Current protein & peptide science最新文献

{"title":"A Review on Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Rearrangements and Mutations: Implications for Gastric Carcinogenesis and Target Therapy.","authors":"Felipe Pantoja Mesquita, Luina Benevides Lima, Emerson Lucena da Silva, Pedro Filho Noronha Souza, Maria Elisabete Amaral de Moraes, Rommel Mario Rodrigues Burbano, Raquel Carvalho Montenegro","doi":"10.2174/0113892037291318240130103348","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037291318240130103348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric adenocarcinoma is a complex disease with diverse genetic modifications, including Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) gene changes. The ALK gene is located on chromosome 2p23 and encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a crucial role in embryonic development and cellular differentiation. ALK alterations can result from gene fusion, mutation, amplification, or overexpression in gastric adenocarcinoma. Fusion occurs when the ALK gene fuses with another gene, resulting in a chimeric protein with constitutive kinase activity and promoting oncogenesis. ALK mutations are less common but can also result in the activation of ALK signaling pathways. Targeted therapies for ALK variations in gastric adenocarcinoma have been developed, including ALK inhibitors that have shown promising results in pre-clinical studies. Future studies are needed to elucidate the ALK role in gastric cancer and to identify predictive biomarkers to improve patient selection for targeted therapy. Overall, ALK alterations are a relevant biomarker for gastric adenocarcinoma treatment and targeted therapies for ALK may improve patients' overall survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139995878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Insights of PD-1/PD-L1 Axis: An <i>In silico</i> Approach.","authors":"Shishir Rohit, Mehul Patel, Yogesh Jagtap, Umang Shah, Ashish Patel, Swayamprakash Patel, Nilay Solanki","doi":"10.2174/0113892037297012240408063250","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037297012240408063250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interaction of PD-1 protein (present on immune T-cell) with its ligand PD-L1 (over-expressed on cancerous cell) makes the cancerous cell survive and thrive. The association of PD-1/PD-L1 represents a classical protein-protein interaction (PPI), where receptor and ligand binding through a large flat surface. Blocking the PD-1/PDL-1 complex formation can restore the normal immune mechanism, thereby destroying cancerous cells. However, the PD-1/PDL1 interactions are only partially characterized.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aim to comprehend the time-dependent behavior of PD-1 upon its binding with PD-L1.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current work focuses on a molecular dynamics simulation (MDs) simulation study of <i>apo</i> and ligand bound PD-1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our simulation reveals the flexible nature of the PD-1, both in <i>apo</i> and bound form. Moreover, the current study also differentiates the type of strong and weak interactions which could be targeted to overcome the complex formation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current article could provide a valuable structural insight about the target protein (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) which could open new opportunities in developing small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) targeting either PD-1 or PD-L1.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Developments of Hybrid Fluorescence Techniques: Advances in Amyloid Detection Methods.","authors":"A Miraclin Prasanna, Priyankar Sen","doi":"10.2174/0113892037291597240429094515","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037291597240429094515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amyloid fibrils are formed from various pathological proteins. Monitoring their aggregation process is necessary for early detection and treatment. Among the available detection techniques, fluorescence is simple, intuitive, and convenient due to its sensitive and selective mode of detection. It has certain disadvantages like poor photothermal stability and detection state limitation. Research has focused on minimising the limitation by developing hybrid fluorescence techniques. This review focuses on the two ways fluorescence (intrinsic and extrinsic) has been used to monitor amyloid fibrils. In intrinsic/label free fluorescence: i) The fluorescence emission through aromatic amino acid residues like phenylalanine (F), tyrosine (Y) and tryptophan (W) is present in amyloidogenic peptides/protein sequence. And ii) The structural changes from alpha helix to cross-β-sheet structures during amyloid formation contribute to the fluorescence emission. The second method focuses on the use of extrinsic fluorophores to monitor amyloid fibrils i) organic dyes/small molecules, ii) fluorescent tagged proteins, iii) nanoparticles, iv) metal complexes and v) conjugated polymers. All these fluorophores have their own limitations. Developing them into hybrid fluorescence techniques and converting it into biosensors can contribute to early detection of disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CBX8 Promotes Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition, Migration, and Invasion of Lung Cancer through Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Xiaoping Cai, Yuankai Lv, Jiongwei Pan, Zhuo Cao, Junzhi Zhang, Yuling Li, Hao Zheng","doi":"10.2174/0113892037273375231204080906","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037273375231204080906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung cancer (LC) is primarily responsible for cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal features and is associated with the development of tumors. CBX8, a member of the PcG protein family, plays a critical role in various cancers, containing LC. However, specific regulatory mechanisms of CBX8 in LC progression are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of CBX8 in LC progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bioinformatics was used to analyze the relationship between CBX8 level and tumor and the enrichment pathway of CBX8 enrichment. qRT-PCR was used to detect the differential expression of CBX8 in LC cells and normal lung epithelial cells. The effects of knockdown or overexpression of CBX8 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of LC cells were evaluated by CCK- -8 assay and Transwell assay, and the levels of proteins associated with the EMT pathway and Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway were detected by western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bioinformatics analysis revealed that CBX8 was highly expressed in LC and enriched on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The expression level of CBX8 was significantly elevated in LC cells. Knockdown of CBX8 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and decreased the expression levels of EMT-related proteins and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins. Conversely, overexpression of CBX8 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and increased the expression levels of EMT-related proteins and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins. The Wnt inhibitor IWP-4 alleviated the effects produced by overexpression of CBX8.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, these data demonstrated that CBX8 induced EMT through Wnt/β-- catenin signaling, driving migration and invasion of LC cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Antibacterial Activity of a Novel Acid-Activated Antimicrobial Peptide against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>.","authors":"Haixing Lin, Runhong Zhou, Minna Zhang, Ruifeng Huang, Cuiqiong Fan, Shaofen Zhou, Jingnan Qiu, Jian He","doi":"10.2174/1389203724666230818111515","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1389203724666230818111515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental caries is an oral disease associated with infection by microbial biofilm. The metabolic activity of cariogenic bacteria results in a pH decrease in the plaque biofilm, causing tooth demineralization. This acidic environment favors the growth of cariogenic bacteria that are highly resistant to strong acids, which, in turn, produce more acid resulting in a further decrease in the pH of the plaque biofilm. Therefore, the strategy of utilizing the acidic dental plaque microenvironment to prevent and treat dental caries has become a hot research topic in recent years, such as the development of pH-sensitive drug delivery systems.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Design of a new acid-activated antibacterial peptide.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To design and synthesis an acid targeted antimicrobial peptide with the GWHHFFHFFHFF sequence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) testing confirmed its antibacterial activity. Propidium iodide (PI) staining was used to detect nucleic acid leakage. Determination of anti-biofilm activity by biofilm inhibition assay. A phototoxicity study confirmed the phototoxicity of PPIX-P12.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MIC and MBC testing confirmed that P12 possessed acid-activated anti-<i>Streptococcus mutans</i> activity. Bactericidal kinetic experiments and propidium iodide (PI) staining experiments showed that P12 killed planktonic <i>S. mutans</i> UA159 cells leading to the leakage of nucleic acids in the acidic medium. Moreover, P12 showed acid-activated anti-biofilms at the early and mature biofilm stages. P12 was conjugated with the phototherapeutic agent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) to construct the protoporphyrin derivative PpIX-P12. <i>In vitro</i> experiments revealed that PpIX-P12 displayed better antibacterial activity in pH 5.5 medium than in pH 7.2 medium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, we designed an acid-activated AMP, which had no antimicrobial activity at neutral pH, but had antimicrobial activity at an acidic pH.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10019205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms Involved in the Therapeutic Effect of Cannabinoid Compounds on Gliomas: A Review with Experimental Approach.","authors":"Hugo Fernandes Oliveira Pires, Pablo Rayff da Silva, Arthur Lins Dias, Cleyton de Sousa Gomes, Natália Ferreira de Sousa, Aline Matilde Ferreira Dos Santos, Lívia Roberta Pimenta Souza, Jaislânia Lucena de Figueiredo Lima, Mayara Cecile Nascimento Oliveira, Cícero Francisco Bezerra Felipe, Reinaldo Nóbrega de Almeida, Ricardo Dias de Castro, Mirian Graciela da Silva Stiebbe Salvadori, Marcus Tullius Scotti, Luciana Scotti","doi":"10.2174/1389203724666230830125423","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1389203724666230830125423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Brain tumors have high morbidity and mortality rates, accounting for 1.4% of all cancers. Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. Currently, several therapeutic approaches are used; however, they are associated with side effects that affect patients'quality of life. Therefore, further studies are needed to develop novel therapeutic protocols with a more favorable side effect profile. In this context, cannabinoid compounds may serve as potential alternatives.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to review the key enzymatic targets involved in glioma pathophysiology and evaluate the potential interaction of these targets with four cannabinoid derivatives through molecular docking simulations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Molecular docking simulations were performed using four cannabinoid compounds and six molecular targets associated with glioma pathophysiology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Encouraging interactions between the selected enzymes and glioma-related targets were observed, suggesting their potential activity through these pathways. In particular, cannabigerol showed promising interactions with epidermal growth factor receptors and phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase, while Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol showed remarkable interactions with telomerase reverse transcriptase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The evaluated compounds exhibited favorable interactions with the analyzed enzymatic targets, thus representing potential candidates for further <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10112575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CTXP, The Major Cobra Toxin Peptide from <i>Naja Naja Oxiana</i> Venom; A Promising Target for Antivenom Agent Development.","authors":"Mohammad Hosseininejad Chafi, Mohsen Eslamnezhad-Namin, Mansoureh Shahbazi Dastjerdeh, Mohammad Reza Zareinejad, Akbar Oghalaie, Kamran Pooshang Bagheri, Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht, Gholamreza Karimi, Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh, Sima Sadat Seyedjavadi, Mahdi Behdani","doi":"10.2174/0113892037277589231128103032","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037277589231128103032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Snakebite envenoming is a serious public health issue causing more than 135,000 annual deaths worldwide. <i>Naja Naja Oxiana</i> is one of the most clinically important venomous snakes in Iran and Central Asia. Conventional animal-derived polyclonal antibodies are the major treatment of snakebite envenoming. Characterization of venom components helps to pinpoint the toxic protein responsible for clinical manifestations in victims, which aids us in developing efficient antivenoms with minimal side effects. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the major lethal protein of <i>Naja Naja Oxiana</i> by top-down proteomics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Venom proteomic profiling was performed using gel filtration (GF), reversed-phase (RP) chromatography, and intact mass spectrometry. The toxicity of GF-, and RP-eluted fractions was analyzed in BALB/c mice. The rabbit polyclonal antisera were produced against crude venom, GF fraction V (FV), and RP peak 1 (CTXP) and applied in neutralization assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Toxicity studies in BALB/c identified FV as the major toxic fraction of venom. Subsequently, RP separation of FV resulted in eight peaks, of which peak 1, referred to as \"CTXP\" (cobra toxin peptide), was identified as the major lethal protein. In vivo neutralization assays using rabbit antisera showed that polyclonal antibodies raised against FV and CTXP are capable of neutralizing at least 2-LD50s of crude venom, FV, and CTXP in all tested mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surprisingly, the Anti-CTXP antibody could neutralize 8-LD50 of the CTXP peptide. These results identified CTXP (a 7 kDa peptide) as a potential target for the development of novel efficient antivenom agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139563985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase Separation of Chromatin Structure-related Biomolecules: A Driving Force for Epigenetic Regulations.","authors":"Jiao Wang, Yuchen Chen, Zixuan Xiao, Xikai Liu, Chengyu Liu, Kun Huang, Hong Chen","doi":"10.2174/0113892037296216240301074253","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037296216240301074253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracellularly, membrane-less organelles are formed by spontaneous fusion and fission of macro-molecules in a process called phase separation, which plays an essential role in cellular activities. In certain disease states, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, aberrant phase separations take place and participate in disease progression. Chromatin structure-related proteins, based on their characteristics and upon external stimuli, phase separate to exert functions like genome assembly, transcription regulation, and signal transduction. Moreover, many chromatin structure-related proteins, such as histones, histone-modifying enzymes, DNA-modifying enzymes, and DNA methylation binding proteins, are involved in epigenetic regulations through phase separation. This review introduces