Cryobiology最新文献

{"title":"Effective cryopreservation of western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) semen using dimethylsulphoxide","authors":"Alberto Gómez-Crespo ,&nbsp;Artur Kowalczyk ,&nbsp;Julián Santiago-Moreno ,&nbsp;Ewa Łukaszewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2026.105590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2026.105590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work examines the use of Me₂SO as a cryoprotective agent (CPA) for capercaillie semen, comparing it with the use of dimethyformamide (DMF). Thirty semen samples were collected from seven males, diluted and divided into two aliquots before adding either Me₂SO (final concentration 8 %) or DMF (6 %). These samples were then frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour. No significant differences were seen between the Me₂SO and DMF treatments with respect to any frozen-thawed sperm motility characteristics, and plasma membrane integrity, although the proportion of viable spermatozoa showing normal morphology was greater (P &lt; 0.05) with the DMF treatment. The proportion of sperm showing a bent neck was greater in samples frozen with Me₂SO than in fresh sperm (P &lt; 0.001), and than in samples frozen with DMF (P &lt; 0.05). Thus, although Me₂SO appears to be a suitable CPA for freezing capercaillie semen, some variables are slightly better when DMF is used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viability of ovarian tissue after cryopreservation by slow freezing or vitrification in sheep","authors":"Y. Zhang ,&nbsp;F. Horta ,&nbsp;K. Beilby ,&nbsp;S. Catt ,&nbsp;M. Pangestu","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2026.105591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2026.105591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is a valuable technique for preserving fertility, yet the relative efficacy of vitrification compared to slow freezing remains to be fully explored. This study evaluates the post-thawed viability of ovarian tissue cryopreserved by either method using ovarian samples from healthy ewes aged one year or younger. The ovarian tissue was sectioned into 5 mm × 5 mm × 1 mm slices, cryopreserved, and cultured in vitro for 5 days. Follicle morphology was evaluated via histology, while DNA integrity in primordial follicles and stromal cells was evaluated using TUNEL staining. Histological analysis revealed that the fresh tissue contained a higher proportion of morphologically normal primordial follicles and greater DNA integrity compared to both cryopreserved groups. On day 0, TUNEL staining indicated that vitrification better preserved primordial follicle DNA integrity than slow freezing (<span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>001</mn></mrow></math></span>). However, after 5 days of culture, slow freezing more effectively maintained stromal cell DNA integrity than vitrification (<span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>001</mn></mrow></math></span>). Although primordial follicles exhibited promising self-repair ability, stromal cells exhibited limited recovery. In general, vitrification produced results comparable to slow freezing in ovarian tissue cryopreservation. These findings highlight the potential of vitrification to match or even surpass slow freezing in certain aspects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146200462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose- and size-dependent effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on bull sperm cryopreservation","authors":"Ali Erdem Öztürk ,&nbsp;Şeyma Dadı ,&nbsp;Mustafa Bodu ,&nbsp;Oya Korkmaz ,&nbsp;Yunus Emre Atay ,&nbsp;Serpil Sarıözkan ,&nbsp;Ramazan Üzen ,&nbsp;Halil Aydın Şimşek ,&nbsp;Mustafa Numan Bucak ,&nbsp;Ismail Öçsoy","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2026.105588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2026.105588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs) are widely used in health sciences, including reproductive biotechnology. In reproductive systems, they have been applied in sperm cryopreservation, nano-purification, drug delivery, and toxicity assessments. However, most studies have evaluated Fe₃O₄ NPs at only a single size and dose, even though their biological effects may vary with size-dependent characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how magnetic Fe₃O₄ NPs of different sizes and concentrations influence the cryopreservation of bull sperm. Initially Fe₃O₄ NPs with three sizes (∼6, ∼20, and ∼80 nm) were synthesized, and two concentrations (10 and 50 μg/mL) were added to diluted semen samples, supplemented with a commercial extender and cryopreserved. The findings showed that 6 nm Fe₃O₄ NPs maintained