Current Neuropharmacology最新文献

Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain and Glycolipid Metabolism Aberrations in First-Episode and Antipsychotic-Naïve Schizophrenia Patients: A Longitudinal Study. 奥氮平诱发首发和抗精神病药物无效的精神分裂症患者体重增加和糖脂代谢异常：一项纵向研究。

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Neuropharmacology Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X23666240918103730

Shen Li, Doudou Zheng, Wanyao Wang, Nannan Liu, Yanzhe Li, Chenghao Lu, Yeqing Dong, Xinxu Wang, Wei-Dong Li, Jie Li

{"title":"Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain and Glycolipid Metabolism Aberrations in First-Episode and Antipsychotic-Naïve Schizophrenia Patients: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Shen Li, Doudou Zheng, Wanyao Wang, Nannan Liu, Yanzhe Li, Chenghao Lu, Yeqing Dong, Xinxu Wang, Wei-Dong Li, Jie Li","doi":"10.2174/1570159X23666240918103730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X23666240918103730","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Limited research has delved into the comprehensive impact of monotherapy on weight and glycolipid metabolism in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients. Our study aims to longitudinally investigate the multidimensional effects of olanzapine (OLA) monotherapy on weight and glycolipid metabolism in first-episode and antipsychotic-naïve (FEAN) SCZ patients.Methods: A total of 74 FEAN-SCZ patients were recruited, as well as 58 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Eligible patients underwent a 4-week OLA treatment regimen, with weight assessments conducted at baseline and week 4. Moreover, lipid profiles and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured at baseline and week 4. Insulin, leptin (LEP), and adiponectin (APN) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.Results: At baseline, FEAN-SCZ patients showed elevated levels of insulin, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), impaired insulin sensitivity, and reduced levels of APN compared to the healthy controls. Following 4-week OLA treatment, patients showed an increase in body mass index (BMI) of 0.96 kg/m2. Additionally, FPG, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), HOMA-insulin sensitivity index (HOMA-ISI), and fasting plasma glucose to insulin ratio (G/I) displayed significant decreases, while insulin, HOMA-IR, and LEP levels showed significant increases. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that baseline FPG independently predicted the change in BMI after 4 weeks of OLA treatment.Conclusion: FEAN-SCZ patients exhibited pre-existing alterations in glucose homeostasis. After 4 weeks of OLA treatment, SCZ patients experienced significant weight gain, deteriorating insulin resistance, and increased LEP levels. In addition, baseline FPG emerged as a predictor of BMI changes after 4 weeks of OLA treatment.","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Confluence of Animal Medicine and its Implications for Human Health: A Systematic Literature Review 探索动物医学的融合及其对人类健康的影响：系统文献综述

IF 5.3 2区医学

Current Neuropharmacology Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.2174/011570159x333443240822115028

Josie Dunn, Fabrizio Schifano, Ed Dudley, Amira Guirguis

{"title":"Exploring the Confluence of Animal Medicine and its Implications for Human Health: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Josie Dunn, Fabrizio Schifano, Ed Dudley, Amira Guirguis","doi":"10.2174/011570159x333443240822115028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570159x333443240822115028","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The abuse of veterinary drugs has emerged as a concerning trend, with global fatalities on the rise. Our understanding of this phenomenon remains limited. This study aims to identify the veterinary drugs being misused, the reasons behind their misuse, and how they are obtained. Methods: Utilising PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, along with related grey literature, we applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) framework for data collection. Screening and cross-referencing yielded 66 relevant articles, encompassing case reports, surveys, reports, and systemic literature reviews. The analysis identified 28 distinct veterinary drugs being misused in humans, primarily falling into categories, e.g., α-2- and β-2-adrenergic receptor agonists, GABAergic receptor modulators, opioid receptor agonists, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. These drugs were used for various purposes, including recreational use, weight loss, bodybuilding, pain relief, and self-medication for stress-related symptoms. Results: Routes of administration predominantly included parenteral, oral, and inhalation methods. Veterinary workers/assistants and individuals connected to animals were identified as contributors to the misuse of these medications. Motivations for their utilisation ranged from affordability and accessibility to the ease of obtaining multiple prescriptions from various veterinary sources, often in conjunction with other illicit substances. Dependence and addiction were common outcomes of the misuse of veterinary medicines by humans. Conclusion: Overall, this systematic review underscores the increasing popularity of veterinary prescription drug misuse despite being under-reported with limited available data. Healthcare professionals are urged to remain vigilant to potential overdose events involving these medications.","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disease-Modifying Symptomatic Treatment (DMST) Potential of Cannabinoids in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. 大麻素在多发性硬化症患者中的疾病缓解症状治疗 (DMST) 潜力。

