Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Early Intervention for Early Psychosis on Suicidal Behavior-A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Elkhan Tahmazov, Jordan Bosse, Benjamin Glemain, Patrice Nabbe, Morgane Guillou, Athéna Blachier, Michel Walter, Christophe Lemey","doi":"10.1111/acps.13773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Early-onset psychotic disorders include the prodromal phase and the first-episode psychosis (FEP). They constitute a high-risk period for suicidal behavior. Early intervention for psychosis (EIP) consists of intervening as early as possible. The effectiveness of early intervention on overall prognosis has been reported in numerous studies, and EIP services are emerging worldwide. Several authors report an improvement in suicidal behavior, but no study has looked at all the data.</p><p><strong>Aims of the study: </strong>The aim of work is to study whether early intervention for psychosis has an impact on deaths by suicide and suicide attempts, and study which intervention methods have an impact on suicidal behavior.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>By respecting the PRISMA criteria, previously declared on PROSPERO, by exploring 5 medical databases (PubMed, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Scopus, Embase), from their creation dates, published until 20/02/2023, in English, we carried out a meta-analysis. The articles selected had to deal with the EIP and deaths by suicide or suicide attempts. Our primary outcome is the deaths by suicide and the secondary outcome the suicide attempt.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The exhaustive search identified a total of 2310 references. Nine articles were included. Their intervention modalities were pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, case-management, or related services, and psycho-social therapies. Our meta-analysis shows that early intervention for early-onset psychotic disorders is associated with a statistically significant reduction by a third in deaths by suicide (ORa = 0.66 (0.49-0.88), p = 0.005) and by a third in suicide attempts (ORa = 0.66 (0.50-0.86), p = 0.002), with non-significant heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses excluding the study with statistical difficulties due to the absence of an event and studies with a high risk of bias point in the same direction, that is a statistically significant reduction and non-significant heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The literature shows that early intervention programs are associated with positive impact on deaths by suicide and suicide attempt. This is the first meta-analysis of early intervention in early psychotic disorders and its impact on suicidal risk. The deployment of EIP should be supported worldwide in order to intervene as early as possible and prevent the risk of suicide.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD42022366976.</p>","PeriodicalId":108,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More rTMS pulses or more sessions? The impact on treatment outcome for treatment resistant depression.","authors":"E Oostra, P Jazdzyk, V Vis, I Dalhuisen, A W Hoogendoorn, C H M Planting, P F van Eijndhoven, Y D van der Werf, O A van den Heuvel, E van Exel","doi":"10.1111/acps.13768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is effective for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Optimal rTMS parameters remain unclear, especially whether number of sessions or amount of pulses contribute more to treatment outcome. We hypothesize that treatment outcome depends on the number of sessions rather than on the amount of pulses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched databases for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on high-frequent (HF) or low-frequent (LF)-rTMS targeting the left or right DLPFC for TRD. Treatment efficacy was measured using standardized mean difference (SMD), calculated from pre- and post-treatment depression scores. Meta-regressions were used to explore linear associations between SMD and rTMS pulses, pulses/session and sessions for HF and LF-rTMS, separately for active and sham-rTMS. If these variables showed no linear association with SMD, we divided the data into quartiles and explored subgroup SMDs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-seven RCTs were included: 67 studied HF-rTMS, eleven studied LF-rTMS, and nine studied both. No linear association was found between SMD and amount of pulses or pulses/session for HF and LF-rTMS. Subgroup analyses showed the largest SMDs for 1200-1500 HF-pulses/session and 360-450 LF-pulses/session. The number of sessions was significantly associated with SMD for active HF (β = 0.09, p < 0.05) and LF-rTMS (β = 0.06, p < 0.01). Thirty was the maximal number of sessions, in the included RCTs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More rTMS sessions, but not more pulses, were associated with improved treatment outcome, in both HF and LF-rTMS. Our findings suggest that 1200-1500 HF-pulses/session and 360-450 LF-pulses/session are already sufficient, and that a treatment course should consist of least 30 sessions for higher chance of response.