total and progressive motility at levels similar to the control group at both doses, whereas a reduction in both motility parameters was observed only in the Fe20-10 group. No statistically significant differences were found in kinematic parameters, acrosomal, or plasma membrane integrity. Conversely, the 50 μg/mL doses of the 20 and 80 nm groups decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Chromatin condensation improved in all experimental groups compared to the control, which correlates with reduced DNA damage across nanoparticle (NP) treatments. Zeta potential measurements demonstrated that surface charge varied with particle size, and microscopic evaluations revealed the accumulation of positively charged Fe₃O₄ NPs in the head region. Overall, this study showed that Fe₃O₄ NPs exhibit distinct size-dependent characteristics, underscoring the importance of preliminary trials to determine the optimal NP size for spermatological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146225836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant astaxanthin enhances cryosurvival and post-thaw functional parameters of rabbit spermatozoa","authors":"Paula Luque ,&nbsp;Lenka Kuželová ,&nbsp;Jakub Vozaf ,&nbsp;Andrej Baláži ,&nbsp;Peter Chrenek","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effect of astaxanthin (AX), a potent antioxidant carotenoid, on the post-thaw quality of cryopreserved rabbit sperm. Semen samples were frozen with AX supplementation at concentrations of 0 (CONTROL), 0.5, 1, or 2 μM. Post-thaw sperm quality was assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) for motility, and by flow cytometry to evaluate viability, early apoptosis, mitochondrial activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and acrosomal membrane integrity. Supplementation with 0.5 and 1 μM AX significantly improved total motility, viability, and mitochondrial activity compared to the control group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). These concentrations also led to significantly reduced levels of apoptotic cells and ROS. Acrosomal damage was not significantly affected by AX supplementation. These findings demonstrate that low-dose AX addition during cryopreservation attenuates oxidative and apoptotic damage in rabbit spermatozoa and enhances several key post-thaw quality parameters. Astaxanthin may thus represent a promising additive for improving cryosurvival in rabbit sperm used for assisted reproduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryopreservation of Platynereis dumerilii larvae","authors":"Estefania Paredes ,&nbsp;Netsanet Berhane Getachew ,&nbsp;Luis Alberto Bezares-Calderón ,&nbsp;Sara Campos ,&nbsp;Andrij Belokurov ,&nbsp;Kristin Tessmar-Raible","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The marine annelid <em>Platynereis dumerilii</em> is a functional molecular model organism for developmental, evolutionary and chronobiological studies. Research on <em>Platynereis</em> is rapidly growing, and with it, the number of genetic variants that laboratories isolate or generate and must subsequently maintain and propagate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to alleviate the burden of live culture maintenance by developing cryopreservation techniques for this species. We report the first cryopreservation protocol for <em>P. dumerilii</em> larvae, which combined with a careful post-thawing culturing regime, allowed us to obtain animals that survived to adulthood and successfully reproduced. Our experiments show highest survival rate in 6–8 dayold larvae (dpf). Equilibration with cryoprotecting agents takes 1h in 5 % (v/v) Me2SO + 0.1 %(v/w) sucrose, followed by transfer to 0.25 ml straws. The protocol cools larvae at 2.5 °C/min from 20 °C to −35 °C using a programmable freezer, followed by a rapid transfer to liquid N₂. Larvae are thawed in a water bath at 18 °C. The post-thaw larvae feeding regime consisted of 50 % <em>Tetraselmis</em> + 50 % diatom strains mixture (<em>Grammatophora marina</em> and <em>Nitzschia laevis</em>). The maximum survival obtained with this protocol so far produced 34 % survival after ∼5 months, the average is 8.69 ± 13.08 % (140 days) with a large variability inter-individual batches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145546456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryoprotectants and dynamics of exclusion zone water","authors":"Alexis Theodorou,&nbsp;Karel Pomeisl,&nbsp;Jan Pokorný,&nbsp;Irena Kratochvílová","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrophilic membranes are integral components in a wide range of applications, particularly in biological systems, where their negatively charged surfaces resemble those of cell membranes and