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Neuropharmacology Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.2174/011570159X329058240820070701

Antonio Bruno, Pietro Annovazzi, Marinella Clerico, Eleonora Cocco, Antonella Conte, Girolama Alessandra Marfia, Marco Salvetti, Valentina Tomassini, Valentina Torri Clerici, Rocco Totaro, Ettore Dolcetti, Diego Centonze

{"title":"Disease-Modifying Symptomatic Treatment (DMST) Potential of Cannabinoids in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Antonio Bruno, Pietro Annovazzi, Marinella Clerico, Eleonora Cocco, Antonella Conte, Girolama Alessandra Marfia, Marco Salvetti, Valentina Tomassini, Valentina Torri Clerici, Rocco Totaro, Ettore Dolcetti, Diego Centonze","doi":"10.2174/011570159X329058240820070701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570159X329058240820070701","url":null,"abstract":"With the recent introduction of a number of highly effective disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) and the resulting almost complete prevention of acute relapses in many patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), the interest of MS clinicians has gradually shifted from relapse prevention to counteraction of disease progression and the treatment of residual symptoms. Targeting the cannabinoid system with nabiximols is an approved and effective strategy for the treatment of spasticity secondary to MS. Recently, the concept of spasticity plus syndrome (SPS) was introduced to account for the evidence that spasticity often appears in MS patients in clusters with other symptoms (such as pain, bladder dysfunction, sleep, and mood disorders), where cannabinoids can also be effective due to their broader action on many immune and neuronal functions. Interestingly, outside these symptomatic benefits, extensive pre-clinical and clinical research indicated how the modulation of the cannabinoid system results in significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, all potentially relevant for MS disease control. This evidence makes nabiximols a potential disease modifying symptomatic treatment (DMST), a concept introduced in an attempt to overcome the often artificial distinction between DMTs and symptomatic therapies (STs).","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disease-Modifying Symptomatic Treatment (DMST): The Potential Role of Vortioxetine in the Treatment of Depression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. 疾病缓解症状治疗（DMST）：伏替西汀在治疗多发性硬化症患者抑郁中的潜在作用》。

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Neuropharmacology Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.2174/011570159X326862240909105845

Ettore Dolcetti, Pietro Annovazzi, Marinella Clerico, Eleonora Cocco, Antonella Conte, Girolama Alessandra Marfia, Marco Salvetti, Valentina Tomassini, Valentina Torri Clerici, Rocco Totaro, Antonio Bruno, Diego Centonze

