Current pharmaceutical biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Revolution in Pharmaceutical Sciences: Advancements, Clinical Impacts, and Applications.","authors":"Praveen Halagali, Devika Nayak, Raagul Seenivasan, Jyothsna Manikkath, Mahalaxmi Rathnanand, Vamshi Krishna Tippavajhala","doi":"10.2174/0113892010356115241224104018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010356115241224104018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly transforming drug discovery and development process, significantly impacting the pharmaceutical industry and enhancing human health. This review article examines the tremendous role of AI in analyzing complex biological data, optimizing research processes, and reducing costs of production. Implementation of AI in the pharmaceutical sector can store a vast dataset of manufacturing processes, identify potential disease targets, simulate physiological conditions, and predict drug interactions. The review article also discusses the AI concepts and their applications, particularly in developing solid dosage forms. Advanced algorithms optimize formulation processes, predict pharmacokinetics profiles, and assess drug toxicity profiles, facilitating a more efficient pathway from pilot study to market. Additionally, this review highlights the advancements in 3D printing technologies of dosage forms that have the ability to provide personalized treatment to different individuals. Furthermore, the article explores the opportunities and challenges of AI in healthcare, focusing on applications such as disease diagnosis, digital therapy, and epidemic forecasting. Prominent AI technologies like deep learning and neural networks are examined for their roles in predicting outbreaks of diseases like influenza and COVID-19. As the pharmaceutical landscape evolves, AI is poised to redefine traditional methods. This paves the way for more efficient healthcare solutions. By harnessing the interplay of technology and science, AI not only increases productivity; but it also promotes a new era of precision medicine tailored to the needs of each patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of 1,8-Cineole Treatment on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats.","authors":"Bahaa Al-Trad, Yazan Abu Haija, Alaa A Aljabali, Ghada Alomari, Lena Tahat, Muath Q Al-Ghadi","doi":"10.2174/0113892010356355241222215343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010356355241222215343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a non-malignant growth of the prostate gland; it's the most common prostatic growth in aging men. 1,8-cineole is a natural compound that is extracted from the essential oil of several aromatic plants including Eucalyptus spp. Recent studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of 1,8-cineole. This study aims to investigate the effects of 1,8-cineole treatment on the development of BPH induced by testosterone in rats.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty adult male rats were divided into three groups (n=10): a control group, an untreated BPH group that received subcutaneous injections of testosterone (3 mg/kg), and a BPH+cineole group that received 50 mg/kg of cineole intraperitoneally in addition to testosterone for 21 days. Histological changes, serum testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels, prostatic tissue content of the inflammatory biomarkers interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), oxidative stress biomarkers superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), angiogenesis biomarker vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), cellular proliferation biomarker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), and pro-apoptotic (Bax) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) genes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cineole treatment led to a reduction in the prostate weight-to-body weight ratio, as well as the restoration of histopathological changes caused by testosterone. Cineole treatment reduced the serum levels of testosterone and DHT, and the prostatic tissue levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, VEGF-A, PCNA, and TGF-β1 compared to those in the BPH group. Additionally, cineole treatment enhanced the SOD activity and decreased the MDA levels in the prostate tissue. Finally, the mRNA expression of the Bax was increased, while the expression of the Bcl-2 was decreased by cineole.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results highlight the effectiveness of cineole in preventing BPH development in rats. This preventive effect was attributed to the regulation of inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Bioinformatics and Experimental Validation Reveal the Mechanistic Action of Patchouli Alcohol in Prostate Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Songhui Zhai, Juan Zhao, Jian Cai","doi":"10.2174/0113892010355513241224101450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010355513241224101450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prostate cancer is an androgen-dependent malignancy, and the use of androgen deprivation therapies frequently results in treatment resistance, relapse, and the development of aggressive castration-resistant tumors. Patchouli alcohol, a tricyclic sesquiterpene derived from Pogostemon cablin of the Labiatae family, has demonstrated potential in modulating inflammatory responses and tumor progression. