Current protein & peptide science最新文献

{"title":"Solid-Phase Synthesized Imunofan Confers Clinically Relevant Protection using a Chimeric Protein Vaccine Candidate Against E. coli O157:H7 in BALB/c Mice.","authors":"Ali Mozaffari Mansourabad, Hossein Samiei-Abianeh, Yousof Tarverdizadeh, Seyed Mojtaba Aghaie, Abbas Hajizade","doi":"10.2174/0113892037405052250926104854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037405052250926104854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p> Introduction/Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Imunofan, a synthetic peptide adjuvant, compared to Freund's adjuvant. We hypothesized that imunofan would enhance protective immunity while avoiding the adverse effects associated with traditional adjuvants. </p><p> Methods: Imunofan (836 Da) was synthesized via SPPS, purified by RP-HPLC, and validated by LC-MS. A chimeric antigen (ESI) encoding EspA, StxB, and Intimin was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) using the pET28-ESI plasmid, induced with IPTG, and purified via Ni-NTA chromatography. BALB/c mice (n = 10/group) were immunized with: (1) ESI+Imunofan, (2) ESI+Freund's adjuvant, (3) ESI alone, or (4) Imunofan alone. IgG titers were measured by ELISA, and protection was assessed via bacterial shedding (log10 CFU/g feces) post-challenge with E. coli O157:H7. </p><p> Results: ESI+Freund's adjuvant elicited the highest IgG response (mean ± SEM: 12.3 ± 0.8 log10; p < 0.05 vs. ESI alone). Surprisingly, ESI+Imunofan showed a comparable reduction in bacterial shedding (3.1 ± 0.4 log10 CFU/g vs. Freund's adjuvant: 2.9 ± 0.3; p > 0.1), despite lower IgG (9.1 ± 0.6 log10). ESI alone reduced shedding (4.2 ± 0.5 log10; p < 0.01 vs. control), outperforming Imunofan alone (5.8 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). </p><p> Conclusion: Imunofan's structural authenticity and functional efficacy were demonstrated. Its comparable protection to Freund's adjuvant, despite weaker humoral responses, suggests a unique role in modulating non-antibody-mediated immunity. These findings support imunofan as a safer alternative to conventional adjuvants.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145336701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Various Autoantibodies and Alpha2-Macroglobulin in Patients with Hashimoto Disease: Does the Presence of Elevated Antibodies Correlate with Alpha 2-Macroglobulin Levels in Hashimoto Disease?","authors":"Rena Rahimova, Gulnara Azizova, Ilaha Shahverdiyeva, Gulnara Dashdamirova, Michael Mehdiyev","doi":"10.2174/0113892037374562250730060143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037374562250730060143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT) is caused by defects in the immune system in people with a genetic predisposition to the disease. The most prevalent type of autoimmune thyroiditis is Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). The present article reviews the possible relationship between α2-macroglobulin levels and autoantibodies in patients suffering from Hashimoto's disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 170 patients with Hashimoto's disease, categorized into subclinical (96 patients) and manifest (74 patients) forms, were enrolled in the study. The control group comprised 65 individuals without thyroid pathologies or other autoimmune diseases. The levels of α2-macroglobulin and autoantibodies, including both organ-specific and non-organ-specific, were determined in all study participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Organ-specific antibody and α2-macroglobulin levels were elevated in all patients studied compared to controls. Analysis of organ non-specific antibody levels in patients revealed elevated levels of antibodies to double-stranded (native) DNA in both the subclinical and manifest groups of patients. There were no statistically significant differences in antibody levels to single-stranded (denatured) DNA between the total patient group and the control groups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The data obtained demonstrated that there is no significant correlation between α2-- macroglobulin levels and autoantibody titres, as well as the severity of autoimmune thyroiditis. This finding suggests that α2-macroglobulin may have an unlikely role in the pathogenesis or as a biomarker of disease activity, including in the presence of antibody-dependent cellular damage. Conversely, antibodies directed against double-stranded DNA have exhibited enhanced informativeness and can be regarded as potential markers of the severity of autoimmune thyroid lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consequently, α2-macroglobulin has no diagnostic value as an indicator of autoimmune process exacerbation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Conversely, the presence and level of antibodies to double-stranded DNA may offer a means to assess the severity of the disease and should be the focus of further studies as prognostic markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An In-Depth Study of Circular RNAs Related