Current Nutrition Reports最新文献

{"title":"Sugar Reduction in Processed Foods: Industry Initiatives, Policy Interventions, and Future Directions.","authors":"Peir Shinn Hew, Wen Jie Ng, Kah Yaw Ee","doi":"10.1007/s13668-026-00808-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-026-00808-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Excessive intake of added sugars, particularly from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), is an important global public health concern associated with increased risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other non-communicable diseases. However, the health impacts of sugar consumption are influenced by broader dietary patterns, total energy intake, and overall diet quality. Although sugar plays important sensory and functional roles in food, including flavour enhancement, texture, colour development, and shelf-life extension, growing concerns regarding excessive added sugar intake have driven global efforts to reduce sugar content in processed foods. This review outlines current strategies undertaken by the food industry and regulatory authorities to address this challenge.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Industry-driven initiatives include product reformulation, substitution with natural and artificial sweeteners, intrinsic sugar reduction through processing innovations, and portion-control strategies. In parallel, regulatory actions, such as sugar taxation, mandatory nutritional labelling, and public awareness campaigns have been implemented to promote healthier purchasing behaviours and dietary choices. While these interventions have contributed to progress in sugar reduction, challenges persist concerning consumer acceptability, labelling transparency, cross-regional policy inconsistencies, and limited long-term evidence regarding population-level health impacts. Emerging technologies, including enzymatic sugar modification, rare sugar production, and fermentation-derived sweeteners, offer promising solutions but require further validation regarding safety, scalability, sustainability, and consumer acceptance. Effective sugar reduction strategies demand an integrated framework that combines technological innovation, policy alignment, and behavioural change. Strengthened collaboration between industry, governments, and consumers is essential to developing healthier and more sustainable food systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":10844,"journal":{"name":"Current Nutrition Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of Beetroot and Watermelon by-Products as Functional Ingredients Targeting Nitric Oxide Pathways: Implications for Cardiovascular Health.","authors":"Thiago Silveira Alvares","doi":"10.1007/s13668-026-00807-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13668-026-00807-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>Food loss and waste represent major challenges for food systems, while fruit and vegetable by-products generated during processing are underused sources of bioactive compounds with potential applications in functional food development. The present review aims to examine the valorization of beetroot and watermelon by-products as functional ingredients associated with nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, vascular function, and cardiovascular health. Given that impaired NO signaling is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction and cardiometabolic disease, nutritional strategies capable of modulating NO-related pathways are of growing interest.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Beetroot by-products, including peels and pomace, contain betalains, phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, and other constituents of potential functional relevance. However, nitrate content is rarely measured in these materials, and direct evidence that their consumption increases nitrate bioavailability or improves vascular function is currently lacking. Their proposed contribution to the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is therefore based mainly on evidence from conventional nitrate-rich beetroot products. In contrast, watermelon rind is a natural source of L-citrulline, which is bioavailable after ingestion and may support NO production through the citrulline-arginine-eNOS pathway. Human studies have demonstrated the bioavailability of L-citrulline derived from watermelon rind, while studies using a microencapsulated rind juice providing 4 g of L-citrulline have reported improvements in conduit artery endothelial function. Antioxidant compounds present in these by-products may also help limit oxidative degradation of NO, although this effect has not been directly demonstrated. Beetroot and watermelon by-products are linked to distinct pathways of NO generation but are currently supported by different levels of evidence. Future studies should quantify nitrate in beetroot by-products and L-citrulline in watermelon rind, including in the corresponding final food products, and evaluate changes in circulating nitrate, nitrite, and amino acids together with vascular function in well-controlled clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10844,"journal":{"name":"Current Nutrition Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Molecular Mechanisms, Physiological Effects, Gut Microbiota Interplay and Nutritional Strategies of Anthocyanins as Modulators of Muscle Protein Synthesis: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Álvaro A Vergara Nieto, Andrés Halabi Diaz, Millaray Hernández Millán, Daniel Sagredo Oyarzo","doi":"10.1007/s13668-026-00810-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-026-00810-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10844,"journal":{"name":"Current Nutrition Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race, Diet, and Cardiometabolic Risk in US Young Adults: A Biosocial Framework Integrating Biological Mechanisms and Structural Inequities Toward Precision Nutrition.","authors":"Onyedika G Ani","doi":"10.1007/s13668-026-00804-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13668-026-00804-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Cardiometabolic disease disproportionately affects Black populations in the US, yet dietary interventions have not reduced these disparities. This review examines race as a biosocial construct integrating ancestry-related biology and structural exposures to understand cardiometabolic risk and dietary response in precision nutrition RECENT FINDINGS: Evidence suggests racial differences in glucoregulatory