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms through which patchouli alcohol influences inflammatory pathways associated with prostate cancer using bioinformatics and experimental validation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were identified from the GSE46602 dataset, containing 36 prostate cancer and 14 normal prostate biopsy samples, using the GEO2R tool (adjusted P < 0.05). Functional annotation was performed using GO and KEGG databases, while PPI networks were constructed via STRING and Cytoscape. Key hub genes were identified. To validate the bioinformatics findings, qPCR and Western blotting were employed to confirm the differential expression of selected hub genes in DU145 prostate cancer cells treated with patchouli oil.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bioinformatic analysis revealed 71 DEGs, including 35 upregulated and 36 downregulated genes. Thirteen hub genes were identified (DCK, APRT, ADK, KCNK9, ADSL, PKM, KCNK3, S100A10, ENTPD2, PKLR, ARHGEF38, TPK1, and AK5), which were enriched in pathways, such as MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Ras, and Rap1. Experimental validation confirmed the upregulation of DCK, APRT, KCNK9, ADSL, PKM, S100A10, ENTPD2, PKLR, ARHGEF38, and AK5, and the downregulation of ADK, KCNK3, and TPK1 at both the mRNA and protein levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patchouli alcohol appears to influence multiple hub genes associated with prostate cancer progression through its modulation of key cellular signaling and metabolic pathways. These findings support its potential role as a therapeutic agent for prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Regulatory Frameworks and Compliances for Bacteriophages as Therapeutic Agents.","authors":"Shilpa Deshpande Kaistha, Pramila Devi, Nisha Sharma, Sadhana Sagar","doi":"10.2174/0113892010347488250113171505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010347488250113171505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance in recurrent bacterial infections has led to exploring alternative therapeutic options, including using bacteria lysing viruses [bacteriophages] to control recalcitrant infections. Bacteriophages [Phage] and their end products such as enzymes, virus-like particles, and vectors are being used for varied applications such as basic and applied research for the field of phage therapeutics. Phage-based products and services such as viral vectors for gene therapy/vaccines, imaging agents, diagnostics as well as drug delivery agents form a wide range of useful innovative therapeutics that are under development. Regulatory compliances are hence essential for safely implementing phage in varied applications. Product compliances ensure safety, efficacy, stability, and quality control in preclinical as well as manufacturing and marketing processes. A well-established regulatory framework ensures innovative product development with high rates of successful clinical translation and development of phage therapeutics as effective alternatives to antibiotics or for consideration in integrated pathogen management strategies. This review highlights the importance of regulatory standards in different stages of phage therapy- during preclinical research as well as different regulatory bodies in the manufacturing, clinical evaluation, and market approval of phage-based products. Global trends in facilitating phage therapeutics' regulatory frameworks and compliances are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Biological Effects and Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota in Breast Cancer: A Review.","authors":"Long Ma, Yuxin Liu, Mingliang Ning, Xiaoyun Ding, Chunyan Shang, Bin Mai, Zhiqiang Hu, Ru Zhou","doi":"10.2174/0113892010352725241226043912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010352725241226043912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignant tumor. BC is serious and has a high mortality rate. The incidence of BC has increased in recent years. The incidence rate is higher in coastal cities than in inland areas and in urban areas than in rural areas. Affect the occurrence and development of BC, such as inflammation and immune response. One of the cutting- edge studies to gain insight into the pathogenesis of BC is through the gut microbiota (GM) influencing the health status of the human body. Advances in metabolomics analysis can provide a clearer picture of changes in the composition of GM. The composition and quantity of GM can affect the health of other parts of the body, and the disorder of GM can lead to the occurrence and aggravation of diseases in different parts of the body. This paper not only discusses the dual biological effects of GM on BC, the relationship between GM and its metabolites, and BC and its related mechanisms but also explores traditional treatments for BC as well as the treatment of BC through GM, providing theoretical support for the use of methods to regulate GM in the clinical study of BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Evaluation and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Nano-formulated Selenium-Moringa Peregrine Seed Extract as a Promising