Current Atherosclerosis Reports最新文献

{"title":"High Density Lipoprotein Particle Composition, Functionality, Deficiency, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Review.","authors":"Ernst J Schaefer, Bela F Asztalos, Tomas Vaisar, Margaret R Diffenderfer, H Bryan Brewer, Eveline O Stock, John P Kane","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01308-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-025-01308-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Decreased serum high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL particles, and cell-cholesterol-efflux-capacity have all been associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Our goals are to summarize recent findings with regard to these topics.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Apolipoprotein (apo) A1 containing HDL particles have been characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and apoA1 immunoblotting and range from very small preβ-1 HDL, small α-4 HDL, medium α-3 HDL to large and very large α-2 and α-1 HDL. Preβ-1 HDL are most efficient in serving as acceptors of free cholesterol and phospholipid from cells via ATP binding cassette transporter A1, while α-2 and α-1 HDL are most efficient in delivering cholesteryl-ester to the liver via scavenger receptor-B1 or to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) in exchange for triglycerides via cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Recent research on the relationships of the lipid and protein composition, function, metabolism and levels of HDL particles to ASCVD risk will be reviewed, as will advances in potential therapeutic options. HDL particles are by far the most abundant lipoproteins in plasma and contain 110 proteins involved in lipid metabolism and immune function. ApoA1, apoA2, and all lipid classes are found in all HDL particles. Low levels of large and very large α-HDL and increased levels of very small preβ-1 HDL have been associated with increased ASCVD risk. The best therapeutic options for ASCVD risk reduction in patients with low HDL-C is optimizing other risk factors including low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-C, small-dense LDL-C, plasma-glucose, body-mass-index, blood pressure, and the promotion of smoking cessation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances and Perspectives of Metabolomics-Based Investigations in Coronary Heart Disease.","authors":"Jianping Hu, Jiaxin Zhou, Yong Liang, Xiaotian Chen, Hongdong Liu, Bin Li, Luqi Huang","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01304-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-025-01304-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major global threat to human health. This review summarizes the latest progress of metabolomics in CHD research, and provides insights into the pathogenesis and identify dependable biomarkers of CHD.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>This review has summarized 303 metabolic indicators related to CHD, with a focus on 53 biomarkers, and highlighted the top 10 biomarkers with significant clinical value. The biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, and aminoacyl-tRNA, as well as amino acid metabolism, are linked to CHD pathogenesis. Amino acids and lipids play essential roles in understanding the onset and progression of CHD. This review provides a new perspective on enhancing our understanding of CHD pathogenesis and developing effective treatment interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Management of Dyslipidemia in Infants and Toddlers.","authors":"Jennifer C Kelley","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01305-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-025-01305-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Dyslipidemia can present as early as infancy however the prevalence and long-term outcomes are unclear. There is an unmet need for guidance in the evaluation and treatment approach in these patients. This review summarizes the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia in infants and toddlers and highlights potential treatment options.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Secondary factors unique to this population including prematurity and reliance on intravenous nutrition play a role in the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia, though primary genetic causes are also recognized. Severe hypertriglyceridemia poses a risk of acute pancreatitis in an already vulnerable population. Persistent dyslipidemia is a concern for future premature cardiovascular disease. Management of dyslipidemia is dependent on its etiology and severity. Primary and secondary causes should be considered and addressed. Although a variety of therapeutic agents are available in older children and adults, no approved therapies exist at this age, though off-label use of medications may be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144215199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular RNA role in Atherosclerosis Development and Progression.","authors":"Simona Greco, Carlo Gaetano, Daniela Mazzaccaro, Fabio Martelli","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01306-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-025-01306-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a distinct class of long noncoding RNAs characterized by covalently closed-loop structures, have emerged as pivotal regulators of gene expression. Their stability, abundance, and cell-type specificity make them increasingly relevant in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis and clinical management. Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the arterial wall, underlies many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of circRNAs' influence on the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaques.