Cryobiology最新文献

{"title":"Effect on viability and yield on Pleurotus pulmonarius and Ganoderma lucidum after 3 years of cryopreservation without cryoprotectants","authors":"N.S. Ramírez ,&nbsp;D. Lining ,&nbsp;E. Albertó ,&nbsp;G. Pose","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to their importance in various fields such biotechnology, medicine, food science, preserving microorganisms effectively is essential. This study investigated cryopreservation of the edible fungus <em>Pleurotus pulmonarius</em> and the medicinal mushroom <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em>, for three years at −80 °C in sorghum grains without cryoprotectants. We compared viability, growth, and yields with strains maintained on agar media at 5 °C. Our findings show that the grain technique in sorghum requires neither cryoprotectants nor a thawing bath, achieving 100 % recovery within 24 h. Importantly, there were no significant differences in yield (BE) between cryopreserved and sub-cultured strains. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the grain technique with no cryoprotectants for long-term preservation of filamentous edible and medicinal fungi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 105204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indian cryogenebank conserving diverse plant genetic resources for the last three decades: Achievements and way forward","authors":"S.K. Malik,&nbsp;Sangita Bansal,&nbsp;Era Vaidya Malhotra,&nbsp;Anju Mahendru Singh,&nbsp;G.P. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources (PGR) plays a crucial role in sustainable growth and development, as highlighted by the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Seed genebanks, a key component of ex situ conservation, have been instrumental in preserving plant diversity. However, challenges arise with the conservation of non-orthodox (recalcitrant and intermediate) seeds and vegetative tissues, which are not amenable to storage in traditional genebanks at temperatures of −20 °C. Cryopreservation, the storage of biological materials at ultra-low temperatures in liquid nitrogen, has emerged as a viable solution for conserving such non-orthodox seeds, pollen, and dormant buds. This review presents insights into the National Cryogenebank Facility at ICAR-NBPGR, India, a pioneer in developing cryopreservation techniques and cryobanking of PGR. Established in 1987, the facility focuses on conserving difficult-to-conserve species of various agri-horticultural crops, including recalcitrant and intermediate species. With a capacity to hold a quarter of a million samples, the facility employs species-specific protocols to conserve rare, threatened, and endangered plant species, wild and weedy crop relatives, and genetic stocks. Over the past 3 decades, cryopreservation protocols have been developed at this facility using a diverse range of explants, including seeds, excised embryos, embryonic axes, pollen grains, and dormant buds. Successful cryopreservation protocols have been developed for temperate and tropical plant species important for horticultural, plantation, agro-forestry, and industrial use. Priority is given to conserving indigenous crop species and capturing the genetic diversity of indigenous tropical and temperate major and minor fruits. Additionally, the facility has successfully conserved pollen grains and dormant buds of tropical and temperate fruit crops, ensuring their viability and survival over extended periods of cryostorage. Furthermore, the cryobank regularly retests cryostored germplasm to assess viability and regrowth, with promising results indicating retention of seed viability even after 25–30 years of cryostorage. This highlights the potential of cryobanking as a long-term solution for conserving plant genetic resources. The National Cryogenebank Facility at ICAR-NBPGR exemplifies advancements in cryopreservation techniques applicable to plant genetic resource conservation, contributing significantly to national, regional and global efforts towards ex situ conservation of difficult-to-store plant species and overall sustainable agricultural development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 105205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Withdrawn : Application of a single \"Universal warming protocol\" for vitrified donor oocytes: A multicenter study.","authors":"Paloma Troncoso-Perez, Cristina Gonzalez-Navas, Maria Elisabetta Coccia, Rossella Fucci, Patrizia Falcone, Francesco Bertocci, Rita Picone, Daniel Fernando Sosa-Rosales, Nuria López-Perez, Enrique Criado-Scholz, Miguel Angel Vilches-Ferron","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Author wanted to withdraw the paper as they are not interested in having it published in the journal Cryobiology. Approved by EIC and Publisher. As S5 was not published in SD, so we have proceeded