Current Atherosclerosis Reports最新文献_第8页

Machine Learning in Invasive and Noninvasive Coronary Angiography 有创和无创冠状动脉造影中的机器学习

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01178-z

Ozan Unlu, Akl C. Fahed

{"title":"Machine Learning in Invasive and Noninvasive Coronary Angiography","authors":"Ozan Unlu, Akl C. Fahed","doi":"10.1007/s11883-023-01178-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-023-01178-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3>The objective of this review is to shed light on the transformative potential of machine learning (ML) in coronary angiography. We aim to understand existing developments in using ML for coronary angiography and discuss broader implications for the future of coronary angiography and cardiovascular medicine.<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3>The developments in invasive and noninvasive imaging have revolutionized diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, CAD remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. ML has emerged as a powerful tool to further improve image analysis, hemodynamic assessment, lesion detection, and predictive modeling. These advancements have enabled more accurate identification of CAD, streamlined workflows, reduced the need for invasive diagnostic procedures, and improved the diagnostic value of invasive procedures when they are needed. Further integration of ML with coronary angiography will advance the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CAD.<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3>The integration of ML with coronary angiography is ushering in a new era in cardiovascular medicine. We highlight five use cases to leverage ML in coronary angiography: (1) improvement of quality and efficacy, (2) characterization of plaque, (3) hemodynamic assessment, (4) prediction of future outcomes, and (5) diagnosis of non-atherosclerotic coronary disease.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stratification in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Imaging, Biomarkers, and Genetic Testing. 杂合子家族性高胆固醇血症的分层：影像学、生物标志物和遗传测试。

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01160-9

Pablo Corral, Carlos A Aguilar Salinas, María Gabriela Matta, Valeria Zago, Laura Schreier

{"title":"Stratification in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Imaging, Biomarkers, and Genetic Testing.","authors":"Pablo Corral, Carlos A Aguilar Salinas, María Gabriela Matta, Valeria Zago, Laura Schreier","doi":"10.1007/s11883-023-01160-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-023-01160-9","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) is the most common monogenic autosomal dominant disorder. However, the condition is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the risk stratification in patients with HeFH, incorporating new cardiovascular imaging techniques, various biomarkers, and genetic studies.Recent findings: The diagnosis of HeFH places patients in a high cardiovascular risk category due to the increased incidence of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the level of risk varies significantly among different individuals with HeFH. Achieving an optimal stratification of cardiovascular risk is crucial for establishing appropriate and accurate treatment and management strategies. Different new tools such as risk scores have emerged in recent years, aiding physicians in assessing the risk stratification for HeFH using imaging, biomarkers, and genetics. This review emphasizes that not all patients with HeFH face the same cardiovascular risk. By utilizing different assessment tools, we can identify those who require more intensive monitoring, follow-up, and treatment.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"899-909"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71434060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rap1 in the Context of PCSK9, Atherosclerosis, and Diabetes. Rap1在PCSK9、动脉粥样硬化和糖尿病中的作用

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01162-7

Heena Agarwal, Brea Tinsley, Amesh K Sarecha, Lale Ozcan

{"title":"Rap1 in the Context of PCSK9, Atherosclerosis, and Diabetes.","authors":"Heena Agarwal, Brea Tinsley, Amesh K Sarecha, Lale Ozcan","doi":"10.1007/s11883-023-01162-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-023-01162-7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The focus of this article is to highlight the importance of the small GTPase, Ras-associated protein 1 (Rap1), in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulation and atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes etiology and discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting Rap1 in these disease areas.Review findings: Cardiometabolic disease characterized by obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remain an important cause of mortality. Evidence using mouse models of obesity and insulin resistance indicates that Rap1 deficiency increases proatherogenic PCSK9 and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and predisposes these mice to develop obesity- and statin-induced hyperglycemia, which highlights Rap1's role in cardiometabolic dysfunction. Rap1 may also contribute to cardiovascular disease through its effects on vascular wall cells involved in the atherosclerosis progression. Rap1 activation, specifically in the liver, could be beneficial in the prevention of cardiometabolic perturbations, including type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and atherosclerosis.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"931-937"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136396762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Caregiver Influences on Eating Behaviors in Children: An Opportunity for Preventing Obesity. 照顾者对儿童饮食行为的影响:预防肥胖的机会。