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The role of circRNAs in atherogenesis, where they may function as atheroprotective or atherogenic factors by modulating endothelial and smooth muscle cell functions, macrophage activity, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory signaling, has recently emerged. This review explores both experimental and in vivo findings on the functions of specific circRNAs and their involvement in cellular autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and vascular remodeling. Additionally, the diagnostic potential of circulating circRNAs as biomarkers for plaque instability and rupture has been investigated. Understanding circRNA-mediated regulatory networks may open new avenues for precision diagnostics and targeted therapies in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Disease Burden among African Migrants.","authors":"Karlijn A C Meeks, Charles Agyemang","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01307-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-025-01307-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To provide an overview of the current available evidence on the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among African migrants, including its risk factors, underlying mechanisms, and prevention and treatment efforts, while highlighting critical gaps in knowledge.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The CVD burden is high among most African migrant populations. Underlying mechanisms for the high CVD burden include various pre- and post-migration factors, genetics, and epigenetics. Studies increasingly show substantial variation in CVD burden among African migrants across factors such as country of origin, host country, reason for migration, duration of stay, sex, and age. This variation is also observed among CVD risk factors and requires tailored prevention and treatment efforts. To fill critical gaps in knowledge, future studies need to recruit among diverse African migrant populations, in various high-income countries, using standardized methodologies with a focus on longitudinal designs, and integrating lifestyle, sociocultural, environmental, and genetic factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12122611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers Differentiating Plaque Erosion from Stable Plaque.","authors":"Teruo Sekimoto, Tatsuya Shiraki, Rika Kawakami, Atsushi Sakamoto, Takamasa Tanaka, Tomoyo Hamana, Aloke V Finn, Renu Virmani","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01303-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-025-01303-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Plaque erosion is the second most frequent cause of acute coronary syndrome, yet the biological processes and biomarkers associated with erosion remain incompletely understood. This review aims to examine the current understanding of plaque erosion, with a focus on identifying potential biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent studies have identified distinct pathophysiological characteristics associated with plaque erosion, including variations in inflammatory response and immune cell infiltration within the culprit lesions and thrombi. Additionally, differences in the expression patterns of specific molecules have been noted, suggesting unique underlying mechanisms that contribute to plaque erosion. Understanding the differential expression and role of immune cells and biomarkers in erosion may be crucial for developing targeted therapies. The identification of biomarkers may help in the early detection and treatment of erosion-prone plaques, potentially reducing the incidence of acute coronary events.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myeloid Cells in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.","authors":"Wen-Tao Yang, Fang-Da Li, Yue-Hong Zheng, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01302-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-025-01302-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening vascular disorder with high mortality upon rupture, yet effective pharmacotherapy remains lacking. This review synthesizes the pivotal roles of myeloid cells-key mediators of aortic inflammation and remodeling-in AAA pathogenesis, highlighting their therapeutic targeting potential.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Single-cell RNA sequencing has revealed myeloid diversity in AAA. Among these myeloid populations, macrophages (including interferon-responsive monocytes, pro- and anti-inflammatory subsets, and reparative populations) emerge as central regulators of AAA pathogenesis, influencing disease initiation, progression, and tissue repair processes. Neutrophils promote vascular injury via neutrophil extracellular traps, while dendritic cells bridge innate-adaptive immunity. Eosinophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells exhibited protective effects by immunoregulation. Mechanistic studies identified transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic regulators of myeloid plasticity. Clonal hematopoiesis and trained immunity may serve as potential novel mechanisms of myeloid cells involved in AAA. These mechanistic insights have inspired therapeutic innovation, with nanoparticle-targeted myeloid cell therapies showing promising immunomodulatory effects in mitigating AAA progression. Myeloid cells play a pivotal role in AAA pathogenesis by driving inflammatory responses, extracellular matrix degradation, and maladaptive vascular remodeling. Their functional heterogeneity, encompassing both destructive and protective subsets, highlights the need for precisely targeted therapeutic approaches. While single-cell technologies have significantly advanced our understanding of myeloid