{"title":"Disease-Modifying Symptomatic Treatment (DMST): The Potential Role of Vortioxetine in the Treatment of Depression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Ettore Dolcetti, Pietro Annovazzi, Marinella Clerico, Eleonora Cocco, Antonella Conte, Girolama Alessandra Marfia, Marco Salvetti, Valentina Tomassini, Valentina Torri Clerici, Rocco Totaro, Antonio Bruno, Diego Centonze","doi":"10.2174/011570159X326862240909105845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570159X326862240909105845","url":null,"abstract":"In multiple sclerosis (MS), alongside the physical symptoms, individuals often grapple with anxiety and depressive symptoms as prevalent comorbidity. Mood disturbances, frequently undertreated in clinical practice, significantly impact the quality of life of individuals with MS, exacerbating disability and hindering overall well-being. Furthermore, traditional antidepressant therapies are often associated with adverse events, such as sexual side effect, weight gain, which could limit their use in these patients. Vortioxetine is one of the most innovative antidepressant drugs in the current pharmacopeia. Its pharmacological profile includes serotonin reuptake inhibition, antagonism for hydroxytryptamine (HT) receptors 5-HT3, 5-HT1D and 5-HT7, partial agonism for 5-HT1B, and agonism for 5-HT1A. It has been shown to have a beneficial effect on depression-related cognitive dysfunction, as well as on anxiety, depression, anhedonia and emotional blunting. Recently a potential anti-inflammatory action was also described. Limited clinical studies have specifically explored the efficacy of vortioxetine in treating depressive symptoms in MS. However, extrapolating from existing research in major depressive disorder, it is plausible that vortioxetine's multimodal mechanism could provide a favorable therapeutic approach. This position paper, which summarizes the output of annual clinical meeting held by the DMSTs in MS Italian Study Group, is focused on the possible role that vortioxetine could play as symptomatic treatment (ST) of depressed patients with MS, hypothesizing a direct impact on the clinical course of the disease.","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Potent Addictive Substances on Angiogenic Behavior: A Comprehensive Review. 强效成瘾物质对血管生成行为的影响：全面回顾

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Neuropharmacology Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X23666240905125037

Laith Naser Al-Eitan, Saif Zuhair Alahmad, Iliya Yacoub Khair

{"title":"The Impact of Potent Addictive Substances on Angiogenic Behavior: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Laith Naser Al-Eitan, Saif Zuhair Alahmad, Iliya Yacoub Khair","doi":"10.2174/1570159X23666240905125037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X23666240905125037","url":null,"abstract":"Angiogenesis, the formation of new vasculature from preexisting vasculature, is involved in the development of several diseases as well as various physiological processes. Strict cooperation of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors mediates the control of angiogenesis. The fundamental steps in angiogenesis include endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Addictive substances, which are considered therapeutic candidates in research and medicine, are classified as natural substances, such as nicotine, or synthetic substances, such as synthetic cannabinoids. Addictive substances have been shown to either enhance or suppress angiogenesis. This review article provides an overview of recent studies concerning the effects of several addictive substances on the process of angiogenesis. Google Scholar and PubMed were used to collect the scientific literature used in this review. The addictive substances addressed in this review are nicotine, opioids such as morphine and heroin, alcohol, cocaine, methamphetamine, and cannabinoids. An accurate assessment of the influence of these substances on the angiogenic process may help to construct a potentially effective therapeutic protocol to control and treat several angiogenesis-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacological Strategies and Surgical Management of Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Following Germinal Matrix-Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants. 早产儿胚芽基质-脑室出血后出血性脑积水的药物治疗策略和手术治疗。

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Neuropharmacology Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X23666240906115817

Zhao Yang, Tian Tian Luo, Ya-Lan Dai, Han-Xiao Duan, Cheong-Meng Chong, Jun Tang

{"title":"Pharmacological Strategies and Surgical Management of Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Following Germinal Matrix-Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants.","authors":"Zhao Yang, Tian Tian Luo, Ya-Lan Dai, Han-Xiao Duan, Cheong-Meng Chong, Jun Tang","doi":"10.2174/1570159X23666240906115817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X23666240906115817","url":null,"abstract":"Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is a detrimental neurological complication that occurs in preterm infants, especially in babies born before 32 weeks of gestation and in those with a very low birth weight. GM-IVH is defined as a rupture of the immature and fragile capillaries located in the subependymal germinal matrix zone of the preterm infant brain, and it can lead to detrimental neurological sequelae such as posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), cerebral palsy, and other cognitive impairments. PHH following GM-IVH is difficult to treat in the clinic, and no levelone strategies have been recommended to pediatric neurosurgeons. Several cellular and molecular mechanisms of PHH following GM-IVH have been studied in animal models, but no effective pharmacological strategies have been used in the clinic. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms, potential pharmacological strategies, and surgical management of PHH is urgently needed. The present review presents a synopsis of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and cellular and molecular mechanisms of PHH following GM-IVH and explores pharmacological strategies and surgical management.","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Oxybate in Treating Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 羟丁酸钠治疗酒精使用障碍的长期疗效和安全性：系统回顾与元分析》。