</p>","PeriodicalId":108,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor Concerning \"Glucagon-Like Peptide Agonists for Weight Management in Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis\".","authors":"Anders Fink-Jensen, Christoph U Correll","doi":"10.1111/acps.13772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13772","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":108,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of electroconvulsive therapy outcome: A network analysis approach.","authors":"Tessa F Blanken, Rob Kok, Jasmien Obbels, Simon Lambrichts, Pascal Sienaert, Esmée Verwijk","doi":"10.1111/acps.13770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for the treatment of major depressive disorder is effective, individual response is variable and difficult to predict. These difficulties may in part result from heterogeneity at the symptom level. We aim to predict remission using baseline depression symptoms, taking the associations among symptoms into account, by using a network analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We combined individual patient data from two randomized controlled trials (total N = 161) and estimated a Mixed Graphical Model to estimate which baseline depression symptoms (corresponding to HRSD-17 items) uniquely predicted remission (defined as either HRSD≤7 or MADRS<10). We included study as moderator to evaluate study heterogeneity. For symptoms directly predictive of remission we computed odds ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three baseline symptoms were uniquely predictive of remission: suicidality negatively predicted remission (OR = 0.75; bootstrapped confidence interval (bCI) = 0.44-1.00) whereas retardation (OR = 1.21; bCI = 1.00-2.02) and hypochondriasis (OR = 1.31; bCI = 1.00-2.25) positively predicted remission. The estimated effects did not differ across trials as no moderation effects were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By using a network analysis approach this study identified that the presence of suicidal ideation predicts an overall worse treatment outcome. Psychomotor retardation and hypochondriasis, on the other hand, seem to be associated with a better outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":108,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to treat antipsychotic-related weight gain and metabolic disturbances: Is there a role for GLP-1 receptor agonists?","authors":"Anders Fink-Jensen,&nbsp;Christoph U. Correll","doi":"10.1111/acps.13769","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acps.13769","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Patients with mental disorders have a significantly reduced lifespan,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; with overweight/obesity and cardiometabolic-related death being the biggest contributors. Both the underlying mental illness and treatments, especially antipsychotics, contribute to this increased cardiometabolic risk, creating a dilemma between efficacy and desired safety. As a point in fact, clozapine is a second-generation antipsychotic with proven antipsychotic efficacy in otherwise treatment-resistant patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. However, clozapine is also linked to a substantial increase in body weight and carries a high risk for metabolic disturbances,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; making clinicians, patients, and caretakers reluctant against its use. Additionally, sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy food intake have become a public health issue for populations in the Western world in general. However, they are an even bigger problem among people with severe mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Also, the use of antipsychotics has expanded beyond schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, being used frequently on-label for unipolar depression, but also off-label for impulsive behaviors, insomnia, and anxiety among other conditions.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over the last decade, more focus has been paid to monitoring body weight and uncovering potential dysmetabolism by blood sample analysis in people treated with antipsychotics, which are important steps in the right direction. However, clear, and well-established strategies for an effective treatment against overweight/obesity and dysmetabolism in people with mental illness and, especially, those receiving antipsychotics or being mentally ill, remain underdeveloped or, at least, underutilized.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The most effective strategy for preventing antipsychotic-induced weight gain and dysmetabolism is using these medications only when needed or starting with the antipsychotic with the lowest weight gain potential.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; When weight gain and metabolic adverse effects occur, secondary preventive efforts include switching to an antipsychotic linked to less weight gain and dysmetabolism, although the desired weight loss may be limited.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Moreover, in the case of clozapine, which is used in otherwise partial or complete treatment-resistant patients, switching to a less effective antipsychotic, even if it may impose fewer dysmetabolic problems and less increase in body weight, may not be an applicable strategy.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Nonpharmacological interventions such as lifestyle changes against overweight and dysmetabolism are well-known strategies&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; but-as for the background population-are difficult to implement broadly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally, the adjunctive pharmacological interventions against antipsychotic-associated weight gain have included topiramate and metformin. However,","PeriodicalId":108,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","volume":"151 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acps.13769","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of subclinical psychosis as a function of population density across different European settings: Findings from the multi-national EU-GEI study.","authors":"Giuseppe D'Andrea, Diego Quattrone, Giada Tripoli, Edoardo Spinazzola, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, Hannah E Jongsma, Lucia Sideli, Simona A Stilo, Caterina La Cascia, Laura Ferraro, Daniele La Barbera, Andrea Tortelli, Eva Velthorst, Lieuwe de Haan, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Jose Luis Santos, Manuel Arrojo, Julio Bobes, Julio Sanjuán, Miguel Bernardo, Celso Arango, James B Kirkbride, Peter B Jones, Bart P Rutten, Franck Schürhoff, Andrei Szöke, Jim van Os, Evangelos Vassos, Jean-Paul Selten, Craig Morgan, Marta Di Forti, Ilaria Tarricone, Robin M Murray","doi":"10.1111/acps.13767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urbanicity is a well-established risk factor for psychosis. Our recent multi-national