Current Neuropharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Establishes a Delicate Balance between the Level of the Trace Amine Tryptamine and Monoamine Oxidase Activity in the Brain and Periphery in Health and Conditions such as Neurodegenerative, Neurodevelopmental, and Psychiatric Disorders.","authors":"Marta Kot","doi":"10.2174/011570159X340635241022113450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570159X340635241022113450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this review was to analyse the literature regarding the correlation between the level of tryptamine, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling pathway activation, and monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and MAO-B activity in health and conditions such as neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric disorders. Tryptamine is generated through the decarboxylation of tryptophan by aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) in the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), endocrine system, and gut bacteria. Organ-specific metabolism of tryptamine, which is mediated by different MAO isoforms, causes this trace amine to have different pharmacokinetics between the brain and periphery. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by MAO can influence miRNA-CYP enzyme regulatory network and affect mitochondrial function. Tryptamine regulates AHR function by acting as an endogenous ligand for AHR, initiating AHR activation and inhibiting the expression of the CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes. The dysregulation of AHR signalling, triggered by endogenous tryptamine binding, can disrupt the regulation of prolactin levels. Depending on the tryptamine concentration and context, tryptamine can be beneficial or harmful. By acting as an agonist of inhibitory serotonin receptors and trace-amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and an antagonist of excitatory serotonin receptors, it can engage in diverse physiological interactions with serotonin. Increased tryptamine production is observed under hypoxic conditions and is associated with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) activation, leading to AHR activation. Dysregulation of the association between tryptamine levels, AHR signalling pathway activation, and MAO activity are observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5: A Potential Target for Neuropathic Pain Treatment.","authors":"Chalton Manengu, Chun-Hao Zhu, Guo-Dong Zhang, Miao-Miao Tian, Xiao-Bing Lan, Li-Jun Tao, Lin Ma, Yue Liu, Jian-Qiang Yu, Ning Liu","doi":"10.2174/1570159X23666241011163035","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X23666241011163035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropathic pain, a multifaceted and incapacitating disorder, impacts a significant number of individuals globally. Despite thorough investigation, the development of efficacious remedies for neuropathic pain continues to be a formidable task. Recent research has revealed the potential of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) as a target for managing neuropathic pain. mGlu5 is a receptor present in the central nervous system that has a vital function in regulating synaptic transmission and the excitability of neurons. This article seeks to investigate the importance of mGlu5 in neuropathic pain pathways, analyze the pharmacological approach of targeting mGlu5 for neuropathic pain treatment, and review the negative allosteric mGlu5 modulators used to target mGlu5. By comprehending the role of mGlu5 in neuropathic pain, we can discover innovative treatment approaches to ease the distress endured by persons afflicted with this incapacitating ailment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"276-294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral and Long-acting Injectable Aripiprazole in Severe Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorder Comorbidity: An Updated Systematic Review.","authors":"Mario Santorelli, Andrea Miuli, Mauro Pettorruso, Francesco Di Carlo, Domenico De Berardis, Stefano L Sensi, Giovanni Martinotti, Massimo Clerici, Massimo di Giannantonio","doi":"10.2174/1570159X23666241023115252","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X23666241023115252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Co-occurrence of substance use disorders is frequent in patients with mental health disorders is a condition known as \"dual diagnosis\". The use of substances worsens the prognosis and lowers the quality of life of psychiatric patients. It also increases the risk of hospitalization and suicide rate.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the effects of aripiprazole therapy on substance use and other psychiatric outcomes in dually diagnosed patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review conducted on 3 databases PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, selecting original studies and analyzing the impact of aripiprazole therapy on dually diagnosed patients. Six hundred and fifty-five articles were founded and, after removing duplicates (n = 274) and applying the exclusion criteria, 12 articles were included in our systematic review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>12 studies were included, among which 6 were Randomized Controlled Trials. The Most frequent psychiatric diagnosis were schizoaffective disorders, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorders. Alcohol and cocaine use disorders were the most used substances. Eleven studies showed a clinical improvement after aripiprazole treatment. 8 studies evaluated craving and found a significant reduction after treatment with aripiprazole. No definitive conclusions can be drawn on substance usage and maintenance of abstinence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present findings suggest aripiprazole may be associated with reducing substance craving and improving depression, psychosis, and schizoaffective disorders in dually diagnosed patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"404-411"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Silico</i> Pharmacogenomic Assessment of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) Agonists and the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) Related Pathways: Implications for Suicidal Ideation and Substance Use Disorder.","authors":"Alireza Sharafshah, Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Mark S Gold, Brian Fuehrlein, John Wesson Ashford, Panayotis K Thanos, Gene Jack Wang, Colin Hanna, Jean Lud Cadet, Eliot L Gardner, Jag H Khalsa, Eric R Braverman, David Baron, Igor Elman, Catherine A Dennen, Abdalla Bowirrat, Albert Pinhasov, Edward J Modestino, Paul R Carney, Rene Cortese, Rossano Kepler Alvim Fiorelli, Sergio Schmidt, Aryeh R Pollack, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, Kenneth Blum","doi":"10.2174/011570159X349579241231080602","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570159X349579241231080602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor (GLP1R) agonists have become widespread anti-obesity/diabetes pharmaceuticals in the United States.