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Neuropharmacology Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X22666240902100058

Letizia Biso, Andrea Spini, Francesco Petragnano, Roberto Maggio, Marco Scarselli, Marco Carli

{"title":"Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Oxybate in Treating Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Letizia Biso, Andrea Spini, Francesco Petragnano, Roberto Maggio, Marco Scarselli, Marco Carli","doi":"10.2174/1570159X22666240902100058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X22666240902100058","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Worldwide, three million deaths each year are reported due to the harmful use of alcohol. To date, only a few drugs have been approved for the treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of sodium oxybate (SMO) treatment in patients with AUD.Methods: We followed the PRISMA statement guidelines and searched PubMed and ISI Web of Science to retrieve the studies of interest. In total, 13 studies on long-term (>12 weeks) SMO administra- tion in patients with AUD were included in this systematic review, and 7 were included in the meta- analysis.Results: Overall, the abstinence rate after 12 weeks of treatment was similar in the SMO and placebo groups, while it was significantly in favour of SMO compared to Naltrexone (NTX). The completion rate was similar in all three conditions. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) levels favoured SMO over NTX, while Alcohol Craving Scale (ACS) scores did not favour SMO. The incidence of adverse reactions varied widely between studies.Conclusion: SMO in the chronic treatment of patients with AUD showed no superiority to placebo in our analysis of published RCTs, although many observational studies reported its beneficial effect in the long term. On the contrary, SMO was superior to NTX treatment on abstinence. The rate of study completion was similar in the three groups. Safety was not an issue in any of the studies included. Further studies are needed to better assess SMO efficacy and safety in the long term..","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Major Depression in Comorbidity with Substance use Disorders: Patients' Features and Clinical-Neurobiological Rationale of Antidepressant Treatments. 重度抑郁症与药物使用障碍的合并症：患者特征和抗抑郁治疗的临床神经生物学原理。

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Neuropharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X22666240827165327

Sergio De Filippis, Giovanni Martinotti, Ferdinando Nicoletti, Andrea Mastrostefano, Giada Trovini, Anna Pugliese, Marco Di Nicola

{"title":"Major Depression in Comorbidity with Substance use Disorders: Patients' Features and Clinical-Neurobiological Rationale of Antidepressant Treatments.","authors":"Sergio De Filippis, Giovanni Martinotti, Ferdinando Nicoletti, Andrea Mastrostefano, Giada Trovini, Anna Pugliese, Marco Di Nicola","doi":"10.2174/1570159X22666240827165327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X22666240827165327","url":null,"abstract":"The frequent co-occurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) entails significant clinical challenges. Compared to patients with MDD alone, patients with MDD and SUD often show increased anhedonia, emotional blunting, and impaired cognitive function. These symptoms lead to an inability to control cravings, more substance use, increased relapse rates, and poor adherence to the treatment. This fosters a detrimental cycle leading to more severe depressive symptoms, functional impairment, and chronicity, culminating in heightened morbidity, mortality, and healthcare resource utilization. Data on antidepressant treatment of MDD-SUD patients are inconclusive and often conflicting because of a number of confounding factors in clinical trials or difficulty in dissecting the specific contributions of pharmacological versus psychological interventions in real-world studies. The patient's unique clinical features and specific SUD and MDD subtypes must be considered when choosing treatments. Ideally, drug treatment for MDD-SUD should act on both conditions and address core symptoms such as anhedonia, craving, and cognitive dysfunction while ensuring minimal emotional blunting, absence of drug interactions, and no addictive potential. This approach aims to address unmet needs and optimize the outcomes in a clinical population often underrepresented in treatment paradigms.","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Association of Framingham Risk Score with Patient Determined Disease Steps in a Cohort of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients: An Italian Real-World Monocentric Experience. 复发-缓解型多发性硬化症患者队列中的弗雷明汉风险评分与患者自定疾病阶梯的关联：意大利真实世界的单中心经验。