to Breast Cancer Treatment and their Implications.","authors":"Fatima Akram, Zoha Naeem Rana, Ifrah Shabbir, Taseer Fatima, Ikram Ul Haq","doi":"10.2174/0113892037378439250718193539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037378439250718193539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circular RNAs, or circRNAs, play a key role in breast cancer biology, directly impacting the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the disease. This review explores the mechanisms, regulatory roles, and functional significance of circRNAs in breast cancer. Overexpressed circRNAs regulate gene expression, cell cycle progression, and drug response in breast cancer. This process is facilitated by the interaction between small RNA molecules (miRNAs) and proteins that can bind to RNA (RBPs), which target the main messenger RNA (mRNA). Consequently, they influence gene expression, cellular proliferation, and drug resistance. Dysregulated circRNA expression contributes to breast cancer progression by promoting tumor aggressiveness and treatment resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological Evaluation of the Combination Therapy of Novel Herbal Mixture in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.","authors":"Chandana Pyne, Chandra Shekhar Barik, Rakesh Verma, Rajendra Dnyandeo Dighe, Namra Aziz, Mohd Imran, Pranay Wal, Amin Gasmi","doi":"10.2174/0113892037368963250710184315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037368963250710184315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>An endocrine condition known as Poly-Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) makes females of reproductive age more susceptible to insulin resistance, excessive levels of male hormones, and delayed ovulation. It is the main reason that stimulates infertility in females during their reproductive years. Thus, the objective of the present research is to determine whether oleogum resins derived from Boswellia serrata and Commiphora myrrh could be beneficial in the treatment of PCOS using a female animal model (Wistar rats) that were administered 1 mg/ kg of letrozole for induction of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A combination therapy of Boswellia serrata and Commiphora myrrh was used to study its effect on rat models administered letrozole (1mg/ kg), employed to induce PCOS. OECD Guidelines 407 and 423 were followed for toxicity studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was revealed that the polyherbal mixture is nontoxic and safe to use, according to the results. Furthermore, studies have investigated the potential of a combination of oleo-gum resins in the treatment of letrozole-induced PCOS using animal models. According to the information gathered, it was found that the prepared herbal mixture significantly affected the letrozole-induced PCOS rat models. Additionally, it seems to have potential benefits for PCOS-related hormonal and reproductive disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The polyherbal mixture was considered safe for consumption at a dose concentration of under 2000 mg/ kg and can be used for an extended period. Additionally, the polyherbal mixture improved the outcome of the therapy of PCOS in rat models administered with letrozole (1mg/ kg) employed to induce PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Strategies for Hyaluronan Synthesis: A Review of Enzyme Modifications, Strain Selection, and Molecular Weight Control.","authors":"Mortaza Eivazi, Tahereh Ebrahimi, Kamran Hosseini, Leila Abkhooie, Vahideh Tarhriz","doi":"10.2174/0113892037367001250702064351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037367001250702064351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyaluronan is a biopolymer with significant biological and commercial importance, particularly due to its applications in medical, cosmetic, and tissue engineering fields. The molecular weight of HA is a key factor that influences its biological function, ranging from anti-inflammatory properties in high-molecular-weight HA to pro-inflammatory effects in low-molecular-weight HA. Recent advancements in protein and strain engineering have enabled precise control of the molecular weight of hyaluronan by manipulating both hyaluronan synthase enzyme variants and the host microbial strains used in hyaluronan production. Strain engineering, through genetic modification and metabolic pathway optimization, enhances the efficiency and yield of hyaluronan with defined molecular properties. Despite progress in industrial-scale hyaluronan production, achieving monodisperse hyaluronan with well-defined molecular weights remains a challenge. This review explores the current breakthroughs in enzyme and strain engineering strategies to optimize hyaluronan synthase enzyme activity and microbial host systems, aiming to produce size-controlled hyaluronan polymers with improved therapeutic efficacy. We discuss the role of specific hyaluronan synthase enzyme mutations and truncations, strain selection, and metabolic engineering, as well as the potential of in vitro cell-free systems for producing hyaluronan with tailored molecular properties for advanced biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Degraders: A Comprehensive Review of Small Molecule Induced Protein Degradation Strategies.","authors":"Deepanshu Sindhwani, Kaushal Arora, Pankaj Kumar, Prabhakar Kumar Verma, Vivek V Bhosale","doi":"10.2174/0113892037355750250526052851","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037355750250526052851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular degraders represent a ground-breaking class of small molecules revolutionizing drug discovery through the selective elimination of disease-causing proteins, including those previously deemed \"undruggable.