physiology, metabolically relevant allele frequencies, stress-related epigenetic regulation, gut microbiome composition, and metabolomic profiles. Functional foods, including fruits, vegetables, and nuts, target pathways linked to these phenotypes. However, most intervention studies involve older, predominantly White populations, limiting understanding of race-specific responses. The review proposes the \"cumulative racial biological phenotype\" framework, where ancestry-related biology and structural exposures jointly influence cardiometabolic risk. It advances the greater plasticity hypothesis, suggesting greater baseline biological perturbation may predict larger dietary responses. Testing these concepts requires race-stratified, multi-omics dietary intervention trials in young adults using culturally and structurally responsive designs to improve the effectiveness and equity of precision nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":10844,"journal":{"name":"Current Nutrition Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Body Composition on Drug Tolerance in Cancer Therapy: A Structured Narrative Review.","authors":"Susana Castro-Luaces, Paula Sánchez-Sobrino, María Alfonsín-Lara, Maria Susana Fortes-González, Silvia Vázquez-Blanco, Claudia Barca-Diez, Noemí Martínez-López De Castro, Natividad Lago-Rivero","doi":"10.1007/s13668-026-00801-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13668-026-00801-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The aim of the present review is to analyse the current knowledge on how body composition parameters, principally low muscle mass (frequently reported as \"sarcopenia\") and myosteatosis (low muscle quality), relate to drug tolerance and the occurrence of adverse events during cancer therapy across different malignancies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Because dosing based on weight or body surface area does not capture body composition, its potential limitations have increasingly been questioned. The available research spans a highly heterogeneous set of studies with inconsistent results. In non-small-cell lung cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, low muscle mass has been associated with a nearly 2.5-fold increase in the risk of severe haematological toxicity, and with immunotherapy it has been reported as an independent predictor of severe immune-related toxicities with agents such as nivolumab. In ovarian cancer, low skeletal muscle radiodensity and low subcutaneous adipose tissue index independently predicted severe adverse events and treatment modifications. However, other studies-for example in pancreatic and thyroid cancer-found no significant association between baseline low muscle mass and short-term dose modifications or adverse outcomes. Studies differed markedly not only in the body-composition parameters measured and the definition of abnormal values, but also in how treatment tolerance was evaluated, which limits comparability across studies. The current literature suggests a biologically plausible but unconfirmed link between reduced skeletal muscle and treatment-related toxicity, potentially mediated by a lower distribution volume of hydrophilic agents such as platinum compounds and monoclonal antibodies, with a consequent rise in peak plasma concentrations. Nevertheless, the evidence is too heterogeneous and insufficiently standardized to draw robust conclusions and should be regarded as hypothesis-generating. Before body-composition assessment can be recommended for treatment planning or dose individualization in routine practice, the field requires standardized and validated assessment methods, harmonized diagnostic criteria, systematic adjustment for confounders, and adequately powered prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10844,"journal":{"name":"Current Nutrition Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Ultra-Processed Foods and Metabolic Dysfunction: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Public Health Perspectives. Position Paper of the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI).","authors":"Giovanna Trinchese, Barbara Paolini, Fabiano Cimmino, Filippo Valoriani, Lucio Lucchin, Carmela Bagnato, Annarita Sabbatini, Massimiliano Petrelli, Pietro Losignore, Francesca Marino, Giulia Tavella, Odette Misa Sonia Hassan, Annalisa Maghetti, Maria Grazia Carbonelli, Sebastiano Banni, Luigi Barrea, Maria Pina Mollica","doi":"10.1007/s13668-026-00803-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-026-00803-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10844,"journal":{"name":"Current Nutrition Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Diabetic Kidney Disease: What have We Learned so Far?","authors":"Baris Afsar, Rengin Elsurer Afsar","doi":"10.1007/s13668-026-00800-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13668-026-00800-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Despite various renoprotective agents, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) still progresses in some patients necessitating further novel therapeutic options. With regard to diet and healthy eating patterns, one dietary intervention for DKD is polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation yet the full scope of these this intervention is incompletely understood. In this narrative review, we summarized the literature (both experimental and clinical studies) specifically investigating the relationship between omega fatty acids and DKD. Additionally, we explored the potential molecular effects of omega fatty acids in DKD, identify knowledge gaps and put proposals for future studies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>PUFAs supplementation decreased blood pressure, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride levels, proteinuria/albuminuria and kidney injury and inflammatory markers. Furthermore, structural alterations such as tubulointerstitial fibrosis, mesangial expansion, capillary and tubular dilatation, podocyte foot process effacement, glomerular basal membrane thickening are reduced by PUFAs although some studies showed neutral effects. PUFAs supplementation is a feasible option for DKD although studies are heterogeneous but no safety signals raised. More studies are needed to understand robust relationship between PUFAs supplementation and DKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10844,"journal":{"name":"Current Nutrition Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13585881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148988535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic-Guided Nutrition Support in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease.","authors":"Akash Pandey, Jithinraj Edakkanambeth Varayil, Craig E Fleishman, Senthilkumar Sankararaman","doi":"10.1007/s13668-026-00802-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13668-026-00802-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at high risk of malnutrition, feeding difficulties and altered body composition beyond infancy. Nutritional decisions are often based on cardiac anatomy. Although anatomy alone does not capture differences in metabolic demand, mesenteric perfusion and feeding intolerance. This review presents physiology-based framework to guide nutritional support in pediatric CHD care pathway.