Current Atherosclerosis Reports最新文献_第9页

The Role of Bacterial Extracellular Membrane Nanovesicles in Atherosclerosis: Unraveling a Potential Trigger. 细菌胞外膜纳米颗粒在动脉粥样硬化中的作用：揭开潜在诱因的面纱

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01206-6

Konstantin A Lusta, Volha I Summerhill, Victoria A Khotina, Vasily N Sukhorukov, Victor Y Glanz, Alexander N Orekhov

{"title":"The Role of Bacterial Extracellular Membrane Nanovesicles in Atherosclerosis: Unraveling a Potential Trigger.","authors":"Konstantin A Lusta, Volha I Summerhill, Victoria A Khotina, Vasily N Sukhorukov, Victor Y Glanz, Alexander N Orekhov","doi":"10.1007/s11883-024-01206-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-024-01206-6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: In this review, we explore the intriguing and evolving connections between bacterial extracellular membrane nanovesicles (BEMNs) and atherosclerosis development, highlighting the evidence on molecular mechanisms by which BEMNs can promote the athero-inflammatory process that is central to the progression of atherosclerosis.Recent findings: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily driven by metabolic and lifestyle factors; however, some studies have suggested that bacterial infections may contribute to the development of both atherogenesis and inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions. In particular, the participation of BEMNs in atherosclerosis pathogenesis has attracted special attention. We provide some general insights into how the immune system responds to potential threats such as BEMNs during the development of atherosclerosis. A comprehensive understanding of contribution of BEMNs to atherosclerosis pathogenesis may lead to the development of targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of the disease.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"289-304"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Analysis of Atherogenic Lipoproteins L5 and Lp(a) in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. 动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病中致动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白 L5 和脂蛋白（a）的比较分析

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01209-3

Omer Akyol, Chao-Yuh Yang, Darren G Woodside, Huan-Hsing Chiang, Chu-Huang Chen, Antonio M Gotto

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Atherogenic Lipoproteins L5 and Lp(a) in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Omer Akyol, Chao-Yuh Yang, Darren G Woodside, Huan-Hsing Chiang, Chu-Huang Chen, Antonio M Gotto","doi":"10.1007/s11883-024-01209-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-024-01209-3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) poses a risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). As LDL comprises various subtypes differing in charge, density, and size, understanding their specific impact on ASCVD is crucial. Two highly atherogenic LDL subtypes-electronegative LDL (L5) and Lp(a)-induce vascular cell apoptosis and atherosclerotic changes independent of plasma cholesterol levels, and their mechanisms warrant further investigation. Here, we have compared the roles of L5 and Lp(a) in the development of ASCVD.Recent findings: Lp(a) tends to accumulate in artery walls, promoting plaque formation and potentially triggering atherosclerosis progression through prothrombotic or antifibrinolytic effects. High Lp(a) levels correlate with calcific aortic stenosis and atherothrombosis risk. L5 can induce endothelial cell apoptosis and increase vascular permeability, inflammation, and atherogenesis, playing a key role in initiating atherosclerosis. Elevated L5 levels in certain high-risk populations may serve as a distinctive predictor of ASCVD. L5 and Lp(a) are both atherogenic lipoproteins contributing to ASCVD through distinct mechanisms. Lp(a) has garnered attention, but equal consideration should be given to L5.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"317-329"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11192678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Noninvasive Atherosclerotic Phenotyping: The Next Frontier into Understanding the Pathobiology of Coronary Artery Disease. 无创动脉粥样硬化表型分析：了解冠状动脉疾病病理生物学的下一个前沿。

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01205-7

Rafal Wolny, Jolien Geers, Kajetan Grodecki, Jacek Kwiecinski, Michelle C Williams, Piotr J Slomka, Selma Hasific, Andrew K Lin, Damini Dey