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This article aimed to provide our current knowledge on the plausible mechanisms linked to the role of Ozempic (Semaglutide), which is generalized as one of the anti-addiction compounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effects of GLP1R agonists in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and substance use disorder (SUD) are mediated, in part, through the downregulation of dopamine signaling. We posit that while GLP1R agonism could offer therapeutic advantages in hyperdopaminergia, it may be detrimental in patients with hypodopaminergia, potentially leading to long-term induction of Suicidal Ideation (SI). The alleged posit of GLP1 agonists to induce dopamine homeostasis is incorrect. This study refined 31 genes based on the targets of Ozempic, <i>GLP1R</i>, and related enzymes for SI and 10 genes of the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) test. STRING-MODEL refined 29 genes, and further primary analyses indicated associations of <i>GLP1R</i> with <i>DRD3, BDNF, CREB1, CRH, IL6</i>, and <i>DPP4</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In-depth silico enrichment analysis revealed an association between candidate genes and depressive phenotypes linked with dopaminergic signaling. Finally, through primary and in-depth silico analyses, we demonstrated multiple findings supporting that GLP1R agonists can induce depression phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that associated polymorphisms seem to have overlapping effects with addictive behaviors of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) and dopamine regulation. Consequently, GLP1R agonists may represent a double-edged sword, potentially triggering both antiaddictive effects and SI by exacerbating depressive phenotypes. Thus, we encourage the scientific community to perform further empirical clinical studies to confirm this proposed pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"974-995"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12174944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Oxybate in Treating Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Letizia Biso, Andrea Spini, Francesco Petragnano, Roberto Maggio, Marco Scarselli, Marco Carli","doi":"10.2174/1570159X22666240902100058","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X22666240902100058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Worldwide, three million deaths each year are reported due to the harmful use of alcohol. To date, only a few drugs have been approved for the treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of sodium oxybate (SMO) treatment in patients with AUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We followed the PRISMA statement guidelines and searched PubMed and ISI Web of Science to retrieve the studies of interest. In total, 13 studies on long-term (>12 weeks) SMO administration in patients with AUD were included in this systematic review, and 7 were included in the metaanalysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the abstinence rate after 12 weeks of treatment was similar in the SMO and placebo groups, while it was significantly in favour of SMO compared to Naltrexone (NTX). The completion rate was similar in all three conditions. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) levels favoured SMO over NTX, while Alcohol Craving Scale (ACS) scores did not favour SMO. The incidence of adverse reactions varied widely between studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SMO in the chronic treatment of patients with AUD showed no superiority to placebo in our analysis of published RCTs, although many observational studies reported its beneficial effect in the long term. On the contrary, SMO was superior to NTX treatment on abstinence. The rate of study completion was similar in the three groups. Safety was not an issue in any of the studies included. Further studies are needed to better assess SMO efficacy and safety in the long term.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"579-593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12163471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases.","authors":"Tong Nie, Li You, Fang Tang, Yanhui Duan, Eugenie Nepovimova, Kamil Kuca, Qinghua Wu, Wei Wei","doi":"10.2174/1570159X23666241101093436","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X23666241101093436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) pose a formidable challenge to healthcare systems worldwide due to their complex pathogenesis, significant morbidity, and mortality. Scope and Approach: This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the central role of the microbiotagut- brain axis (MGBA) in ND pathogenesis. Specifically, it delves into the perturbations within the gut microbiota and its metabolomic landscape, as well as the structural and functional transformations of the gastrointestinal and blood-brain barrier interfaces in ND patients. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in medicinal and dietary interventions tailored to modulate the MGBA for ND therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Accumulating evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in ND pathogenesis through the MGBA. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and associated metabolites instigate structural modifications and augmented permeability of both the gastrointestinal barrier and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These alterations facilitate the transit of microbial molecules from the gut to the brain <i>via</i> neural, endocrine, and immune pathways, potentially contributing to the etiology of NDs. Numerous investigational strategies, encompassing prebiotic and probiotic interventions, pharmaceutical trials, and dietary adaptations, are actively explored to harness the microbiota for ND treatment. This work endeavors to enhance our comprehension of the intricate mechanisms underpinning ND pathogenesis, offering valuable insights for the development of innovative therapeutic modalities targeting these debilitating disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"524-546"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12163470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Alcohol on EEG Activity: A Systematic Review Focused on Sex-Related Differences in Youth.","authors":"Adrian S Elliott, Roman D Moreno-Fernández, Patricia Sampedro-Piquero","doi":"10.2174/1570159X23666241106095027","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X23666241106095027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most electroencephalographic (EEG) investigations on alcohol have focused on adults, and scarce data is available about the potential of EEG measurements to detect young people at high-risk, as well as, to understand possible