influence processes such as cryopreservation. This study investigates the relationship between the Exclusion Zone (EZ) near a Nafion membrane and its response to thermal changes. In this context, the EZ denotes an extended interfacial water region adjacent to hydrophilic surface, characterized by physicochemical properties differing from those of bulk water. The present work investigates how cryoprotectants such as polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and trehalose affect the EZ near Nafion surfaces across a range of temperatures, aiming to identify potential links between interfacial hydration and cryoprotective efficiency. Our observations showed that PEG and trehalose exhibit distinct effects on the EZ behavior, with trehalose showing milder suppression of the EZ size compared to PEG at the same concentration. Fluorescent tracking of dansyl-labeled cryoprotectants demonstrated their distribution near the EZ, revealing differential long-range interactions of interfacial water with PEG and trehalose. Herein, we provide the first evidence linking cryoprotectant activity to the EZ behavior, suggesting a role in interfacial water stabilization under cooling, with implications for cryopreservation and membrane-associated processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of inflammation of lipid metabolism by sesamin, forskolin, α-linolenic acid, and their combination in a zebrafish model of cryo-injury and high cholesterol diet-induced myocardial infarction, followed by atherosclerosis","authors":"Abu Safana Biswas,&nbsp;Kamsagara Linganna Krishna,&nbsp;Ganavi Bethanagere Ramesha,&nbsp;Pooja Gandharvachari Achar","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryo-injury has been a standard model used to simulate myocardial infarction (MI), which may induce reproducible myocardial necrosis under controlled conditions. In a Zebrafish (ZF) model of cryoinjury and a high-cholesterol diet (HCD), the study evaluates the preventive effects of sesamin, forskolin, and α-linolenic acid, either alone or in combination, against myocardial infarction with atherosclerosis. Various physiological, biochemical, and histological endpoints were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. A notable recovery of cardiac activity (as measured by ECG) and body weight regulation was observed when comparing the treated groups with the cryo-injured control. Decreased TNF-α and iNOS levels demonstrated effective molecular control of cryoinjury-induced inflammation. An improved lipid balance was also observed through lipid profiling of cardiac tissue and serum, which revealed significant increases in HDL levels and decreases in triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL. The treatment with a combination of test compounds especially shows good efficacy towards myocardial infarction and the myocardial structure of ZF, followed by atherosclerosis. In our study, the combination effect of sesamin, forskolin, and α-linolenic acid has significant potential for regulating lipid levels, inflammatory markers, and myocardial structure integrity. It can be concluded that the combination treatment of the sesamin, forskolin, and α-linolenic acid may protect the cardiovascular system, and this combination can be used for further preclinical study with a rodent model for cardiovascular disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic adaptations in the hypothermic myocardium: Mechanisms and clinical implications","authors":"Huimin Wu ,&nbsp;Fei Xiao ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Huili Li ,&nbsp;Mu Jin ,&nbsp;Peirong Lin ,&nbsp;Fushan Xue ,&nbsp;Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2026.105602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2026.105602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypothermia is widely used in clinical practice for myocardial protection during cardiac arrest (CA), surgery, and organ preservation. However, a comprehensive understanding of how hypothermia reshapes myocardial metabolism remains lacking. This review summarizes current knowledge on how hypothermia affects myocardial substrate utilization and mitochondrial function. Under hypothermia conditions, the heart exhibits profound metabolic remodeling characterized by impaired fatty acid uptake and oxidation, restricted glucose transport, enhanced lactate production, and increased reliance on ketone bodies. Mitochondria exhibit altered oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) efficiency, electron transport chain (ETC) activity, morphology and mitochondrial quality control (MQC) network. Rewarming poses a critical metabolic challenge, characterized by delayed recovery from calcium dysregulation and metabolic mismatch that contribute