{"title":"Noninvasive Atherosclerotic Phenotyping: The Next Frontier into Understanding the Pathobiology of Coronary Artery Disease.","authors":"Rafal Wolny, Jolien Geers, Kajetan Grodecki, Jacek Kwiecinski, Michelle C Williams, Piotr J Slomka, Selma Hasific, Andrew K Lin, Damini Dey","doi":"10.1007/s11883-024-01205-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-024-01205-7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Despite recent advances, coronary artery disease remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Noninvasive imaging allows atherosclerotic phenotyping by measurement of plaque burden, morphology, activity and inflammation, which has the potential to refine patient risk stratification and guide personalized therapy. This review describes the current and emerging roles of advanced noninvasive cardiovascular imaging methods for the assessment of coronary artery disease.Recent findings: Cardiac computed tomography enables comprehensive, noninvasive imaging of the coronary vasculature, and is used to assess luminal stenoses, coronary calcifications, and distinct adverse plaque characteristics, helping to identify patients prone to future events. Novel software tools, implementing artificial intelligence solutions, can automatically quantify and characterize atherosclerotic plaque from standard computed tomography datasets. These quantitative imaging biomarkers have been shown to improve patient risk stratification beyond clinical risk scores and current clinical interpretation of cardiac computed tomography. In addition, noninvasive molecular imaging in higher risk patients can be used to assess plaque activity and plaque thrombosis. Noninvasive imaging allows unique insight into the burden, morphology and activity of atherosclerotic coronary plaques. Such phenotyping of atherosclerosis can potentially improve individual patient risk prediction, and in the near future has the potential for clinical implementation.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"305-315"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Sleep in Cardiovascular Disease. 睡眠在心血管疾病中的作用

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01207-5

Vita N Jaspan, Garred S Greenberg, Siddhant Parihar, Christine M Park, Virend K Somers, Michael D Shapiro, Carl J Lavie, Salim S Virani, Leandro Slipczuk

引用次数: 0

Roles and Mechanisms of miRNAs in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Signaling Pathways and Clinical Insights. miRNA 在腹主动脉瘤中的作用和机制：信号通路和临床启示。

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01204-8

Haorui Zhang, Ke Zhang, Yuanrui Gu, Yanxia Tu, Chenxi Ouyang

{"title":"Roles and Mechanisms of miRNAs in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Signaling Pathways and Clinical Insights.","authors":"Haorui Zhang, Ke Zhang, Yuanrui Gu, Yanxia Tu, Chenxi Ouyang","doi":"10.1007/s11883-024-01204-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-024-01204-8","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Abdominal aortic aneurysm refers to a serious medical condition that can cause the irreversible expansion of the abdominal aorta, which can lead to ruptures that are associated with up to 80% mortality. Currently, surgical and interventional procedures are the only treatment options available for treating abdominal aortic aneurysm patients. In this review, we focus on the upstream and downstream molecules of the microRNA-related signaling pathways and discuss the roles, mechanisms, and targets of microRNAs in abdominal aortic aneurysm modulation to provide novel insights for precise and targeted drug therapy for the vast number of abdominal aortic aneurysm patients.Recent findings: Recent studies have highlighted that microRNAs, which are emerging as novel regulators of gene expression, are involved in the biological activities of regulating abdominal aortic aneurysms. Accumulating studies suggested that microRNAs modulate abdominal aortic aneurysm development through various signaling pathways that are yet to be comprehensively summarized. A total of six signaling pathways (NF-κB signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and P53/P21 signaling pathway), and a total of 19 miRNAs are intimately associated with the biological properties of abdominal aortic aneurysm through targeting various essential molecules. MicroRNAs modulate the formation, progression, and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm by regulating smooth muscle cell proliferation and phenotype change, vascular inflammation and endothelium function, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Because of the broad crosstalk among signaling pathways, a comprehensive analysis of miRNA-mediated signaling pathways is necessary to construct a well-rounded upstream and downstream regulatory network for future basic and clinical research of AAA therapy.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"273-287"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Is it Ready for Prime Time? 人工智能在心血管疾病预防中的应用：它准备好进入黄金时代了吗？