with expiring the article from the production system</p>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":" ","pages":"105206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epididymal bull sperm selection by Percoll® density-gradient centrifugation prior to conventional or ultra-rapid freezing enhances post-thaw sperm quality","authors":"Mauricio Duma ,&nbsp;Diego A. Galarza ,&nbsp;Kelly Delgado ,&nbsp;Angie Morocho ,&nbsp;Guido Bermúdez ,&nbsp;Manuel E. Soria ,&nbsp;María S. Méndez ,&nbsp;Esteban Muñoz-León ,&nbsp;Fernando P. Perea","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effectiveness of Percoll® density gradient centrifugation (Percoll-DGC) for selecting bull epididymal sperm prior to conventional slow (CS) or ultra-rapid (UR) freezing and its effects on sperm quality. Fifteen pooled samples from 30 epididymides (2 different samples/pool) of 15 bulls were split into two aliquots assigned to either CS or UR freezing. Samples were either selected using Percoll-DGC (40/80 %) or left non-selected (control), resulting in four pre-freezing treatments: Percoll-CS, Control-CS, Percoll-UR, and Control-UR. The CS freezing used 5 % glycerol, exposing sperm straws to liquid nitrogen (LN₂) vapors, while UR freezing used 100 mM sucrose with direct submersion of 30 μL samples into LN₂. Overall, sperm quality was higher in CS treatments than in UR treatments. Pre-freezing, Percoll-CS improved straight-line velocity (VSL), linearity (LIN), and beat-cross frequency (BCF) compared to Control-CS (P &lt; 0.05). Similarly, Percoll-UR treatment enhanced progressive motility (PSM), velocities, straightness (STR), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), and BCF compared to Control-UR (P &lt; 0.05). Post-thaw, Percoll-CS demonstrated higher kinematic parameters, viability, and acrosome integrity compared to Control-CS (P &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, Percoll-UR improved viability and acrosome integrity relative to Control-UR (P &lt; 0.05). Notably, both Percoll-UR and Control-UR resulted in lower DNA fragmentation compared to Percoll-CS. In conclusion, Percoll-DGC selection prior to CS freezing significantly improved post-thaw sperm quality, including kinematics, viability, and acrosome integrity. For UR freezing, Percoll-DGC primarily enhanced post-thaw viability and acrosome integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 105200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide discovery of underlying genetic factors associated with fresh and frozen-thawed semen traits in composite ram breeds exhibiting different cryotolerance","authors":"Bülent Bülbül ,&nbsp;Şükrü Doğan ,&nbsp;Cemal Dayanıklı ,&nbsp;Mesut Kırbaş ,&nbsp;Ebru Şengül ,&nbsp;Yavuz Kal ,&nbsp;Yalçın Yaman","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fewer studies investigate the effects of underlying genetic factors related to semen characteristics, significantly affecting sheep farm profitability. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and genomic regions associated with fresh and frozen-thawed semen traits in rams with low (Hasak) and high (Hasmer) cryotolerance. Semen collected from 11 (5 Hasak with low and 6 Hasmer with high cryotolerance) rams cryopreserved in 0.25 ml straws in the breeding season. Quality characteristics were determined in fresh, equilibrated, and frozen-thawed semen. A Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) was conducted to unveil the genetic structure that might be attributed to cryotolerance in low and high cryotoleranced rams. Fresh (regarding total and progressive motility) and equilibrated semen quality were similar in Hasak and Hasmer rams (p &gt; 0.6). However, the freeze-thawing process had a more pronounced negative effect on ram semen traits in Hasak than in Hasmer (p &lt; 0.05). GWAS revealed 27 SNPs correlated with post-thaw semen parameters. Moreover, network analyses revealed pathways related to sperm ion channels and their activities, providing insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying sperm physiology and emphasizing their role in potentially impacting sperm cryotolerance. The functional significance of detected SNPs and the associated pathways require further exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 105197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142964001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene oxide and silymarin combination: A novel approach to improving post-cryopreservation quality of ram sperm","authors":"Mohsen Shayestehyekta ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Moradi","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene oxide (GO) has been extensively studied for its diverse biomedical applications, including drug delivery, imaging, and tissue engineering. Silymarin, as a flavonoid complex derived from the milk thistle plant, has