Current Atherosclerosis Reports最新文献

{"title":"Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease EVENTs (PREVENT) Equations: What Clinicians Need to Know?","authors":"Ali Bin Abdul Jabbar, Maha Inam, Nausharwan Butt, Sadiya S Khan, Sana Sheikh, Adeel Khoja, Benjamin Perry, Gerardo Zavala Gomez, Leandro Slipczuk, Salim S Virani","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01320-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-025-01320-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to examine the rationale, development, and implications of the newly developed Predicting Risk of CVD EVENTs (PREVENT) equations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The PREVENT equations were developed from diverse, contemporary, real-world datasets and offer accurate discrimination for predicting risk of total CVD and separately, atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) and heart failure (HF). It addresses the nearly twofold overprediction of ASCVD risk with PCEs and includes risk factors related to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome (body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate, with the option to include albumin-creatinine ratio and haemoglobin A1C). Unlike PCEs, PREVENT did not include race as a predictor. PREVENT provides an option to add Social Deprivation Index (SDI) as variable in risk prediction which allows incorporation of social determinants of health. Studies indicate that PREVENT estimates for 10-year ASCVD risk are significantly lower than those obtained using PCEs. PREVENT also has potential to assess HF risk and guide potential therapies in the future for the prevention of HF. The PREVENT equations represent a crucial step forward in personalized CVD risk assessment, addressing limitations of PCEs by incorporating a broader range of CKM risk factors and accounting for social determinants of health. While promising for guiding future preventive strategies and public health initiatives, endorsement by guidelines and effective implementation into clinical workflows will be essential to realize its full potential in reducing the burden of CVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ApoC-III as Therapeutic Target: Is it Primetime for Clinical Use?","authors":"Marta Biolo, Federica Galimberti, Camilla Portinari, Sandra Bertocco, Paola Tosin, Manuela Casula, Lorenzo Previato, Sabina Zambon, Paolo Simioni, Alberto Zambon","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01315-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-025-01315-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) plays a pivotal role in triglyceride (TG) metabolism by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase and hepatic clearance of TG-rich lipoproteins, contributing to hypertriglyceridaemia and elevated cardiovascular risk, as well as a high risk of acute pancreatitis. This review aims to summarize current evidence on ApoC-III inhibition strategies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Current treatments targeting Apo C-III include two antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) (volanesorsen and olezarsen), and a small interfering RNA (siRNA) (plozasiran). Volanesorsen, a second-generation ASO, has shown effectiveness in reducing TG and preventing acute pancreatitis, especially in patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS). However, its use is limited by the risk of thrombocytopenia, likely related to its chemical structure rather than ApoC-III inhibition itself. Olezarsen, a third-generation ASO with GalNAc conjugation for targeted liver delivery, offers an improved safety profile and strong efficacy in lowering TG and atherogenic lipoproteins levels, making it a promising candidate for a broader clinical use. Plozasiran, a GalNAc-conjugated siRNA, has shown robust and sustained TG reductions with a favorable safety profile, and early data suggest it may also reduce acute pancreatitis risk. ApoC-III inhibition represents an innovative and effective approach in managing hypertriglyceridaemia and its complications. Further outcome-driven trials are essential to define its role in cardiovascular risk reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidental Finding of Coronary and Non-Coronary Artery Calcium: What Do Clinicians Need To Know?","authors":"Christian Haudenschild, Shyon Parsa, Fatima Rodriguez","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01318-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-025-01318-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review summarizes the role of incidentally and non-incidentally discovered coronary artery calcification (CAC) and the evolving role of non-coronary artery calcification in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk assessment. Additionally, this review explores the emerging use of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), radiomics, and natural language processing (NLP) for automated detection, quantification, and communication of these incidentally discovered findings.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>This review summarizes recent findings in the space, including the development of various AI/ML-based approaches for automated calcification quantification and detection. Recent work leverages the use of incidentally discovered CAC and non-coronary calcification (e.g. aortic valve, aortic arch, carotid artery, breast arterial calcification) and their influence on clinical decision-making and prescribing practices. CAC and various forms of non-coronary artery calcifications are increasingly recognized as powerful and additive predictors of ASCVD risk. Advances in AI, ML, and radiomics enable scalable, automated measurement of both incidental and non-incidental CAC and non-coronary calcifications, which will facilitate more precise, personalized ASCVD risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144616614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Point-of-Care Echocardiography: Bringing Precision Imaging to the Bedside.","authors":"Sasha-Ann East, Yanting Wang, Naveena Yanamala, Kameswari Maganti, Partho P Sengupta","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01316-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-025-01316-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is transforming cardiovascular diagnostics by enhancing image acquisition, interpretation, and workflow efficiency. These advancements hold promise in expanding access to cardiovascular imaging in resource-limited settings and enabling early disease detection through screening applications. This review explores the opportunities and challenges of AI-enabled POCUS as it reshapes the landscape of cardiovascular imaging.