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01210-w

Shyon Parsa, Sulaiman Somani, Ramzi Dudum, Sneha S Jain, Fatima Rodriguez

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Is it Ready for Prime Time?","authors":"Shyon Parsa, Sulaiman Somani, Ramzi Dudum, Sneha S Jain, Fatima Rodriguez","doi":"10.1007/s11883-024-01210-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-024-01210-w","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review evaluates how Artificial Intelligence (AI) enhances atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk assessment, allows for opportunistic screening, and improves adherence to guidelines through the analysis of unstructured clinical data and patient-generated data. Additionally, it discusses strategies for integrating AI into clinical practice in preventive cardiology.Recent findings: AI models have shown superior performance in personalized ASCVD risk evaluations compared to traditional risk scores. These models now support automated detection of ASCVD risk markers, including coronary artery calcium (CAC), across various imaging modalities such as dedicated ECG-gated CT scans, chest X-rays, mammograms, coronary angiography, and non-gated chest CT scans. Moreover, large language model (LLM) pipelines are effective in identifying and addressing gaps and disparities in ASCVD preventive care, and can also enhance patient education. AI applications are proving invaluable in preventing and managing ASCVD and are primed for clinical use, provided they are implemented within well-regulated, iterative clinical pathways.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"263-272"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141080774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacotherapy for Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Aging Population. 老年冠状动脉疾病和急性冠状动脉综合征的药物治疗。

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01203-9

Errol Moras, Syed Zaid, Kruti Gandhi, Nitin Barman, Yochai Birnbaum, Salim S Virani, Jacqueline Tamis-Holland, Hani Jneid, Chayakrit Krittanawong

{"title":"Pharmacotherapy for Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Aging Population.","authors":"Errol Moras, Syed Zaid, Kruti Gandhi, Nitin Barman, Yochai Birnbaum, Salim S Virani, Jacqueline Tamis-Holland, Hani Jneid, Chayakrit Krittanawong","doi":"10.1007/s11883-024-01203-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-024-01203-9","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To provide a comprehensive summary of relevant studies and evidence concerning the utilization of different pharmacotherapeutic and revascularization strategies in managing coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome specifically in the older adult population.Recent findings: Approximately 30% to 40% of hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome are older adults, among whom the majority of cardiovascular-related deaths occur. When compared to younger patients, these individuals generally experience inferior clinical outcomes. Most clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of various therapeutics have primarily enrolled patients under the age of 75, in addition to excluding those with geriatric complexities. In this review, we emphasize the need for a personalized and comprehensive approach to pharmacotherapy for coronary heart disease and acute coronary syndrome in older adults, considering concomitant geriatric syndromes and age-related factors to optimize treatment outcomes while minimizing potential risks and complications. In the realm of clinical practice, cardiovascular and geriatric risks are closely intertwined, with both being significant factors in determining treatments aimed at reducing negative outcomes and attaining health conditions most valued by older adults.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"231-248"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Genetics in Advancing Cardiometabolic Drug Development. 遗传学在推动心脏代谢药物开发中的作用。

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01195-6

Roukoz Abou-Karam, Fangzhou Cheng, Shoshana Gady, Akl C Fahed

{"title":"The Role of Genetics in Advancing Cardiometabolic Drug Development.","authors":"Roukoz Abou-Karam, Fangzhou Cheng, Shoshana Gady, Akl C Fahed","doi":"10.1007/s11883-024-01195-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-024-01195-6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The objective of this review is to explore the role of genetics in cardiometabolic drug development. The declining costs of sequencing and the availability of large-scale genomic data have deepened our understanding of cardiometabolic diseases, revolutionizing drug discovery and development methodologies. We highlight four key areas in which genetics is empowering drug development for cardiometabolic disease: (1) identifying drug candidates, (2) anticipating drug target failures, (3) silencing and editing genes, and (4) enriching clinical trials.Recent findings: Identifying novel drug targets through genetic discovery studies and the use of genetic variants as indicators of potential drug efficacy and safety have become critical components of cardiometabolic drug discovery. We highlight the successes of genetically-informed therapeutic strategies, such as PCSK9 and ANGPTL3 inhibitors in lipid lowering and the emerging role of polygenic risk scores in improving the efficiency of clinical trials. Additionally, we explore the potential of gene silencing and editing technologies, such as antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA, showcasing their promise in addressing diseases refractory to conventional treatments. In this review, we highlight four use cases that demonstrate the vital role of genetics in cardiometabolic drug development: (1) identifying drug candidates, (2) anticipating drug target failures, (3) silencing and editing genes, and (4) enriching clinical trials. Through these advances, genetics has paved the way to increased efficiency of drug development as well as the discovery of more personalized and effective treatments for cardiometabolic disease.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"153-162"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140049032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cardiovascular Effects of Stimulators of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Administration: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. 可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶刺激剂对心血管的影响：随机对照试验的 Meta 分析。