recently shown potential health benefits, particularly concerning reproductive health. This study aims to evaluate the effects of GO and silymarin supplementation, both individually and in combination, on the characteristics of frozen-thawed ram sperm. Semen samples were collected using standard artificial insemination (AI) techniques with an artificial vagina. The collected semen was evaluated and cryopreserved in a tris-based extender containing varying concentrations of silymarin and GO (0, 10, or 20 μg/mL) or their combination. Post-thaw assessments evaluated sperm motility, viability, morphological abnormalities, DNA integrity, membrane integrity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Our findings revealed that the combination of 20 μg/mL silymarin and 20 μg/mL GO significantly enhanced total motility, viability, membrane integrity, and DNA integrity of sperm. Additionally, this treatment effectively reduced morphological abnormalities and MDA levels post-thawing. Notably, SOD and TAC activities were improved following the freeze-thaw compared to other treatment groups. In conclusion, the combination of silymarin and GO significantly improves the quality of frozen-thawed ram sperm by enhancing sperm parameters while reducing oxidative stress markers. The results suggest their potential as effective additives in cryopreservation protocols, providing a promising avenue for improving reproductive outcomes in rams and potentially other livestock species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 105199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative and qualitative histological evaluation of different regions of cryopreserved skin derived from red-rumped agouti for obtaining cryobanks","authors":"João Vitor da Silva Viana ,&nbsp;Érika Almeida Praxedes ,&nbsp;Luanna Lorenna Vieira Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Yasmin Beatriz França Moura ,&nbsp;Leonardo Vitorino Costa de Aquino ,&nbsp;Moacir Franco de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Alexsandra Fernandes Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.105190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.105190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Skin banks are valuable tools for the maintenance of biodiversity. The red-rumped agouti is a wild rodent of ecological importance in South America because it acts as a seed disperser, and skin banks could serve as alternatives to conserve genetic variability. Nevertheless, the most suitable skin region for forming these banks must still be determined to guarantee tissue quality after cryopreservation. We harvested skin tissues from the ear, abdominal, and inguinal regions of red-rumped agouti and evaluated the effects of cryopreservation on the quantitative and qualitative histological parameters of these somatic tissues. All tissues were evaluated for ultrastructure, skin thickness, cell count, number of perinuclear halos, collagen density, proliferative activity, and cellular ability during culture. Cryopreservation altered the thicknesses of the abdominal and inguinal dermises. Cryopreservation did not alter the number of fibroblasts and perinuclear halos in any region. The abdominal region had a higher number of fibroblasts than the other regions. All groups showed increased collagen fibers after cryopreservation, while maintaining a similar proliferative potential. During culture, all regions presented with cell viability above 90 % before and after cryopreservation, and the doubling time was maintained. However, cells from the inguinal and abdominal regions had lower metabolic rates than those from the ear. In summary, the ear skin was found to be the best region for cell recovery. However, abdominal skin has shown positive results and may be an alternative source of somatic cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 105190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing the impact of commercial cryoprotectants and freezing technique on the motility of human spermatozoa cryopreserved onto extremely water-repellent soot-coated surfaces","authors":"Karekin D. Esmeryan ,&nbsp;Yulian I. Fedchenko ,&nbsp;Todor A. Chaushev","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cryopreservation of human spermatozoa is an integral part of cryobiology, aiming to support the <em>in-vitro</em> fertilization. The latter relies on the availability of as much as possible reproductively active spermatozoa, whose number after thawing decreases due to the accompanied freezing injury and the cytotoxicity of cryoprotectants. An innovative option to circumvent these obstacles is to make the freezing interface non-wettable, by coating it with rapeseed oil soot possessing intrinsic cryoprotective properties, delaying the ice formation and possibly providing identical rates of intracellular dehydration and extracellular crystallization. It