sex differences in alcohol impact on the brain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review aimed to explore sex-related differences in EEG among young people with alcohol misuse, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and offspring of families with AUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of the literature was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Review protocol was registered in Prospero (ID: CRD42024511471). After article selection process and quality assessment, 25 studies were included in our review. The search included participants between 12 and 30 years old with problematic alcohol consumption, as defined by DSM, AUDIT, or specific alcohol misuse questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It seems that beta was generally higher in young males with AUD, and they usually exhibited greater interhemispheric connectivity (interHC), whereas young females with AUD tended towards enhanced intraHC. P3 appears to be particularly sensitive to alcohol misuse, with males typically exhibiting a lower amplitude than young females. Other event related potentials (ERPs) such as N415, P640, and the error-related negativity (ERN) lacked sufficient methodological support to draw conclusions regarding sex differences, N340 and P540 suggested avenues for expanding research on memory processing, indicating differences in amplitude between males and females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering sex variables in clinical research will enhance our understanding of alterations in brain function and structure with the goal of tailoring treatment strategies for AUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"705-727"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12163477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortisol Imbalance and Fear Learning in PTSD: Therapeutic Approaches to Control Abnormal Fear Responses.","authors":"Simone Battaglia, Chiara Di Fazio, Sara Borgomaneri, Alessio Avenanti","doi":"10.2174/1570159X23666250123142526","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X23666250123142526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is mainly characterized by dysregulated fear responses, including hyperarousal and intrusive re-experiencing of traumatic memories. This work delves into the intricate interplay between abnormal fear responses, cortisol dysregulation, and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, elucidating their role in the manifestation of PTSD. Given the persistent nature of PTSD symptoms and the limitations of conventional therapies, innovative interventions are urgently needed. One promising avenue of research revolves around the modulation of cortisol through targeting receptors, with dexamethasone emerging as a critical agent capable of reducing cortisol levels, thus potentially aiding in the extinction of fear. In this study, we emphasize the need for innovative interventions in the neuropharmacological treatment of PTSD, focusing on cortisol modulation and its impact on fear regulation mechanisms. The complex interplay between the HPA axis, cortisol modulation, and fear dysregulation not only broadens our comprehension but also reveals promising paths to enhance therapeutic outcomes for individuals struggling with PTSD, underscoring a crucial need for more effective treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"835-846"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12163469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Augmentation Strategy against Depression Combining SSRIs and the N-terminal Fragment of Galanin (1-15).","authors":"Antonio Flores-Burgess, Carmelo Millon, Noelia Cantero-Garcia, Juan Pedro Pineda-Gomez, Marta Flores-Gomez, Zaida Diaz-Cabiale","doi":"10.2174/1570159X23666241003125019","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X23666241003125019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is one of the most disabling mental disorders, with the second highest social burden; its prevalence has grown by more than 27% in recent years, affecting 246 million in 2021. Despite the wide range of antidepressants available, more than 50% of patients show treatment-resistant depression. In this review, we summarized the progress in developing a new augmentation strategy based on combining the N-terminal fragment of Galanin (1-15) and SSRI-type antidepressants in animal models.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"295-309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiRNA Dysregulation in Brain Injury: An <i>In Silico</i> Study to Clarify the Role of a MiRNA Set.","authors":"Francesco Sessa, Cristoforo Pomara, Flavia Schembari, Massimiliano Esposito, Emanuele Capasso, Mauro Pesaresi, Eduardo Osuna, Efehan Ulas, Christian Zammit, Monica Salerno","doi":"10.2174/1570159X22666240808124427","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1570159X22666240808124427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The identification of specific circulating miRNAs has been proposed as a valuable tool for elucidating the pathophysiology of brain damage or injury and predicting patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to apply several bioinformatic tools in order to clarify miRNA interactions with potential genes involved in brain injury, emphasizing the need of using a computational approach to determine the most likely correlations between miRNAs and target genes. Specifically, this study centers on elucidating the roles of miR-34b, miR-34c, miR-135a, miR-200c, and miR-451a.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After a careful evaluation of different software available (analyzing the strengths and limitations), we applied three tools, one to perform an analysis of the validated targets (miRTarBase), and two to evaluate functional annotations (miRBase and TAM 2.0).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Research findings indicate elevated levels of miR-135a and miR-34b in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) within the first day post-injury, while miR-200c and miR-34c were found to be upregulated after 7 days. Moreover, miR-451a and miR-135a were found overexpressed in the serum, while miRNAs 34b, 34c, and 200c, had lower serum levels at baseline post brain injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study emphasizes the use of computational methods in determining the most likely relationships between miRNAs and target genes by investigating several bioinformatic techniques to elucidate miRNA interactions with potential genes. Specifically, this study focuses on the functions of miR-34b, miR-34c, miR-135a, miR-200c, and miR-451a, providing an up-to-date overview and suggesting future research directions for identifying theranomiRNAs related to brain injury, both at the tissue and serum levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"209-231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11793054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}