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01197-4

Cosimo Andrea Stamerra, Paolo Di Giosia, Paolo Giorgini, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar

{"title":"Cardiovascular Effects of Stimulators of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Administration: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Cosimo Andrea Stamerra, Paolo Di Giosia, Paolo Giorgini, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1007/s11883-024-01197-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-024-01197-4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Heart failure (HF) is one of the main causes of cardiovascular mortality in the western world. Despite great advances in treatment, recurrence and mortality rates remain high. Soluble guanylate cyclase is an enzyme which, by producing cGMP, is responsible for the effects of vasodilation, reduction of cardiac pre- and after-load and, therefore, the improvement of myocardial performance. Thus, a new therapeutic strategy is represented by the stimulators of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGCs). The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze the effects deriving from the administration of sGCs, in subjects affected by HF. A systematic literature search of Medline, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar was conducted up to December 2022 to identify RCTs assessing the cardiovascular effects, as NT-pro-BNP values and ejection fraction (EF), and all-cause mortality, of the sGCs. Quantitative data synthesis was performed using a random-effects model, with weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as summary statistics.Recent findings: The results obtained documented a statistically significant improvement in NT-proBNP values (SMD: - 0.258; 95% CI: - 0.398, - 0.118; p < 0.001) and EF (WMD: 0.948; 95% CI: 0.485, 1.411; p < 0.001) in subjects treated with sGCs; however, no significant change was found in the all-cause mortality rate (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.868 to 1.072; I2, p = 0). The sGCs represent a valid therapeutic option in subjects suffering from HF, leading to an improvement in cardiac performance.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"177-187"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

European Lipid Guidelines and Cardiovascular Risk Estimation: Current Status and Future Challenges. 欧洲血脂指南和心血管风险评估：现状与未来挑战

IF 5.7 2区医学

Current Atherosclerosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01194-7

Angela Pirillo, Lale Tokgözoğlu, Alberico L Catapano

{"title":"European Lipid Guidelines and Cardiovascular Risk Estimation: Current Status and Future Challenges.","authors":"Angela Pirillo, Lale Tokgözoğlu, Alberico L Catapano","doi":"10.1007/s11883-024-01194-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-024-01194-7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Genetic, experimental, epidemiologic, and clinical data support the causal role of elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The recommendations of the 2019 European guidelines are based on the concept of differential CV risk, which in turn defines the LDL-C goals that should be achieved.Recent findings: The 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for dyslipidaemia use the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) model to assess CV risk, which provides a 10-year risk of fatal CV event. The SCORE model has recently been updated to reflect current rates of cardiovascular disease in Europe. The new SCORE2 model provides estimates of the 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD events in people aged 40-69 years, thus improving the identification of individuals at higher risk of a CVD event. However, as in the SCORE age is the main determinant of risk, young people have a relatively low estimated 10-year risk of a CV event even with high levels of one or more causal risk factors. Individuals with familial hypercholesterolaemia, who have elevated LDL-C levels from birth and have a high risk of premature CVD, are one example. The concept of cumulative LDL exposure is thus becoming increasingly important. This is also supported by Mendelian randomisation studies showing that carrying genetic variants associated with lower LDL-C levels reduces CV risk. These observations have introduced the concept of \"cholesterol-years\", which takes into account both LDL-C levels and time of exposure. It is crucial that future European guidelines pay more attention to this point.","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":" ","pages":"133-137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140012415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0