diversity, clinical translation remains challenged by microenvironmental crosstalk and potential off-target effects. Future research should prioritize: (1) spatial multi-omics characterization of myeloid-vascular interactions, (2) development of precision therapies targeting clonal hematopoiesis-driven subpopulations, and (3) combinatorial strategies to reprogram pathogenic myeloid phenotypes. Addressing these critical gaps may lead to transformative therapies for aneurysm stabilization, ultimately fulfilling the urgent unmet needs in AAA clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arteries and Hearts in Motion: Sex Differences in Exercise-Mediated Protection Against Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk.","authors":"Zachary S Clayton, Mackenzie N Kehmeier, Ryan Rosenberry, Emily A Larson, Amélie Debray, Susan Cheng, Kerrie L Moreau","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01300-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-025-01300-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review summarizes the current knowledge on the benefits of various exercise training modalities on subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors (i.e., endothelial dysfunction, large artery stiffening, carotid artery intima-media thickening) across the adult lifespan and the moderating role of biological sex, with the goal of informing/being to inform research gaps and future research directions.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Regular exercise is an effective intervention to counter subclinical risk factors for ASCVD. However, sex-specific variation has been observed in exercise training benefits. For example, aerobic exercise improves large artery stiffening in both middle-aged/older men and women and enhances endothelial function in middle-aged/older men; however, similar exercise-mediated improvements in endothelial function are not consistently observed in postmenopausal women Sex differences in exercise benefits may be related to differences in the sex hormone environment across the adult lifespan that influence cellular-molecular mechanisms, disconnecting favorable signaling in the vasculature induced by exercise training. Moreover, differences could be explained by social and/or psychological factors that make women more susceptible, on average, to barriers to exercise training compared to age-matched men.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Genetic Lipodystrophy Syndromes and its Implications for Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Josivan Gomes Lima, Izabely Galvao Menezes Dantas, Lucas Nobrega Lima","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01301-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-025-01301-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This paper explores the diagnostic and management challenges associated with genetic lipodystrophy syndromes (LDs) and their implications for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular health.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Genetic LDs, such as familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) and congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), are characterized by abnormal fat distribution and significant metabolic complications. FPLD patients are often misdiagnosed as having type 2 diabetes; CGL patients may die early from noncardiovascular causes, giving the impression that cardiovascular disease is not frequent. Actually, these syndromes are associated with increased cardiovascular risks and early-onset atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular disease is common in LD patients; a high level of suspicion is essential for early diagnosis and effective management of genetic LDs to mitigate associated cardiovascular risks. Continued research into innovative therapies and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms are crucial for improving patient outcomes and alleviating the healthcare burden of these syndromes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statin Use in Special Populations for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults.","authors":"Maya S Safarova, Spencer Weintraub, Katherine Sadaniantz, Lara Kovell, Bruce A Warden, Michael S Garshick, P Barton Duell, Eugenia Gianos","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01298-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-025-01298-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Outcome benefits for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) use in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are well established and yet, statins remain underutilized with only half of eligible individuals receiving them among certain vulnerable populations. This review critically examines available data to provide a summary of the current evidence for statin use in select populations.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Lipid management can be more complex in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), organ transplants, metabolic dysfunction associated with steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Statins are generally safe and effective to reduce the burden of ASCVD among these highly heterogeneous groups of patients and should be considered with careful attention to their concomitant disease state. Herein, we focus on appropriate statin use in these challenging to treat conditions, their relationship with increased ASCVD risk, and approaches to statin use for ASCVD risk reduction. Although further research is needed to define optimal therapy in select high risk groups for ASCVD prevention, statins are proven to be clinically efficacious, safe, and cost-effective for ASCVD prevention, warranting greater efforts to increase their use.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}