Suppressor of TGF-β1/P38/NF-kβ Signaling Pathway in HgCl2 Intoxicated-Mice.","authors":"Mahmoud M Eltawila, Reham A Hamdy, Mohammed A Hussein, Samar M Aborhyem","doi":"10.2174/0113892010352642241221152820","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892010352642241221152820","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Moringa peregrina, renowned for its extensive health benefits, continues to reveal its therapeutic potential through ongoing research. The synthesis of Moringa peregrina extract-selenium nanoparticles (MPE-SeNPs) has emerged as a promising approach in developing versatile therapeutic agents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the protective effects of MPE-SeNPs against oxidative damage and inflammation caused by HgCl2 exposure in mice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The study involved extracting and characterizing the dried powdered seeds of Moringa peregrina to determine their nutritional and bioactive contents. MPE-SeNPs were synthesized using plant extracts and characterized through TEM, UV-Vis, and FT-IR techniques to assess their chelating and superoxide radical scavenging activities. The LD50 of MPE-SeNPs was determined, and doses of 1/50 and 1/20 of the LD50 were administered to HgCl₂-exposed mice to evaluate lung protective effects. Biochemical analyses measured plasma lipid profiles and lung antioxidant status, while gene expression of TGF-β1, P38, and NF-kβ in lung tissue was analyzed. Histopathological examinations of lung tissues were conducted to observe structural changes and fibrosis, providing a comprehensive assessment of the protective efficacy of MPE-SeNPs against oxidative damage and inflammation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The raw Moringa peregrine seeds contain approximately 27.81% fat, 32.10% protein, 13.11% fiber, 4.11% ash and 22.93% carbohydrate content. The phenolic and flavonoid content in debittered seeds is approximately 76.42 mg of GAE/g DE), and 15.55 mg of QE/g DE, respectively. However, MPE and MPESeNPs exhibited chelating activity with 54 and 80.64% after 60 min. Additionally, at a concentration of 120 μg/mL, the superoxide radical scavenging activity was 71% for MPE and 93% for MPE-SeNPs after 5 minutes of incubation. The IC50 values recorded for MPE and MPE-SeNPs were 80.38 and 48.01 μg/mL, respectively. MPE-SeNPs had an average size of approximately 130.63 nm. UV-Vis spectrum peaks and FTIR identified functional groups associated with phenolics and flavonoids. LD50 of MPE-SeNPs was estimated to be 773 mg/kg body weight. Oral administration of MPE and MPE-SeNPs led to improvements in plasma lipid profile as well as lung antioxidant status. Moreover, downregulation of lung TGF-β1, P38, and NF-kβ gene expression in HgCl2-intoxicated mice when treated with MPE-SeNPs. In addition, MPE-SeNPs improve lung tissue by enhancing antioxidant enzymes, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and scavenging free radicals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The study reveals that Moringa peregrina extract combined with selenium nanoparticles (MPESeNPs) offers significant protection against oxidative damage induced by HgCl₂ exposure. The enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of MPE-SeNPs, particularly at a dose of 38.65 mg/kg body weight, demonstrate their poten","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticles as Delivery Vehicles for Vaccines: The Use of Gold Nanoparticles.","authors":"Nadeem Kizilbash, Nida Suhail, Mohamed Soliman, Ranya Mohammed Elmagzoub, Madison Marsh, Rimsha Farooq","doi":"10.2174/0113892010363803250110052220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010363803250110052220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since their inception, therapeutic or prophylactic vaccines have emerged as promising candidates for the prevention or treatment of infections and various diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. In recent times, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have acquired active roles in the field of vaccine development due to their intrinsic capacity to adjust and enhance the immune response. Due to their characteristics, GNPs can exert optimal effects as both delivery vehicles and adjuvants. Despite their significant importance in vaccinology, numerous obstacles need to be overcome before GNPs can be used in the formulations of vaccines in clinical settings. The current review summarizes the latest and successful use of gold nanoparticles as a viable method for developing a new generation of vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Niosomal Encapsulation of Anti-Cancer Peptides: A Revolutionary Strategy in Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Bhaveshkumar A Patel, Ankur Vashi, Ramakrishna Borra, Mehul Patel","doi":"10.2174/0113892010344931241220042746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010344931241220042746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer treatment has evolved significantly over the years, incorporating a range of modalities including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. However, challenges such as drug resistance, systemic toxicity, and poor targeting necessitate innovative approaches. Peptides have gained attention in cancer therapy due to their