Current protein & peptide science最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Mitochondrial Ion Channels in the Evolution of Anticancer Drug Resistance.","authors":"Swaroop Kumar Pandey, Ayush Kulshreshtha, Anuja Mishra","doi":"10.2174/0113892037410334251021155546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037410334251021155546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apoptosis, drug resistance, and cellular metabolism are all crucially regulated by mitochondria, especially through ion channels and translocases embedded in their membranes. The outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) contains the voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC), which acts with proteins such as hexokinase II and BAX to regulate apoptosis and metabolic reprogramming in cancer while facilitating the flow of important metabolites and ions. Anti apoptotic proteins like Bcl2 and Mcl1 closely regulate the mitochondrial apoptosis induced channel (MAC), which is created by pro-apoptotic Bcl2 family members BAX and BAK and controls cytochrome c release when overexpressed, leading to drug resistance. Furthermore, the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex, which regulates mitochondrial protein import, is frequently dysregulated in cancers. Numerous ion channels, such as potassium channels, the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (m-PTP), are found within the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and regulate important functions like ATP synthesis, the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptotic signaling. Cancer cells can avoid apoptosis, adapt to environmental stress, and become resistant to treatments like doxorubicin and cisplatin when these channels are dysregulated. Metabolic flexibility and antioxidant defense are improved by overexpressing or functionally modifying IMM potassium channels and calcium transporters. Additionally, drug resistance is facilitated by increased mitophagy and anti-apoptotic proteins that inhibit m-PTP opening. This review discusses the functions of mitochondrial ion channels.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146050814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Protein Essentials: From Source to Production.","authors":"Bhawna Sharma, Iti Chauhan, Rohit Pandey, Gaurav Pratap Singh, Alok Pratap Singh","doi":"10.2174/0113892037416124251202091550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037416124251202091550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-based proteins are receiving increasing attention as sustainable and healthconscious alternatives to animal-derived proteins, addressing both environmental concerns and growing consumer demand. This review explores key plant protein sources-including cereals, legumes, pseudocereals, nuts, and seeds-which often provide protein content comparable to or greater than that of milk and meat. The review highlights various production techniques such as extrusion processing for meat-like textures and traditional fermentation methods. Plant molecular farming, using microalgae, plant cells, and whole plants, has emerged as a promising strategy for recombinant protein production. Extraction methods-mechanical, solvent-based, and enzyme-assisted-are also discussed, along with recent innovations like ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction. By examining the nutritional quality, processing methods, and potential applications of plant proteins, this review underscores their significance in achieving global food security and promoting sustainable dietary practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Signaling and Biased Agonism of the CHEMR23 Receptor: Implications for Inflammation Resolution and Bone Remodeling.","authors":"Olga A Neprelyuk, Inessa G Romanenko, Oksana L Irza, Maxim A Kriventsov, Sergei Ya Neprelyuk","doi":"10.2174/0113892037430991251201141701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037430991251201141701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chemerin chemokine-like receptor 1 (CHEMR23), a member of the G proteincoupled receptor (GPCR) family, has emerged as a key regulator of immune homeostasis and skeletal remodeling. Notably, CHEMR23 exhibits ligand-specific biased agonism, enabling divergent intracellular signaling pathways depending on the ligand involved. Pro-inflammatory ligands such as chemerin predominantly activate Gi/o protein-dependent cascades, promoting cytokine release, osteoclastogenesis, and tissue degradation. In contrast, the binding of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), such as resolvins, preferentially triggers β-arrestin-mediated signaling. This pathway suppresses NF-κB activation, promotes macrophage polarization toward a proresolving phenotype, and facilitates the resolution of inflammation. This signaling bifurcation is particularly relevant in chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by progressive bone loss, including periodontitis. Expression of CHEMR23 is dynamically modulated by inflammatory stimuli, metabolic stress, and genetic polymorphisms, underscoring its potential as a target for resolution- directed therapies. Emerging therapeutic strategies, ranging from lipid-derived SPMs to monoclonal antibodies, are under investigation for their ability to modulate CHEMR23 activity in a ligand- and context-specific manner. This review provides an integrated overview of molecular, cellular, and translational data on CHEMR23, emphasizing its dual functional roles and therapeutic potential in inflammation-associated pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MmpS5-MmpL5 Transporters Deliver <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Resistance to Bedaquiline (BDQ) and Delamanid (DLM).","authors":"Khaoula Balgouthi, Emel Eker, Manaf AlMatar","doi":"10.2174/0113892037383330250807101618","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037383330250807101618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>One of the earliest illnesses that has been identified is tuberculosis (TB). The largest challenge in managing tuberculosis today is the growing number of individuals infected with TB bacilli, particularly those that are Extensively drug resistant-tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). However, by figuring out the resistance's molecular mechanism, Advanced molecular methods may be used to rapidly determine therapy plans. Combining Delamanid (DLM) with Bedaquiline (BDQ), one of the recently authorized medications, indicates that the therapy is effective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We aim to investigate efflux-mediated resistance mechanisms in M. Tuberculosis by using quantitative real-time PCR to assess the expression level of <i>mmpS5</i> and <i>mmpL5</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median (M) and interquartile range (Iqr) of <i>mmpL5</i> and <i>mmpS5</i> expression varied from 5.65 to 9.01 and 7.95 to 10.74, respectively, when resistant strains were compared with sensitive ones. M and Iqr of <i>mmpL5</i> and <i>mmpS5</i> expression, however, ranged from 0.08-3.04 and 0.05- 1.61 for sensitive strains, correspondingly.