phase separation and how phase separation affects epigenetics with a focus on chromatin structure-related molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140317869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization, Expression and <i>In Situ</i> Hybridization Analysis of a Pedal Peptide/Orcokinin-type Neuropeptide in Cuttlefish <i>Sepiella japonica</i>.","authors":"Gong Li, Jiayin Qiu, Huimin Cao, Libing Zheng, Changfeng Chi, Shuang Li, Xu Zhou","doi":"10.2174/0113892037255378231101065721","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037255378231101065721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuropeptide pedal peptide (PP) and orcokinin (OK), which are structurally related active peptides, have been widely discovered in invertebrates and constitute the PP/OK neuropeptide family. They have complex structures and play myriad roles in physiological processes. To date, there have been no related reports of PP/OK-type neuropeptide in cephalopods, which possess a highly differentiated multi-lobular brain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) was employed to obtain the open reading frame (ORF) of PP/OK-type neuropeptide in <i>Sepiella japonica</i> (termed as <i>Sj-PP/OK</i>). Various software were used for sequence analysis. Semi-quantitative PCR was applied to analyze the tissue distribution profile, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to study spatio-temporal expression throughout the entire growth and development period, and in situ hybridization (ISH) was employed to observe the tissue location of <i>Sj-PP/OK</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>in the present study, we identified the ORF of <i>Sj-PP/OK</i>. The putative precursor of Sj-PP/ OK encodes 22 mature peptides, of which only tridecapeptides could undergo post-translationally amidated at C-terminus. Each of these tridecapeptides possesses the most conserved and frequent N-terminus Asp-Ser-Ile (DSI). Sequence analysis revealed that <i>Sj-PP/OK</i> shared comparatively low identity with other invertebrates PP or OK. The tissue distribution profile showed differences in the expression level of <i>Sj-PP/OK</i> between male and female. qRT-PCR data demonstrated that <i>Sj-PP/OK</i> was widely distributed in various tissues, with its expression level increasing continuously in the brain, optic lobe, liver, and nidamental gland throughout the entire growth and development stages until gonad maturation. ISH detected that <i>Sj-PP/OK</i> positive signals existed in almost all regions of the optic lobe except the plexiform zone, the outer edge of all functional lobes in the brain, epithelial cells and the outer membrane layer of the accessory nidamental gland. These findings suggest that <i>Sj-PP/OK</i> might play a role in the regulation of reproduction, such as vitellogenin synthesis, restoration, and ova encapsulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study indicated that <i>Sj-PP/OK</i> may be involved in the neuroendocrine regulation in cephalopods, providing primary theoretical basis for further studies of its regulation role in reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139511215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emicizumab as a Promising Form of Therapy for Type A Hemophilia - A Review of Current Knowledge from Clinical Trials.","authors":"Katarzyna Grabowska, Michalina Grzelak, Lin-Yong Zhao, Elżbieta Płuciennik, Zbigniew Pasieka, Mateusz Kciuk, Adrianna Gielecińska, Aleksander K Smakosz, Żaneta Kałuzińska-Kołat, Damian Kołat","doi":"10.2174/0113892037294674240509094418","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037294674240509094418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemophilia is a plasma bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency of certain blood clotting factors. The most common forms of this disease, i.e., type A and type B, affect approximately 400,000 people worldwide. Without appropriate treatment ensuring the proper coagulation cascade, this disease may lead to serious disability. Minimizing patient discomfort is possible via replacement therapy, consisting of the substitution of a missing coagulation factor <i>via</i> intravenous administration. Frequent medication and the risk related to factor inhibitors are significant disadvantages, necessitating the improvement of current therapies or the development of novel ones. This review examines the humanized bispecific antibody Emicizumab which ensures hemostasis by mimicking the action of the coagulation factor VIII, a deficiency of which causes type A hemophilia. The paper outlines the topic and then summarizes available clinical trials on Emicizumab in type A hemophilia. Several interventional clinical trials have found Emicizumab to be effective in decreasing bleeding episodes and raising patient satisfaction among various hemophilia A populations. Current Emicizumab-related trials are forecast to be completed between 2024 and 2030, and in addition to congenital hemophilia A, the trials cover acquired hemophilia A and patients playing sports. Providing a more comprehensive understanding of Emicizumab may revolutionize the management of hemophilia type A and improve quality of life. Conclusively, Emicizumab is a gentler therapy owing to subcutaneous delivery and fewer injections, which reduces injection-site reactions and makes therapy less burdensome, ultimately decreasing hospital visits and indirect costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}