may mean that this technique can reduce or avoid the need of harmful cryoprotective agents, but to reach such a developmental stage, the synergistic effect of certified cryoprotectants and cooling velocities on the efficiency of soot-mediated sperm cryopreservation must be clarified. With the intention to address this research gap, we reveal that the slow freezing/thawing of distinct mixtures of three cryoprotectants (SpermFreeze™, CryoSperm™ and DMSO) and the human semen of nine patients equalizes the percent of survived spermatozoa, but declines their curvilinear velocity. At instant freezing (∼7–20 s) and slow thawing, via specially-designed soot fabric-coated sheet metal cryoboxes, the inclusion of 10 % DMSO is noxious, but the post-thaw motility reaches 74–100 % independently of the cryoprotective solutes. These surprising findings are ascribed to the formation of a quasivitrified semen, whose complete freezing ensures a fraction of extracellular ice matching that from the equilibrium phase diagram, eluding the osmotic shocks and paving the path for future replacement of the classic vitrification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 105195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hydroxypropyl cellulose on vitrification of sheep embryos","authors":"Quanbao Wang ,&nbsp;YVting Ding ,&nbsp;Jianhong Gao ,&nbsp;Lijie Xu ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Dong ,&nbsp;Haixing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.105192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.105192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitrification is a conventional and mature method for embryo cryo-preservation, but ice crystals formed during the vitrification process can damage embryos. HPC has the property of forming a high-viscosity gel under low-temperature conditions, so it can be added to vitrification solutions to investigate whether it improves the negative impact of vitrification on embryos. The results showed that the addition of HPC (50 μg/ml) to the vitrification solution significantly increased the post-warming survival rate of sheep morula embryos. Compared to the vitrification group, the addition of HPC significantly reduced the level of ROS (reactive oxygen species, ROS) and increased the level of GSH (glutathione, GSH) in embryos after warming, mitigating the damage to mitochondria caused by vitrification. It also had clear positive effects on the developmental potential of vitrified-warmed sheep embryos. Overall, the addition of 50 μg/ml HPC to the vitrification solution can significantly improve the quality of sheep morula embryos after vitrification and warming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 105192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting changes of testicular interstitial cell membranes with a fluorescent probe after incubation and cryopreservation with cryoprotective agents","authors":"Oleksandr Pakhomov ,&nbsp;Yevgen Posokhov","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.105194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.105194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane alterations are among central factors predetermining cell survival during cryopreservation. In the present research, we tested some serum-/xeno-free cryoprotective compositions including dimethyl sulfoxide (Me₂SO) and polymers for their osmotic impact and toxicity towards testicular interstitial cells (ICs). IC survival was determined after their contact with Me₂SO, dextran (D40), hydroxyethyl starch (HES), polyethylene glycols (PEG1500 and PEG400), or after cryopreservation and cryoprotective agent (CPA) removal. A ratiometric fluorescent membrane probe 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazole (probe O1O) was applied to assess changes in the plasma membrane of ICs. The cell survival study has shown that Me₂SO decreased IC survival in a time- and dosage-dependent manner. The CPA decreased the metabolic activity of ICs, thus implying its toxic effect on the living cell as a whole. Using probe O1O, we have demonstrated that the toxic effect also influenced the plasma membrane. IC membranes were not altered after incubation with 0.7 M Me₂SO. The presence of D40, HES, or PEGs in such Me₂SO containing media resulted in plasma membrane hydration and damage to the membranes of cells incubated with PEGs. Cryopreservation caused pronounced membrane dehydration of the survived ICs even after CPA removal in PEG-containing media and low indicators of IC survival. Interestingly, cryopreservation with the best cryoprotective media supplemented with 0.7 M Me₂SO and 100 mg/ml D40 resulted in minimal membrane alterations, thus implying its higher ability to protect membranes during cryopreservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 105194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}