study found an association between urbanicity and clinical psychosis in Northern Europe but not in Southern Europe. In this study, we hypothesized that the effect of current urbanicity on variation of schizotypy would be greater in North-western Europe countries than in Southern Europe ones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 1080 individuals representative of the populations aged 18-64 of 14 different sites within 5 countries, classified as either North-western Europe (England, France, and The Netherlands) with Southern Europe (Spain and Italy). Our main outcome was schizotypy, assessed through the Structured Interview for Schizotypy-Revised. Our main exposure was current urbanicity, operationalized as local population density. A priori confounders were age, sex, ethnic minority status, childhood maltreatment, and social capital. Schizotypy variation was assessed using multi-level regression analysis. To test the differential effect of urbanicity between North-western and Southern European, we added an interaction term between population density and region of recruitment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Population density was associated with schizotypy (β = 0.248,95%CI = 0.122-0.375;p < 0.001). The addition of the interaction term improved the model fit (likelihood test ratio:χ² = 6.85; p = 0.009). The effect of urbanicity on schizotypy was substantially stronger in North-western Europe (β = 0.620,95%CI = 0.362-0.877;p < 0.001) compared with Southern Europe (β = 0.190,95%CI = 0.083-0.297;p = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The association between urbanicity and both subclinical schizotypy and clinical psychosis, rather than being universal, is context-specific. Considering that urbanization is a rapid and global process, further research is needed to disentangle the specific factors underlying this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":108,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk and timing of postpartum depression in parents of twins compared to parents of singletons.","authors":"Sofie Egsgaard, Mette Bliddal, Lars Christian Lund, Simone N Vigod, Trine Munk-Olsen","doi":"10.1111/acps.13766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parents of twins appear to be at increased risk of postpartum depression (PPD), yet little is known about the magnitude and timing of onset in the postpartum period compared to singleton parents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cohort study using the Danish nationwide health registers. We defined a study population of parents that is, mothers and fathers of all twin and singleton livebirths between 1997 and 2019. Postpartum depression was defined as incident depression diagnosis or a redeemed antidepressant prescription from childbirth through 365 days postpartum. We performed a parametric time-to-event analysis based on Poisson regression. The time scale was time since birth, modeled using restricted cubic splines. From this we estimated the hazard ratio (HR) representing the momentary risk, and the cumulative risk ratio (RR) over the first year postpartum, in twin compared to singleton parents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population was based on 27,095 twin and 1,350,046 singleton births. In adjusted analyses, the HR of twins compared to singletons was highest around 2 months postpartum (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10-1.49) for mothers, and around 6 months (1.20, 95% CI 1.02-1.42) for fathers. The 6 months adjusted cumulative RR of PPD in twins compared to singletons was 1.24 (95% CI 1.10-1.40) for mothers and 1.11 (95% CI 0.95-1.30) for fathers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Twin mothers had increased risk of PPD compared to singleton mothers, which was driven by an immediate increase after childbirth. The risk among twin fathers was not increased immediately after childbirth, but we found slightly elevated risk around 6 months postpartum. This could suggest diverse patterns of PPD symptomatology in twin parents compared to singleton parents and between mothers and fathers. Our findings underline parents of twins as a potentially vulnerable group to PPD and emphasize the need for increased awareness of their mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":108,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital phenotyping in bipolar disorder: Using longitudinal Fitbit data and personalized machine learning to predict mood symptomatology.","authors":"Jessica M Lipschitz, Sidian Lin, Soroush Saghafian, Chelsea K Pike, Katherine E Burdick","doi":"10.1111/acps.13765","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acps.13765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) requires prompt response to mood episodes. Preliminary studies suggest that predictions based on passive sensor data from personal digital devices can accurately detect mood episodes (e.g., between routine care appointments), but studies to date do not use methods designed for broad application. This study evaluated whether a novel, personalized machine learning approach, trained entirely on passive Fitbit data, with limited data filtering could accurately detect mood symptomatology in BD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 54 adults with BD, who wore Fitbits and completed bi-weekly self-report measures for 9 months. We applied machine learning (ML) models to Fitbit data aggregated over two-week observation windows to detect occurrences of depressive and (hypo)manic symptomatology, which were defined as two-week windows with scores above established clinical cutoffs for the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) and Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale (ASRM) respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As hypothesized, among several ML algorithms, Binary Mixed Model (BiMM) forest achieved the highest area under the receiver operating curve (ROC-AUC) in the validation process. In the testing set, the ROC-AUC was 86.0% for depression and 85.2% for (hypo)mania. Using optimized thresholds calculated with Youden's J statistic, predictive accuracy was 80.1% for depression (sensitivity of 71.2% and specificity of 85.6%) and 89.1% for (hypo)mania (sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 90.