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent evidence favors early enteral feeding when hemodynamically appropriate, prioritizing human milk in high-risk infants, standardizing perioperative feeding protocols, assessment beyond weight alone and early attention to oral feeding skills. Long term concern includes micronutrition deficiency, protein losing enteropathy, sarcopenia, obesity and feeding difficulties. Some evidence remains unclear in several areas including exact calorie and protein goal, hemodynamic feeding threshold, weight loss medications in pediatric CHD. Five hemodynamic categories (systemic hypoperfusion, global hypoxia, pulmonary over circulation, mixing lesions, and single-ventricle physiology) may providea practical way to guide nutrition decisions than anatomic diagnosis alone. Matching feeding strategy to mesenteric perfusion, metabolic demand, and complication risk may improve consistency of care but pediatric-specific prospective studies stratified by hemodynamic physiology with patient-centered endpoints are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10844,"journal":{"name":"Current Nutrition Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148976031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential Neuroprotective Role of Biotin in Neurorehabilitation: A Review.","authors":"Esra Gunay, Makbule Gezmen-Karadag","doi":"10.1007/s13668-026-00799-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13668-026-00799-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin that mammals cannot synthesize and must obtain from the diet. Beyond its established role as a cofactor for biotin-dependent carboxylases, biotin has attracted neurological interest because intermediary metabolism, lipid handling, and myelin maintenance are biologically linked. This narrative review examines biotin across three distinct exposure contexts-nutritional adequacy, functional insufficiency, and pharmacological supplementation-and evaluates its putative relevance to neuroprotection and neurorecovery-oriented processes.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Dietary biotin intake is generally sufficient in mixed diets, and overt deficiency is uncommon; however, low diet quality, reduced bioavailability, and methodological limitations in status assessment may complicate interpretation of biotin sufficiency in clinical nutrition. No validated gold-standard biomarker is currently available. Experimental studies suggest that biotin may modulate pathways related to cellular bioenergetics, lipid metabolism, and myelin-associated processes, but these findings are predominantly preclinical and should not be interpreted as direct evidence of clinical efficacy. In progressive multiple sclerosis, high-dose biotin has been evaluated in human studies, including randomized trials, yet clinical results remain inconsistent and laboratory assay interference remains a relevant practical limitation. Current evidence does not support conflating adequate dietary biotin intake with pharmacological high-dose exposure. Although biotin remains mechanistically plausible in neuroenergetics and myelin-related disorders, its therapeutic relevance to neurorecovery remains uncertain. Better-designed studies are needed to refine exposure assessment, define dose-response relationships, and determine whether mechanistic signals translate into meaningful clinical benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":10844,"journal":{"name":"Current Nutrition Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148966965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotics in Menopausal Health: A Two-Decade Bibliometric Analysis and Narrative Review.","authors":"Femi Olawale, Sanmi E Alake, Ranjitha Chandrashekar, Yoo Kim, Winyoo Chowanadisai, Elizabeth A McCullagh, Brenda J Smith, Edralin A Lucas","doi":"10.1007/s13668-026-00798-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13668-026-00798-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Menopause, defined as amenorrhea due to loss of ovarian function, is associated with osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, vasomotor disturbances, and cardiovascular disease. While menopause hormone therapy (MHT) remains the gold standard for high-potency symptom management, biotic interventions offer a safe, alternative approach for those who cannot or choose not to use MHT. This review examines biotic interventions (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics) and their influence on the gut-menopause axis.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Declining estrogen during menopause alters gastrointestinal physiology, including shifts in gut microbiota composition and impaired gut barrier function. Bibliometric analysis of the past two decades shows a sharp rise in publications after 2017, peaking in 2024. The intellectual landscape centers on \"probiotics,\" \"menopause,\" and \"osteoporosis,\" highlighting bone health as a key focus. Evidence indicates that biotic interventions, particularly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species and selected fibers, can restore microbial balance, enhance short-chain fatty acid production, improve gut barrier integrity, modulate the estrobolome, reduce systemic inflammation, and support bone, metabolic, cardiovascular, and vasomotor health. Biotic strategies represent a multi-targeted, non-hormonal approach to managing menopausal health, addressing underlying physiological changes. These findings highlight emerging research trends while underscoring the need for long-term clinical trials, and support further exploration of personalized, microbiome-targeted interventions in menopause.</p>","PeriodicalId":10844,"journal":{"name":"Current Nutrition Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148896658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}