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings have implications for the development of fast genotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST). Quantitative real-time PCR to measure the expression level of mmpS5 and mmpL5 of baseline and post-baseline isolates is important to track the development of BDQ and DLM resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, when developing anti-tuberculosis drugs, mycobacterial MmpS5-MmpL5 transporters should be taken into consideration early on, as they are an MDR-efflux system.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":"182-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Proteins and Peptides: A Promising Clinical Breakthrough and Patent Landscape.","authors":"Sakshi Patel, Sanjay Sharma, Abhishek Kanugo","doi":"10.2174/0113892037408456251126055021","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037408456251126055021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR, when microbes stop responding to medicines) is a growing worldwide concern calling for novel alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Because of their wide range of efficacy, ability to support the body's natural defenses, and possible use in the treatment of cancer and inflammation-related illnesses, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs, short chains of amino acids that kill harmful microbes) and proteins stand out among these substitutes. In contrast to standard antibiotics, AMPs act against several cellular targets, making it harder for microbes to become drug-resistant. Despite challenges such as stability, scalability of production, and regulatory constraints, this review discusses recent progress in advancing the clinical utility of AMPs through synergistic approaches with approved drugs and sophisticated delivery systems. It highlights the strategic integration of biotechnological advancements with established AMP therapy, potentially providing efficient and cost-effective treatment options for infections that no longer respond to standard antibiotics. These trends position AMPs as next-generation therapeutics to address global health challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":"374-393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147940540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoconstituents as Potential Therapeutics against Enzymatic Targets for Neurodegenerative Diseases.","authors":"Harshita Singh, Veda Prakash Pandey","doi":"10.2174/0113892037350938250514110643","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037350938250514110643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases are brought on by the loss of function of nerve cells in the brain or peripheral nervous system and afflict millions of people worldwide. Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are the two most common neurodegenerative diseases. These neurodegenerative diseases are multi-factorial, progressive, age-related, and influenced by two factors: genetic and environmental. Successful treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is yet a challenging task due to lack of selectivity, toxicity, and the growth of multi-drug-resistant cells to the currently available drugs. Plant-derived, natural secondary metabolites have a significant impact on the research and development of novel medications against neurodegenerative disease. Plant-derived natural products are frequently regarded as safe and relatively safer substitutes for synthetic drugs. The present review deals with the elucidation of plant-derived secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, as anti-neurological therapeutics with special reference to various enzymatic targets, such as β-secretase, γ-secretase, α-Secretase, acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase, and phosphodiesterase-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":"46-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine-Derived Quinolinone CHNQD-00603 Triggers Autophagy via Suppressing the AKT/ERK/mTOR Pathway to Reverse Senescence and Restore Osteogenic Potential in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells.","authors":"Shengqian Li, Baoying Peng, Xiaoxia Yang, Wenhao Ren, Shaoming Li, Kai Sun, Keqian Zhi, Ling Gao, Jingjing Zheng","doi":"10.2174/0113892037439351260306075729","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037439351260306075729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cellular senescence of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) acts as a primary driver of age-related bone loss. This study aimed to investigate the anti-senescence potential of CHNQD-00603, a marine-derived quinolone derivative, and its underlying molecular mechanism in BMSCs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BMSCs isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to senesce using D-galactose and treated with CHNQD-00603. The study employed SA-β-gal staining, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate cellular senescence, osteogenic differentiation, and autophagic flux. Key signaling pathways were analyzed through the phosphorylation status of AKT, ERK, and mTOR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CHNQD-00603 significantly reduced the proportion of SA-β-gal-positive cells (P < 0.001) and downregulated senescence markers p16 (P< 0.05) and p21 (P < 0.001). Concurrently, it restored osteogenic potential, increasing