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Neuropharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X22666240815120018

Aurora Zanghì, Paola Sofia Di Filippo, Carlo Avolio, Emanuele D'Amico

{"title":"An Association of Framingham Risk Score with Patient Determined Disease Steps in a Cohort of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients: An Italian Real-World Monocentric Experience.","authors":"Aurora Zanghì, Paola Sofia Di Filippo, Carlo Avolio, Emanuele D'Amico","doi":"10.2174/1570159X22666240815120018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X22666240815120018","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The associations between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and cardiovascular diseases, drawn from epidemiological studies, have attracted much attention in recent years.Materials and methods: The present study employed a monocentric, observational, retrospective cohort design. The primary objective of the study was to describe the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) rate in a cross-sectional analysis of our cohort of relapsing-remitting MS patients who are regularly followed up and, if applicable, to identify any association with the patient's Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS). Cardiovascular risk was classified as follows: low if the FRS is less than 10%, moderate if it is 10% to 19%, and high if it is 20% or higher.Results: A total cohort of 229 patients was enrolled. The sample consists of 163 women (71.2%). FRS categories were distributed as follows: 97 (42.3%) patients had low FRS, 84 (36.7%) patients had moderate FRS, and 48 (21%) patients had high FRS. In the univariable ordinal regression analysis, one one-point increase in the PDDS scale was associated with a 24% risk of high FRS (vs. low) (proportional odds ratio [OR] =2.426, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.660-3.545; p <.0001). The results were also confirmed by the EDSS score, with a point increase in the EDSS score associated with a 19% risk of high FRS (vs. low) (proportional OR =1.953, 95% CI 1.429-2.669-1.04; p <.0001).Conclusion: The FRS demonstrated an association with the patient's \"perception of the disease\" as indicated by the PDDS. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to adequately address cardiovascular risk in life-threatening conditions, such as MS.","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Depression and the Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle. 抑郁症与谷氨酸/GABA-谷氨酰胺循环

IF 4.8 2区医学

Current Neuropharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X22666240815120244

Mortimer Mamelak

{"title":"Depression and the Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle.","authors":"Mortimer Mamelak","doi":"10.2174/1570159X22666240815120244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X22666240815120244","url":null,"abstract":"Many features of major depressive disorder are mirrored in rodent models of psychological stress. These models have been used to examine the relationship between the activation of the hypo- thalamic-pituitary axis in response to stress, the development of oxidative stress and neuroinflamma- tion, the dominance of cholinergic neurotransmission and the associated increase in REM sleep pres- sure. Rodent models have also provided valuable insights into the impairment of glycolysis and brain glucose utilization by the brain under stress, the resulting decrease in brain energy production and the reduction in glutamate/GABA -glutamine cycling. The rapidly acting antidepressants, scopolamine, ketamine and ECT, all raise extracellular glutamate and scopolamine and ketamine have specifically been shown to increase glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycling in men and rodents with corresponding short-term relief of depression. The nightly use of gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB) may achieve more permanent results and may even act prophylactically to prevent the development or recurrence of de- pression. GHB is a GABAB agonist and restores the normal balance between cholinergic and mono- aminergic neurotransmission by inhibiting cholinergic neurotransmission. It relieves REM sleep pres- sure. GHB's metabolism generates NADPH, a key antioxidant cofactor. Its metabolism also generates succinate, the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate, to provide energy to the cell and to synthesize glu- tamate. In both animals and man, GHB increases the level of brain glutamate.","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0