\" This review provides a critical analysis of the design and mechanistic intricacies of molecular degraders, encompassing PROTACs, molecular glues, and SNIPERs, with a focus on their reliance on ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation pathways. Key themes include advancements in E3 ligase selection, the principles guiding ternary complex formation, and the role of structural dynamics in optimizing degrader activity and selectivity. The data for this review was collected from various databases such as Science Direct, United States National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer, and Bentham. Novel findings, such as the development of non-canonical degrader approaches and their preclinical successes, are examined alongside therapeutic applications in oncology, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious disorders. Challenges, including resistance mechanisms, safety concerns, and pharmacokinetic limitations, are evaluated to provide a holistic perspective. This review not only highlights the transformative potential of molecular degraders but also identifies future directions and critical gaps that could drive innovation in targeted protein degradation and precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Antithrombin Activity and Bioavailability of a Synthetic Peptide Using a Decision Tree Algorithm.","authors":"Sergei L Tikhonov, Olga O Babich, Stanislav A Sukhikh, Natalia V Tikhonova, Irina M Chernukha","doi":"10.2174/0113892037356348250523031542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037356348250523031542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thrombosis is a major cause of mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). The use of known antithrombin drugs is limited by the presence of side effects and complications. Peptides may be promising antithrombin agents.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>A peptide having the amino acid sequence QLSNGLFLFVDYLWW, designated as QW-13, was designed, synthesized, and used as a research object to evaluate the efficiency of the algorithm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The solid-phase Fmoc (SPPS) method, followed by purification by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for synthesis. The molecular weight distribution of the peptide was estimated by mass spectrometry. Peptide identification was performed using the MALDI-TOF MS Ultraflex method. Mass spectra were analyzed using the Mascot program. To confirm the efficiency of the algorithm, the antithrombin effect of the peptide was studied, which was evaluated by the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of human citrate blood plasma coagulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A decision tree algorithm was developed to predict antithrombin activity and bioavailability of oral peptides. The top-down inductions of decision tree algorithms were used to create the algorithm. The decision tree is pruned if there is a mismatch in the peptide under study. Algorithm criteria or descriptors include amino acid sequence, number of amino acids, molecular weight, clinical potency, body distribution and metabolism index, plasma clearance, and half-life. According to the algorithm, if the result of \"Antithrombin Peptide\" is positive, it is concluded that it is bioavailable and effective for clinical use. To validate and evaluate the efficiency of the algorithm, a peptide containing antithrombin amino acid sequences was synthesized. The algorithm found the peptide to be antithrombin and bioavailable. The results of the biological activity of the peptide were confirmed in an in vitro experiment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Employing a decision tree method to assess the antithrombin activity and bioavailability of peptides can facilitate the development of effective oral peptides, hence minimizing the development time and the quantity of in vitro and in vivo studies required to validate efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value of Mac-2 Binding Protein Glycosylation Isomer (M2BPGi) in Assessing Liver Fibrosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review of its Serum Biomarker Role.","authors":"Mohammadjavad Sotoudeheian","doi":"10.2174/0113892037315931240618085529","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037315931240618085529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is