the expression of RUNX2 (P < 0.001), ALP (P < 0.01), OPN (P < 0.001), and OCN (P < 0.001). Mechanistically, CHNQD-00603 activated autophagy by inhibiting the AKT/ERK/mTOR pathway, as manifested by an increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, decreased p62 levels, and autophagosome accumulation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight CHNQD-00603 as a dual regulator that suppresses senescence while promoting osteogenesis. Although the study is limited by a lack of in vivo validation, it effectively positions this marine-derived compound as a specific modulator of autophagy-dependent signaling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CHNQD-00603 mitigates BMSC senescence and restores osteogenic capacity by activating AKT/ERK/mTOR-mediated autophagy, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of age-related skeletal disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":"456-467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147618537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition and Metabolism in Musculoskeletal Diseases.","authors":"Ling-Feng Zeng","doi":"10.2174/0113892037526036260710104557","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037526036260710104557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":"413-415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insects on the Plate: Nutritional Benefits, Health Impacts, and Market Dynamics.","authors":"Ravi Kumar Mittal, Gaurav Krishna, Sohini Chowdhury, Sorabh Lakhanpal, Muhammed Shabil, Rajeev Sharma, Sahil Suri","doi":"10.2174/0113892037382429250624123540","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037382429250624123540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Edible insects are gaining popularity as a sustainable source of proteins, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive compounds. Insects are nutritious, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Modern processing methods, including roasting, drying, fermentation, and hydrolysis, improve the taste, safety, and digestibility of foods derived from insects. This comprehensive review integrates nutritional, bioactive, and technical aspects to explain edible insects as a future food.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines edible insects as a healthy, sustainable alternative to plant-based diets. It examines their nutritional profile, health advantages, and widespread diet acceptability potential and limitations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review paper covered the nutritional composition of edible insects, including minerals, fibre, fats, and amino acids. It also evaluated the health benefits of edible insects and chronic disease prevention. Finally, it explored consumer safety and acceptance of edible insects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Insects provide proteins, amino acids, vitamin B12, iron, zinc, and calcium. They promote health and reduce cardiovascular disease and cancer risk. Edible insects benefit musclebuilders and older adults since they are excellent sources of protein and amino acids. Their safety, nutritional efficacy, and defined regulatory frameworks were also reported to improve consumer trust and industry development.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Edible insects provide high-quality, sustainable protein. This review highlights their high levels of protein, essential amino acids, and bioactive peptides for metabolic health and disease management. Polyphenols, chitin, and antimicrobial peptides are antioxidants, antihypertensives, and immunomodulators. Enzymatic hydrolysis and microencapsulation enhance nutritional bioavailability, safety, and flavor. Edible insects use less area and release fewer pollutants than animals, making them better for the environment. Legal, technological, and awareness initiatives can promote entomophagy worldwide.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consuming insects provides nourishment and leads to good health. They better meet nutritional needs than animal and plant-based diets and supplement protein consumption. Large-scale deployment requires safety and nutritional studies, transparent regulations, and customer acceptance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":"131-149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatic Synthesis of β-lactam Antibiotics: From Enzyme Dataset Construction to Action Mechanism and Semi-Rational Design.","authors":"Liang Ma, Kaixuan Hu, Wentong Yu, Dongling Hu, Wenqin Luo, Yujie Cao, Shuang Wang, Mengyu Zhang, Li Liang, Gang He, Jianping Hu","doi":"10.2174/0113892037376289250825072957","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037376289250825072957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>β-lactam Antibiotics (BLA) are characterized by the presence of lactam rings, which are widely used and have a huge market scale. Currently, the production of BLA is primarily achieved through a chemical process, which introduces a large number of toxic compounds, resulting in relatively high environmental costs. As a part of green chemistry, the enzymatic production of BLA is gaining attention because it is non-toxic and pollution-free. This review focuses on industrial enzymes for BLA biosynthesis, which is critical for understanding the reaction process and addressing the deficiencies of low enzyme stability and activity. In this work, a focused dataset of industrial enzymes involved in BLA biosynthesis was constructed, and the structural characteristics of these enzymes were analyzed based on substrate specificity. Subsequently, eight representative enzyme molecules from the database were selected for detailed analyses, particularly focusing on substrate recognition and action mechanisms. Finally, some suggestions for the semi-rational design of enzymes are put forward given the defects existing in BLA biosynthesis. This review not only partially reveals the structure-function relationship of industrial enzyme molecules used in BLA enzymatic synthesis, but also contributes to the semi-rational design of subsequent enzymes, showing certain theoretical significance and application value.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":"339-361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}