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We achieved sound performance in detecting mood symptomatology in BD patients using methods designed for broad application. Findings expand upon evidence that Fitbit data can produce accurate mood symptomatology predictions. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, this represents the first application of BiMM forest for mood symptomatology prediction. Overall, results move the field a step toward personalized algorithms suitable for the full population of patients, rather than only those with high compliance, access to specialized devices, or willingness to share invasive data.</p>","PeriodicalId":108,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The risk of diabetes and HbA1c deterioration during antipsychotic drug treatment: A Danish two-cohort study among patients with first-episode schizophrenia","authors":"Nanna M. Madsen,&nbsp;Marc A. Sørensen,&nbsp;Andreas A. Danielsen,&nbsp;Mikkel Højlund,&nbsp;Christopher Rohde,&nbsp;Ole Köhler-Forsberg","doi":"10.1111/acps.13760","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acps.13760","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antipsychotics increase the risk of developing diabetes, but clinical trials are not generalizable with short follow-up, while observational studies often lack important information, particularly hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We followed two Danish cohorts with schizophrenia. First, using Danish nationwide registers, we identified all individuals diagnosed with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) between 1999 and 2019 (<i>n</i> = 31,856). Exposure was a redeemed prescription for an antipsychotic, and the outcome was diabetes, defined via hospital-based diagnosis and redeemed prescriptions for glucose-lowering drugs. Adjusted Cox regression calculated hazard rate ratios (HRR). Second, using data from the Central Denmark Region, we identified all individuals diagnosed with FES from October 2016 to September 2022 (<i>n</i> = 2671). Using a within-subject design, we analyzed the change in HbA1c during the 2 years after initiation of specific antipsychotics compared to the 2 years before.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the nationwide cohort, 2543 (8.0%) individuals developed diabetes (incidence rate = 9.39 [95% CI = 9.03–9.76] per 1000 person-years). Antipsychotics, compared to periods without, were associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes (HRR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.75–2.38). We found a dose–response association, particularly for second-generation antipsychotics, and different risk rates for specific antipsychotics. In the Central Denmark Region cohort, a total of 9.2% developed diabetes but mean HbA1c levels remained stable at 37 mmol/mol during the 2 years after initiation of antipsychotic medication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This comprehensive real-world two-cohort study emphasizes that diabetes affects almost 10% of patients with FES. Antipsychotics increase this risk, while HbA1c deterioration requires longer treatment. These findings are important for clinicians and young patients with FES.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":108,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","volume":"151 1","pages":"69-80"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acps.13760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not all types of depressed patients who persist with their antidepressant treatment improve in side effect complaints: A comparison of treatment completers and dropouts in the STAR*D trial.","authors":"Thomas T Kim, Colin Xu","doi":"10.1111/acps.13764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is a \"traditional belief\" that antidepressant side effect complaints improve with medication persistence; however, support for this theory has remained inconclusive. We aimed to examine if side effect complaints improved over time by modeling the relationship between side effect complaints and time at dropout for patients receiving citalopram during the first level of acute treatment in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We categorized the 2833 patients into five patterns by week of dropout. We used pattern-mixture modeling to model change in side effect complaints (frequency, intensity, and burden) over the 12-week course of treatment, while accounting for attrition and depressive severity. Using post-hoc linear contrasts, we compared the attrition patterns with the completers' pattern for severity of side effect complaints at each respective last visit prior to dropout as well as averaged side effect complaints across the duration of treatment. We also reported frequencies and tolerability of side effects for nine organ/function systems over the course of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients who dropped out early exhibited worsening side effect burden and patients who dropped out later showed improvements in side effect frequency and intensity. Treatment completers improved in all side effect complaints over the course of treatment. Early attrition patterns had more severe side effect complaints for both tests of post-hoc linear contrasts than later attrition patterns and completers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Side effect complaints from antidepressant treatment improve over time, but only for some types of patients. As a precaution for early dropout, clinicians should monitor patients who exhibit worsening and more severe side effect complaints-especially in the first 6 weeks of antidepressant treatment. In addition, clinicians may want to consider changing the type of treatment early on for these patients, rather than encouraging them to persist with their current medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":108,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}