a broad condition characterized by lipid accumulation in the liver tissue, which can progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis if left untreated. Traditionally, liver biopsy is the gold standard for evaluating fibrosis. However, non-invasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis are developed to assess the fibrosis without the risk of biopsy complications. Novel serum biomarkers have emerged as a promising tool for non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in MAFLD patients. Several studies have shown that elevated levels of Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) are associated with increased liver fibrosis severity in MAFLD patients. This suggests that M2BPGi could serve as a reliable marker for identifying individuals at higher risk of disease progression. Furthermore, the use of M2BPGi offers a non-invasive alternative to liver biopsy, which is invasive and prone to sampling errors. Overall, the usage of M2BPGi in assessing liver fibrosis in MAFLD holds great promise for improving risk stratification and monitoring disease progression in affected individuals. Further research is needed to validate its utility in clinical practice and establish standardized protocols for its implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":"6-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of Proteases and Protease Inhibitors from <i>Ganoderma</i> spp. Cultivated in Amazonian Lignocellulose Wastes.","authors":"Larissa Ramos Chevreuil, Vitor Alves Pessoa, Giovanna Lima da Silva, Paula Romenya Dos Santos Gouvea, Larissa Batista do Nascimento Soares, Ceci Sales-Campos","doi":"10.2174/0113892037297181240605112831","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037297181240605112831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ganoderma spp. are a great source of bioactive molecules. The production and recovery of bioactive molecules vary according to strain, growth substrate, and extraction solution. Variations in protease and their inhibitors in basidiomata from a commercial strain (<i>G. lingzhi</i>) and an Amazonian isolate (<i>Ganoderma</i> sp.) cultivated in Amazonian lignocellulosic wastes and extracted with different solutions are plausible and were investigated in our study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Basidiomata from cultivation in substrates based on açaí seed, guaruba-cedro sawdust and three lots of marupá sawdust were submitted to extraction in water, Tris-HCl, and sodium phosphate. Protein content, proteases, and protease inhibitors were estimated through different assays. The samples were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tris-HCl provided higher protein extraction from <i>Ganoderma</i> sp. and higher caseinolytic, gelatinolytic, and fibrinolytic activity for <i>G. lingzhi</i> cultivated in açaí. Water extracts of <i>Ganoderma</i> sp., in general, exhibited higher trypsin and papain inhibitor activities compared to G. lingzhi. Extracts in Tris-HCl and sodium phosphate showed more intense protein bands in SDSPAGE, highlighting bands of molecular weights around 100, 50, and 30 kDa. FTIR spectra showed patterns for proteins in all extracts, with variation in transmittance according to substrate and extractor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Water extract from Amazonian <i>Ganoderma</i> sp. cultivated in marupá wastes are promising as a source of protease inhibitors, while the Tris-HCL extract of G. lingzhi from açaí cultivation stands out as a source of proteases with fibrinolytic, caseinolytic, and gelatinolytic activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":"76-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive Milk Peptides as a Nutraceutical Opportunity and Challenges.","authors":"Devesh U Kapoor, Mansi Gaur, Akash Kumar, Mohd Nazam Ansari, Bhupendra Prajapati","doi":"10.2174/0113892037319188240806074731","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892037319188240806074731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biotechnology field has witnessed rapid advancements, leading to the development of numerous proteins and peptides (PPs) for disease management. The production and isolation of bioactive milk peptides (BAPs) involve enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, followed by purification through various techniques such as ultrafiltration and chromatography. The nutraceutical potential of bioactive milk peptides has gained significant attention in nutritional research, as these peptides may regulate blood sugar levels, mitigate oxidative stress, improve cardiovascular health, gut health, bone health, and immune responses, and exhibit anticancer properties. However, to enhance BAP bioavailability, the encapsulation method can be used to offer protection against protease degradation and controlled release. This article provides insights into the composition, types, production, isolation, bioavailability, and health benefits of BAPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":"41-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}