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>AI-enabled systems can reduce operator dependency, improve image quality, and support clinicians-both novice and experienced-in capturing diagnostically valuable images, ultimately promoting consistency across diverse clinical environments. However, widespread adoption faces significant challenges, including concerns around algorithm generalizability, bias, explainability, clinician trust, and data privacy. Addressing these issues through standardized development, ethical oversight, and clinician-AI collaboration will be critical to safe and effective implementation. Looking ahead, emerging innovations-such as autonomous scanning, real-time predictive analytics, tele-ultrasound, and patient-performed imaging-underscore the transformative potential of AI-enabled POCUS in reshaping cardiovascular care and advancing equitable healthcare delivery worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Lysyl Oxidase in the Pathological Stage of Atherosclerosis: Structural Stabilizer or Disease Driver?","authors":"Jiaming Zhang, Mengkai Lu, Xiuya Guan, Jiaqi Hao, Yunlun Li, Lei Zhang, Chao Li","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01312-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-025-01312-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Atherosclerosis (AS) is a progressive disease characterized by initial lipid deposition, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, fibrocalcific lesions formation, and ultimately, plaque instability intensified and rupture-one of the major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. The enzymes lysyl oxidase (LOX) and its LOX-like (LOXL) isoforms are copper-dependent amine oxidases that catalyze lysine-derived cross-linking in collagen and elastin, playing indispensable roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. This review aims to summarize current insights into the roles of LOX/LOXL in AS pathogenesis and their potential as therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent studies have revealed that the LOX family exerts dual effects on the progression of AS, such as early endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switching, and fibrous cap stability. Dysregulated LOX expression, induced by low-density lipoprotein (LDL), low shear stress, and hormonal regulation, can worsen endothelial damage, while LOX activity may also have anti-atherogenic effects: it promotes the formation of stable fibrous cap. The LOX family contributes to both the progression and stabilization of atherosclerotic lesions through complex and stage-specific mechanisms. Understanding these multifaceted roles opens new avenues for developing LOX-targeted therapies aimed at improving plaque stability and reducing AS-related cardiovascular events.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Biomarkers Differentiating Plaque Erosion from Stable Plaque.","authors":"Teruo Sekimoto, Tatsuya Shiraki, Rika Kawakami, Atsushi Sakamoto, Takamasa Tanaka, Tomoyo Hamana, Aloke V Finn, Renu Virmani","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01314-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-025-01314-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Studies Presented at the 2025 American College of Cardiology Conference.","authors":"Vashma Junaid, Colin Hinkamp, Arsalan Hamid, Ali Bin Abdul Jabbar, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas, Maha Inam, Adeel Khoja, Sana Sheikh, Chayakrit Krittanawong, Elizabeth M Vaughan, Leandro Slipczuk, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Dinesh K Kalra, Salim S Virani","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01313-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-025-01313-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Perspectives on Coronary Artery Disease: The Emerging Role of miRNAs.","authors":"Reda M Mansour, Mohamed Hemdan, Hebatallah Ahmed Mohamed Moustafa, Sherif S Abdel Mageed, Nehal I Rizk, Mohamed A Ali, Mohamed M Ashour, Alaa Ashraf, Youssef A Doghish, Osama A Mohammed, Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim, Ahmed S Doghish","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01309-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-025-01309-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The purpose of this review is to provide an in-depth exploration of the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Specifically, the review focuses on how miRNAs influence endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell activity, and inflammatory responses, all of which contribute to the development and progression of CAD. Additionally, the review highlights the potential of circulating miRNAs as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers and discusses their therapeutic potential in managing CAD. However, challenges remain in translating miRNA research into clinical practice, particularly concerning delivery mechanisms, specificity, and off-target effects, which are critical to overcoming before widespread clinical application.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent research has identified over 50 miRNAs as critical regulators of vascular homeostasis and CAD progression, playing significant roles in atherosclerotic plaque development, endothelial cell senescence, and impaired vascular repair. Certain miRNAs have been found to influence inflammatory pathways within atherosclerotic plaques, contributing to plaque instability and rupture, which are key events in acute coronary syndromes (ACS), such as myocardial infarction (MI) and unstable angina (UA). Furthermore, circulating miRNAs have emerged as promising non-invasive biomarkers for early detection, risk assessment, and therapeutic targeting in CAD. This review underscores the importance of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of CAD, highlighting their roles in endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell behavior, and inflammatory responses. By modulating these processes, miRNAs contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis and the onset of ACS. The potential of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets offers new avenues for improving the management and outcomes of CAD. The review aims to lay the groundwork for future research and the development of miRNA-based therapies that could transform the landscape of CAD treatment, reshaping current therapeutic approaches and significantly improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Disproportionate Burden of Microvascular Disease in Women.","authors":"Meaghan O'Hara, Rukmini Roy, Marie Altenburg, Jeremy Slivnick, Hena Patel","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01310-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-025-01310-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12162733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"Joshua M Bock, Vinyas Shraffi Venkatesh, Virend K Somers","doi":"10.1007/s11883-025-01311-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11883-025-01311-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review outlines obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and highlights emerging data suggestive of sex differences.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Females with OSA have greater hypertension risk, higher carotid intima-media thickness, elevated cardiac enzymes, and worse outcomes following ischemic cardiovascular events relative to males with OSA. Mechanistically, this parallels sex differences in nocturnal hypoxemia, immune cell activity, inflammation, and endothelial function which frequently coincide with low estrogen levels. OSA-associated ASCVD risk appears more pronounced in females than males. This could be attributable to sex differences in the etiology of OSA and resultant activation of pathophysiological mechanisms. However, more data are required to differentiate causality from epiphenomena and develop individualized therapies to mitigate ASCVD in patients with OSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":10875,"journal":{"name":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12320249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}