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01171-6

Lorraine M Schratz, Olivia Larkin, Nilse Dos Santos, Christine Martin

{"title":"Caregiver Influences on Eating Behaviors in Children: An Opportunity for Preventing Obesity.","authors":"Lorraine M Schratz, Olivia Larkin, Nilse Dos Santos, Christine Martin","doi":"10.1007/s11883-023-01171-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-023-01171-6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review seeks to define caregiver practices that impact childhood eating behaviors and identify ways to utilize these relationships to prevent childhood obesity.Recent findings: Childhood obesity, which correlates with adult obesity and increased cardiovascular risk, is increasing in prevalence and severity. Caregivers play a significant role in shaping a child's eating behaviors and their predisposition to obesity. Maternal influences during pregnancy and infancy impact a child's future food preferences. Caregiver feeding styles (authoritarian, authoritative, indulgent, and uninvolved) are associated with distinct effects on children's eating behaviors and self-regulation. Authoritative feeding styles promote child autonomy while setting boundaries in the feeding environment. Early caregiver education and coaching regarding nutrition and feeding practices is beneficial to establishing healthy eating behaviors for children. Various caregivers, including parents, grandparents, siblings, teachers, and others, influence a child's eating habits at different stages of development. These caregivers can both positively and negatively impact a child's diet. Comprehensive interventions involving these various caregivers to promote healthy eating practices in children is ideal. Such interventions should be sensitive to cultural and environmental factors. Childhood obesity is a complex issue with long-term health effects. Early intervention using comprehensive approaches including all caregivers, community support, and public policies to address the social determinants of health will be beneficial. Future research should focus on valid outcome measures and equitable interventions that encompass all aspects of a child's life.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1035-1045"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138458466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polysocial Risk Scores: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment and Management. 多社会风险评分:心血管疾病风险评估和管理的意义。

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01173-4

Zulqarnain Javed, Harun Kundi, Ryan Chang, Anoop Titus, Hassaan Arshad

{"title":"Polysocial Risk Scores: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment and Management.","authors":"Zulqarnain Javed, Harun Kundi, Ryan Chang, Anoop Titus, Hassaan Arshad","doi":"10.1007/s11883-023-01173-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-023-01173-4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To review current evidence, discuss key knowledge gaps and identify opportunities for development, validation and application of polysocial risk scores (pSRS) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction and population cardiovascular health management.Recent findings: Limited existing evidence suggests that pSRS are promising tools to capture cumulative social determinants of health (SDOH) burden and improve CVD risk prediction beyond traditional risk factors. However, available tools lack generalizability, are cross-sectional in nature or do not assess social risk holistically across SDOH domains. Available SDOH and clinical risk factor data in large population-based databases are under-utilized for pSRS development. Recent advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence present unprecedented opportunities for SDOH integration and assessment in real-world data, with implications for pSRS development and validation for both clinical and healthcare utilization outcomes. pSRS presents unique opportunities to potentially improve traditional \"clinical\" models of CVD risk prediction. Future efforts should focus on fully utilizing available SDOH data in large epidemiological databases, testing pSRS efficacy in diverse population subgroups, and integrating pSRS into real-world clinical decision support systems to inform clinical care and advance cardiovascular health equity.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1059-1068"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138476965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coronary and Extra-coronary Subclinical Atherosclerosis to Guide Lipid-Lowering Therapy. 冠状动脉和冠状动脉外亚临床动脉粥样硬化指导降脂治疗。

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01161-8

Jelani K Grant, Carl E Orringer

{"title":"Coronary and Extra-coronary Subclinical Atherosclerosis to Guide Lipid-Lowering Therapy.","authors":"Jelani K Grant, Carl E Orringer","doi":"10.1007/s11883-023-01161-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-023-01161-8","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To discuss and review the technical considerations, fundamentals, and guideline-based indications for coronary artery calcium scoring, and the use of other non-invasive imaging modalities, such as extra-coronary calcification in cardiovascular risk prediction.Recent findings: The most robust evidence for the use of CAC scoring is in select individuals, 40-75 years of age, at borderline to intermediate 10-year ASCVD risk. Recent US recommendations support the use of CAC scoring in varying clinical scenarios. First, in adults with very high CAC scores (CAC ≥ 1000), the use of high-intensity statin therapy and, if necessary, guideline-based add-on LDL-C lowering therapies (ezetimibe, PCSK9-inhibitors) to achieve a ≥ 50% reduction in LDL-C and optimally an LDL-C < 70 mg/dL is recommended. In patients with a CAC score ≥ 100 at low risk of bleeding, the benefits of aspirin use may outweigh the risk of bleeding. Other applications of CAC scoring include risk estimation on non-contrast CT scans of the chest, risk prediction in younger patients (< 40 years of age), its value as a gatekeeper for the decision to perform nuclear stress testing, and to aid in risk stratification in patients presenting with low-risk chest pain. There is a correlation between extra-coronary calcification (e.g., breast arterial calcification, aortic calcification, and aortic valve calcification) and incident ASCVD events. However, its role in informing lipid management remains unclear. Identification of coronary calcium in selected patients is the single best non-invasive imaging modality to identify future ASCVD risk and inform lipid-lowering therapy decision-making.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"911-920"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136396759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Should Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Be Included in the UK Newborn Whole Genome Sequencing Programme? 家族性高胆固醇血症应该纳入英国新生儿全基因组测序计划吗?

