of suicide.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of all proteomic studies conducted on cases of attempted or completed suicide. By doing so, it seeks to bridge existing gaps in knowledge and pave the way for future investigations. The ultimate goal is to potentially identify a suicide biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Establishes a Delicate Balance between the Level of the Trace Amine Tryptamine and Monoamine Oxidase Activity in the Brain and Periphery in Health and Conditions such as Neurodegenerative, Neurodevelopmental, and Psychiatric Disorders.","authors":"Marta Kot","doi":"10.2174/011570159X340635241022113450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570159X340635241022113450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this review was to analyse the literature regarding the correlation between the level of tryptamine, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling pathway activation, and monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and MAO-B activity in health and conditions such as neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric disorders. Tryptamine is generated through the decarboxylation of tryptophan by aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) in the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), endocrine system, and gut bacteria. Organ-specific metabolism of tryptamine, which is mediated by different MAO isoforms, causes this trace amine to have different pharmacokinetics between the brain and periphery. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by MAO can influence miRNA-CYP enzyme regulatory network and affect mitochondrial function. Tryptamine regulates AHR function by acting as an endogenous ligand for AHR, initiating AHR activation and inhibiting the expression of the CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes. The dysregulation of AHR signalling, triggered by endogenous tryptamine binding, can disrupt the regulation of prolactin levels. Depending on the tryptamine concentration and context, tryptamine can be beneficial or harmful. By acting as an agonist of inhibitory serotonin receptors and trace-amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and an antagonist of excitatory serotonin receptors, it can engage in diverse physiological interactions with serotonin. Increased tryptamine production is observed under hypoxic conditions and is associated with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) activation, leading to AHR activation. Dysregulation of the association between tryptamine levels, AHR signalling pathway activation, and MAO activity are observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5: A Potential Target for Neuropathic Pain Treatment.","authors":"Chalton Manengu, Chun-Hao Zhu, Guo-Dong Zhang, Miao-Miao Tian, Xiao-Bing Lan, Li-Jun Tao, Lin Ma, Yue Liu, Jian-Qiang Yu, Ning Liu","doi":"10.2174/1570159X23666241011163035","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X23666241011163035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropathic pain, a multifaceted and incapacitating disorder, impacts a significant number of individuals globally. Despite thorough investigation, the development of efficacious remedies for neuropathic pain continues to be a formidable task. Recent research has revealed the potential of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) as a target for managing neuropathic pain. mGlu5 is a receptor present in the central nervous system that has a vital function in regulating synaptic transmission and the excitability of neurons. This article seeks to investigate the importance of mGlu5 in neuropathic pain pathways, analyze the pharmacological approach of targeting mGlu5 for neuropathic pain treatment, and review the negative allosteric mGlu5 modulators used to target mGlu5. By comprehending the role of mGlu5 in neuropathic pain, we can discover innovative treatment approaches to ease the distress endured by persons afflicted with this incapacitating ailment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"276-294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral and Long-acting Injectable Aripiprazole in Severe Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorder Comorbidity: An Updated Systematic Review.","authors":"Mario Santorelli, Andrea Miuli, Mauro Pettorruso, Francesco Di Carlo, Domenico De Berardis, Stefano L Sensi, Giovanni Martinotti, Massimo Clerici, Massimo di Giannantonio","doi":"10.2174/1570159X23666241023115252","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X23666241023115252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Co-occurrence of substance use disorders is frequent in patients with mental health disorders is a condition known as \"dual diagnosis\". The use of substances worsens the prognosis and lowers the quality of life of psychiatric patients. It also increases the risk of hospitalization and suicide rate.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the effects of aripiprazole therapy on substance use and other psychiatric outcomes in dually diagnosed patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review conducted on 3 databases PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, selecting original studies and analyzing the impact of aripiprazole therapy on dually diagnosed patients. Six hundred and fifty-five articles were founded and, after removing duplicates (n = 274) and applying the exclusion criteria, 12 articles were included in our systematic review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>12 studies were included, among which 6 were Randomized Controlled Trials. The Most frequent psychiatric diagnosis were schizoaffective disorders, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorders. Alcohol and cocaine use disorders were the most used substances. Eleven studies showed a clinical improvement after aripiprazole treatment. 8 studies evaluated craving and found a significant reduction after treatment with aripiprazole. No definitive conclusions can be drawn on substance usage and maintenance of abstinence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present findings suggest aripiprazole may be associated with reducing substance craving and improving depression, psychosis, and schizoaffective disorders in dually diagnosed patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"404-411"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}