to cardiac dysfunction, necessitating controlled slow rewarming and metabolic modulatory interventions. Notably, metabolic responses to hypothermia are context-dependent, varying with temperature depth, patient age/sex, and injury type. Advanced metabolic imaging techniques enable non-invasive monitoring of myocardial energetics, facilitating personalized temperature management. In conclusion, decoding the metabolic logic of hypothermia-induced myocardial reprogramming provides a foundational framework for optimizing therapeutic hypothermia (TH)-based therapies. Future research should focus on defining gradient-dependent metabolic responses, integrating multi-omics approaches, and exploring metabolic-immune crosstalk to refine precision-guided strategies in cardiovascular medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147316831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a new freeze-drying protection system for potential probiotic Enterococcus faecalis L118 and evaluation of its storage stability","authors":"Longhao Wang ,&nbsp;Zekai Wang ,&nbsp;Chengcai Zhu,&nbsp;Deqiang Yan,&nbsp;Yuan Cheng,&nbsp;Kang Yan,&nbsp;Shaojun He","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study was to investigate the freeze-drying protective effect of cold stress and arginine on <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> L118 and to develop a new freeze-drying protection system in combination with glycerol and skim milk. The freeze-drying protection effect of cold stress and arginine on <em>E. faecalis</em> L118 was evaluated using one-way ANOVA and response surface methodology (RSM), and the freeze-drying protection system was optimized. Subsequently, the protective mechanism and efficacy of the optimized system were further assessed via cell membrane integrity analysis, storage stability tests, probiotic property assays, and RT-qPCR. In this study, cold stress on <em>E. faecalis</em> L118 before freeze-drying and arginine as a cryoprotectant significantly enhanced its survival rate. The optimal protection system was optimized via RSM to consist of cold stress at 8 °C for 8 h, 1.5 % arginine, 10.4 % skim milk, and 9.8 % glycerol, and the survival rate of <em>E. faecalis</em> L118 achieved under this system was 87.90 ± 1.28 %. The <em>E. faecalis</em> L118 treated with the optimal protection system had relatively high storage stability at −20 °C and could maintain the cell membrane integrity and probiotic properties of <em>E. faecalis</em> L118. RT-qPCR results indicated that cold stress significantly upregulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) the expression of <em>atpA</em>, <em>plsX</em>, <em>luxS</em>, and <em>SOD</em> genes, while arginine upregulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) <em>atpA</em>, <em>cspC</em>, <em>LDH1</em>, <em>FabH</em>, <em>FabF</em>, <em>plsX</em>, and <em>mprF2</em> genes. All genes in the optimal protection system were upregulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Our study demonstrated the protective effects of cold stress and arginine on <em>E. faecalis</em> L118 during freeze-drying and established a novel freeze-drying protective system, providing a theoretical basis for the preservation and industrial-scale production of <em>E. faecalis</em> L118.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose and maltose supplementation in the freezing medium of Creole rooster spermatozoa improves in vivo fertility","authors":"Elías Segarra Zenteno ,&nbsp;Liliana Morocho ,&nbsp;Karen Vásquez ,&nbsp;Mauricio Duma ,&nbsp;Diego A. Galarza","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of glucose-maltose supplementation in freezing medium on the kinematic, viability, and fertility of Creole rooster spermatozoa. Fifty ejaculates from 10 Creole roosters were obtained in 5 weekly sessions to create 10 heterologous pools. Each pool was extended with Lake-Ravie plus 6 % dimethylacetamide and allocated to: GM1 (0.64 % glucose + 0.33 % maltose), GM2 (0.72 % glucose + 0.17 % maltose), or non-supplemented control. After thawing, the control presented higher motility and beat-cross frequency than GM1 and GM2 (P &lt; 0.05). Viability was greater in GM1 and control than in GM2 (P &lt; 0.05). Crucially, the fertility after artificial insemination of hens with frozen-thawed sperm from the GM1 group was higher (P &lt; 0.05) compared to the non-supplemented group. In conclusion, glucose-maltose supplementation to the freezing medium can improve the viability and fertility of frozen-thawed Creole rooster semen, supporting its use in genetic conservation and breeding programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10897,"journal":{"name":"Cryobiology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}