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01177-0

Steve E Humphries, Uma Ramaswami, Neil Hopper

引用次数: 0

Gene Regulatory Networks in Coronary Artery Disease. 冠状动脉疾病的基因调控网络

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01170-7

Jenny Cheng, Michael Cheng, Aldons J Lusis, Xia Yang

{"title":"Gene Regulatory Networks in Coronary Artery Disease.","authors":"Jenny Cheng, Michael Cheng, Aldons J Lusis, Xia Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11883-023-01170-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-023-01170-7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Coronary artery disease is a complex disorder and the leading cause of mortality worldwide. As technologies for the generation of high-throughput multiomics data have advanced, gene regulatory network modeling has become an increasingly powerful tool in understanding coronary artery disease. This review summarizes recent and novel gene regulatory network tools for bulk tissue and single cell data, existing databases for network construction, and applications of gene regulatory networks in coronary artery disease.Recent findings: New gene regulatory network tools can integrate multiomics data to elucidate complex disease mechanisms at unprecedented cellular and spatial resolutions. At the same time, updates to coronary artery disease expression data in existing databases have enabled researchers to build gene regulatory networks to study novel disease mechanisms. Gene regulatory networks have proven extremely useful in understanding CAD heritability beyond what is explained by GWAS loci and in identifying mechanisms and key driver genes underlying disease onset and progression. Gene regulatory networks can holistically and comprehensively address the complex nature of coronary artery disease. In this review, we discuss key algorithmic approaches to construct gene regulatory networks and highlight state-of-the-art methods that model specific modes of gene regulation. We also explore recent applications of these tools in coronary artery disease patient data repositories to understand disease heritability and shared and distinct disease mechanisms and key driver genes across tissues, between sexes, and between species.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1013-1023"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11466510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine Learning in Cardiovascular Risk Prediction and Precision Preventive Approaches. 机器学习在心血管风险预测和精确预防方法中的应用。

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01174-3

Nitesh Gautam, Joshua Mueller, Omar Alqaisi, Tanmay Gandhi, Abdallah Malkawi, Tushar Tarun, Hani J Alturkmani, Muhammed Ali Zulqarnain, Gianluca Pontone, Subhi J Al'Aref

{"title":"Machine Learning in Cardiovascular Risk Prediction and Precision Preventive Approaches.","authors":"Nitesh Gautam, Joshua Mueller, Omar Alqaisi, Tanmay Gandhi, Abdallah Malkawi, Tushar Tarun, Hani J Alturkmani, Muhammed Ali Zulqarnain, Gianluca Pontone, Subhi J Al'Aref","doi":"10.1007/s11883-023-01174-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-023-01174-3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: In this review, we sought to provide an overview of ML and focus on the contemporary applications of ML in cardiovascular risk prediction and precision preventive approaches. We end the review by highlighting the limitations of ML while projecting on the potential of ML in assimilating these multifaceted aspects of CAD in order to improve patient-level outcomes and further population health.Recent findings: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is estimated to affect 20.5 million adults across the USA, while also impacting a significant burden at the socio-economic level. While the knowledge of the mechanistic pathways that govern the onset and progression of clinical CAD has improved over the past decade, contemporary patient-level risk models lag in accuracy and utility. Recently, there has been renewed interest in combining advanced analytic techniques that utilize artificial intelligence (AI) with a big data approach in order to improve risk prediction within the realm of CAD. By virtue of being able to combine diverse amounts of multidimensional horizontal data, machine learning has been employed to build models for improved risk prediction and personalized patient care approaches. The use of ML-based algorithms has been used to leverage individualized patient-specific data and the associated metabolic/genomic profile to improve CAD risk assessment. While the tool can be visualized to shift the paradigm toward a patient-specific care, it is crucial to acknowledge and address several challenges inherent to ML and its integration into healthcare before it can be significantly incorporated in the daily clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1069-1081"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lipid Lowering Drugs in Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS). 急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的降脂药物。

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01163-6

Natalie Arnold, Wolfgang Koenig

引用次数: 0