specificity, potency, and ability to modulate various biological pathways. Peptide-based drugs can act as hormones, enzyme inhibitors, or targeting ligands, contributing to their versatile role in cancer treatment. However, peptides face several challenges, including instability, rapid degradation, and poor bioavailability. One promising strategy is the use of niosomal delivery systems for peptidebased therapies. Niosomes, which resemble liposomes in structure, are vesicles based on nonionic surfactants. They are composed of a bilayer created through the self-assembly of non-ionic surfactants in water, enabling them to encapsulate hydrophilic, lipophilic, and amphiphilic drugs. Their unique properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to encapsulate diverse therapeutic agents, make them suitable for drug delivery applications. This review aims to explore how the niosomal preparation of peptides can revolutionize oncology drugs by overcoming critical challenges like drug resistance, systemic toxicity, poor targeting, instability, rapid degradation, and low bioavailability. This review aims to explore how niosomes can specifically address key limitations in cancer therapy, including targeting, bioavailability, and stability of peptide-based drugs. By consolidating recent advancements, the review sheds light on how niosomal encapsulation can overcome barriers in cancer treatment and improve therapeutic outcomes for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotechnological Perspectives on the Therapeutic Potential of Phenylpropanoid Cinnamaldehyde in Inflammatory Diseases: Signaling Pathways.","authors":"Ian Jhemes Oliveira Sousa, Kerolayne De Melo Nogueira, Rita de Cássia Meneses Oliveira","doi":"10.2174/0113892010343782250110113310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010343782250110113310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The traditional use of plants of the Cinnamomum genus dates back to traditional Eastern medicine for millennia and they have also been used in Western integrative medicine practices, especially for their anti-inflammatory activity. In the context of chemical diversity, the absolute majority of species in this genus have cinnamaldehyde as the majority component, which in turn holds the title of the active ingredient, whose biological effect profile has already been demonstrated in numerous experiments in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. In this context, the objective of this research was to investigate how cinnamaldehyde can influence inflammatory phenomena. To this end, the data search was carried out in Pub- Med, SciELO, and LILACS databases using the following descriptors: \"cinnamaldehyde OR cinnamaldehyde\" and \"inflammation\". Next, the methodological quality of the selected articles was checked, excluding repeated studies, which were purely in silico and not relevant to the construction of this research. The findings showed cinnamaldehyde to modulate the inflammatory response by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators and important signaling trajectories, including NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, TGF-β/Smads, and the NRF2/ARE antioxidant pathway. Cinnamaldehyde's scope of investigation also involves aspects of translational science, exhibiting therapeutic effects in human models, which suggests that it may have clinical relevance. The data support that cinnamaldehyde is a promising candidate for development as a treatment in inflammatory pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lutein and Zeaxanthin: Source, Extraction, Stability, Bioactivity, and Functional Food Applications.","authors":"Surabhi Pandey, Akansha Gupta, Dipendra Kumar Mahato, Veena Paul, Abhishek Dutt Tripathi, Prasad Rasane, Pradeep Kumar, Madhu Kamle, Shafiul Haque","doi":"10.2174/0113892010334209241206113640","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892010334209241206113640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nature has been acknowledged as a fundamental source of diverse bioactive molecules. Among natural carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin, and their oxidative metabolites are specifically deposited in the macular region of living organisms. Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids primarily found in green leafy vegetables, eggs, and various fruits. Lutein and zeaxanthin emerge as the primary carotenoids in the retina, playing a crucial role as photo-protectants to prevent retinal degeneration. The extraction of lutein and zeaxanthin from natural sources involves several techniques, including solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction, with an emphasis on optimizing efficiency and yield. Incorporating these carotenoids into functional foods-such as fortified dairy products, baked goods, and snacks-enhances their nutritional profiles and provides significant health benefits. This review examines the sources, stability, bioactivity, and various extraction methods for lutein and zeaxanthin, highlighting their potential for photoprotection, antioxidant activity, and antidiabetic effects. These attributes, combined with innovative extraction techniques, position lutein and zeaxanthin as promising ingredients for functional food applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}