小胶质细胞在多发性硬化中的双重作用及其对诊断和修复的意义。

IF 4.8 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES
Melissa T Goulart, Davi T U Queiroz, Fabíola M Ribeiro
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引用次数: 0

摘要

小胶质细胞在中枢神经系统的发育、免疫监视和修复中发挥着至关重要的作用。这些细胞在多发性硬化症(MS)中发挥着多方面的作用,有证据表明,小胶质细胞既能促进活动性炎症,也能促进髓鞘再形成。例如,有研究表明,小胶质细胞可以支持少突胶质细胞的发育并吞噬髓鞘碎屑,从而帮助适当的髓鞘再形成。然而,多发性硬化症病灶中的小胶质细胞过度激活会通过释放炎性细胞因子、促进星形胶质细胞和免疫细胞的活化来加剧神经炎症,促进脱髓鞘,并最终导致多发性硬化症的病理变化。事实上,有研究表明,激活的小胶质细胞模式与多发性硬化症的慢性化之间存在相关性。因此,尽管目前还很难确定这些细胞是敌是友,但毫无疑问,小胶质细胞将成为未来多发性硬化症诊断和治疗的相关目标,而进一步的研究将有助于明确这些细胞在多发性硬化症中的作用。核磁共振成像(MRI)和正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET)可评估小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞的生物标志物,有助于对患者的疾病分期进行临床评估。此外,新的小胶质细胞特异性标志物正在被发现,这将提高诊断的精确度,有助于识别多发性硬化症的活动性和慢性病灶。由于小胶质细胞参与了多发性硬化症的所有阶段,因此这些细胞也是重要的药物靶点。在这篇综述中,我们将重点介绍目前对小胶质细胞在多发性硬化症进展中所起作用的理解,以及支持这些细胞的炎症和修复功能的证据。我们还将回顾小胶质细胞如何为多发性硬化症的诊断提供新的生物标志物并成为潜在的治疗靶点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Dual Role of Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis and its Implications for Diagnostics and Repair.

Microglia play a crucial role in the development, immune surveillance, and repair of the central nervous system. These cells play a multifaceted role in multiple sclerosis (MS), with evidence suggesting that microglia can promote both active inflammation and remyelination. For instance, it has been shown that microglia can support the development of oligodendrocytes and phagocytose myelin debris, thus aiding in proper remyelination. However, microglia overactivation in MS lesions exacerbates neuroinflammation by releasing inflammatory cytokines and facilitating the activation of astrocytes and immune cells, promoting demyelination and, ultimately, driving MS pathology. In fact, it has been shown that there is a correlation between activated microglia patterns and the chronicity of MS. Thus, although it is difficult to be certain whether these cells are friends or foes, there is no doubt that microglia will be a relevant target for MS diagnosis and treatment in the future, when further research will help to clarify the role of these cells in MS. MRI and PET scan allow evaluation of microglia/macrophages biomarkers, facilitating the clinical assessment of a patient's disease stage. Moreover, new microglia-specific markers are being discovered, which will increase diagnostic precision, helping to identify active and chronic MS lesions. Because microglia are involved are in all MS phases, these cells are also an important drug target. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the role of microglia in MS progression as well as on the evidence supporting both inflammatory and reparative functions of these cells. We will also review how microglia may yield new biomarkers for MS diagnosis and serve as a potential target for therapy.

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来源期刊
Current Neuropharmacology
Current Neuropharmacology 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
1.90%
发文量
369
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Current Neuropharmacology aims to provide current, comprehensive/mini reviews and guest edited issues of all areas of neuropharmacology and related matters of neuroscience. The reviews cover the fields of molecular, cellular, and systems/behavioural aspects of neuropharmacology and neuroscience. The journal serves as a comprehensive, multidisciplinary expert forum for neuropharmacologists and neuroscientists.
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